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Towards Re-Decentralized Future of the Web: Privacy, Security and Technology Development 走向网络的再去中心化未来:隐私、安全和技术发展
Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-01-22 DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.169
Stanislav Vojíř, J. Kucera
The World Wide Web (the Web) has become part of people’s daily lives. Although the Web, like the Internet itself, was designed as a decentralized network, hand in hand with the increase in its interactivity Web users gradually concentrated on a limited number of platforms. As a result, providers of these large international platforms have become centres of power that can easily influence users’ behaviour and what information they can access. This paper is based on an integrative literature review and its aim is to describe the development of the Web from its beginnings to the present. This development is viewed from the perspective of centralization of the Web and the reactions that this centralization has provoked, especially the current trends towards the so-called re-decentralized Web. More specifically, the paper focuses on the privacy imperative that might act as a driving force for the re-decentralized Web, and on the technological innovations enabling development of truly decentralized platforms and applications. This paper contributes to the discussion of implications that a wider adoption of the re-decentralized Web could bring in the near future.
万维网已经成为人们日常生活的一部分。尽管网络和互联网本身一样,被设计成一个去中心化的网络,但随着其交互性的增加,网络用户逐渐集中在数量有限的平台上。因此,这些大型国际平台的提供商已经成为权力中心,可以很容易地影响用户的行为以及他们可以访问的信息。本文基于综合文献综述,旨在描述网络从诞生到现在的发展。这一发展是从网络集中化的角度来看待的,以及这种集中化引起的反应,特别是目前所谓的重新去中心化网络的趋势。更具体地说,本文关注的是可能成为重新去中心化网络驱动力的隐私要求,以及能够开发真正去中心化平台和应用程序的技术创新。本文有助于讨论在不久的将来更广泛地采用去中心化的网络可能带来的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Social Informatics Experience: A Case Study on Learning and Teaching Sociological Basics in a Technical Context 社会信息学经验:技术背景下社会学基础学习与教学的个案研究
Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-01-22 DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.170
C. Wessel
To be able to play an active role in the design, creation and development of a networked society, students, scholars and practitioners need basic knowledge in social informatics. Students at a university of applied sciences attended a one-term seminar that consisted of eight two-day workshops. The students learned and used theories, concepts and methods of social informatics (SI), focusing on the sociological part of SI. The learning and teaching approach is grounded in competency-based learning. It enables students to explore a certain field. This is implemented by means of organization development, project-based learning, agile learning and teaching plus blended learning. It empowers teachers and students to work together efficiently, effectively and with joy. To learn how and why this approach worked, an embedded case study investigated the design, implementation and evaluation of the workshop series. Finally, the paper describes impediments to the communication and understanding of the term and the field of social informatics and sketches ideas how to deal with it concerning study programmes and the value social informatics can contribute to challenges like a pandemic.
为了能够在网络社会的设计、创造和发展中发挥积极作用,学生、学者和从业者需要社会信息学的基础知识。一所应用科学大学的学生参加了一个为期一学期的研讨会,其中包括八个为期两天的研讨会。学生学习和使用社会信息学的理论、概念和方法,重点学习社会信息学中的社会学部分。学习和教学方法以能力本位学习为基础。它使学生能够探索某个领域。这是通过组织发展、基于项目的学习、敏捷学习和教学加混合学习的方式来实现的。它使教师和学生能够高效、有效、愉快地合作。为了了解这种方法是如何以及为什么起作用的,一个嵌入式案例研究调查了系列研讨会的设计、实施和评估。最后,本文描述了传播和理解社会信息学这一术语和领域的障碍,并概述了如何应对这一障碍的想法,涉及学习计划和社会信息学对流行病等挑战的价值。
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引用次数: 0
What is Social Informatics from an International Perspective? 从国际角度看什么是社会信息学?
Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2022-01-10 DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.173
Vasja Vehovar, Zdenek Smutný, A. Robbin
This editorial aims to summarise the special issue entitled Perspectives of Social Informatics that builds on the current international view of social informatics. The special issue consists of eight scientific articles and one book review.
这篇社论旨在总结题为“社会信息学视角”的特刊,该特刊建立在当前国际社会信息学观点的基础上。特刊由八篇科学文章和一篇书评组成。
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引用次数: 3
Personal Data as a Market Commodity in the GDPR Era: A Systematic Review of Social and Economic Aspects GDPR时代作为市场商品的个人数据:社会和经济方面的系统回顾
Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.168
Aleksei Zelianin
With the development of modern data processing, mining and collection technologies, various companies and institutions will have more opportunities to make these data operations faster and more efficiently. From the economic perspective, processing personal data is evidently lucrative and companies would therefore like to obtain as much data as possible. This paper analyses and summarizes existing and emerging social and economic trends, implications and issues caused by clashes between European legislation on personal data protection (the GDPR) and current data processing practices. Utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data, the article attempts to scrutinize the implications of the conflict between the rising demand for privacy and personal data protection on the one hand and the ever-growing need to process and store personal data, especially by commercial organizations, on the other. Analysing databases, legislation, reports, statistical data and surveys, the paper attempts to provide an estimate of the value of personal data and the consequences of poor handling of personal data.
随着现代数据处理、挖掘和收集技术的发展,各种公司和机构将有更多的机会更快、更高效地进行这些数据操作。从经济角度来看,处理个人数据显然是有利可图的,因此公司希望获得尽可能多的数据。本文分析和总结了欧洲个人数据保护立法(GDPR)与当前数据处理实践之间的冲突所带来的现有和新兴的社会和经济趋势、影响和问题。本文试图利用定量和定性数据,仔细研究对隐私和个人数据保护日益增长的需求与处理和存储个人数据(尤其是商业组织)日益增长的需要之间冲突的影响。通过分析数据库、立法、报告、统计数据和调查,本文试图对个人数据的价值以及处理不当的后果进行估计。
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引用次数: 1
Image-based Product Recommendation Method for E-commerce Applications Using Convolutional Neural Networks 基于卷积神经网络的电子商务应用图像产品推荐方法
Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.167
Pegah Malekpour Alamdari, N. J. Navimipour, M. Hosseinzadeh, Ali Asghar Safaei, A. Darwesh
Recommender systems (RS) are designed to eliminate the information overload problem in today's e-commerce platforms and other data-centric online services. They help users explore and exploit the system's information environment utilizing implicit and explicit data from internal e-commerce systems and user interactions. Today's product catalogues include pictures to provide visual detail at a glance. This approach can effectively convert potential buyers into customers. Since most e-commerce stores use product images to promote, arouse users' visual desires and encourage them to buy products, this paper develops an image-based RS using deep learning techniques. To perform the research, we use five convolutional neural network (CNN) models to extract the features of the products' images. Then, the system uses the features to calculate the similarity between images. The selected CNN models are VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, Inception V3 and Xception. We also analysed four versions of the MovieLens dataset to demonstrate the accuracy improvement of the recommendations, including 100k, 1M, 10M and 20M. Results of the experiment showed a significant increase in accuracy compared with traditional approaches. Also, we express many related open issues including use of multiple images per item, different similarity metrics, other CNN models, and the hybridization of image-based and different RS techniques for future studies. This method also provides more accurate product recommendations on e-commerce platforms than traditional methods.
推荐系统(RS)旨在消除当今电子商务平台和其他以数据为中心的在线服务中的信息过载问题。它们利用来自内部电子商务系统和用户交互的隐式和显式数据,帮助用户探索和利用系统的信息环境。今天的产品目录包括图片,以提供一目了然的视觉细节。这种方法可以有效地将潜在买家转化为客户。鉴于大多数电子商务商店都使用产品图像来宣传、唤起用户的视觉欲望并鼓励他们购买产品,本文利用深度学习技术开发了一种基于图像的RS。为了进行研究,我们使用了五个卷积神经网络(CNN)模型来提取产品图像的特征。然后,系统使用这些特征来计算图像之间的相似度。选择的CNN模型有VGG16、VGG19、ResNet50、Inception V3和Xception。我们还分析了MovieLens数据集的四个版本,以证明建议的准确性提高,包括100k、1M、10M和20M。实验结果表明,与传统方法相比,准确度显著提高。此外,我们表达了许多相关的开放性问题,包括每个项目使用多个图像、不同的相似性度量、其他CNN模型,以及基于图像和不同RS技术的混合,以供未来研究。这种方法也比传统方法在电子商务平台上提供了更准确的产品推荐。
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引用次数: 3
Body Image Esteem and Photo Manipulation Among Social Media Users 社交媒体用户的身体形象自尊与照片操纵
Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2021-11-28 DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.166
Hai Chung Pham, Lien Nguyen, T. A. Vũ, Phuong Tran
When interacting with each other virtually on social media sites, users may potentially encounter their own “self-presence”. To improve their physical self-presence on social media, users might resolve to curate themselves to match their ideal perceptions of themselves and others. This study examines the intention to alter one’s factual self in real life whilst contemplating the on-line self on social media. Data were derived from a social survey of Vietnamese adults. The results indicate the remarkable mediating relationship from the level of editing self-images to three choices of intention to change the body image in real life. Nevertheless, this paper does not provide enough evidence to confirm any link connecting distal intentions (D-intentions), proximal intentions (P-intentions) and motor intentions (M-intentions) with private self-consciousness, with the latter as the moderator variable. This study, therefore, might provide an exclusive idea of how online behaviour can be related to one’s offline behaviour in terms of body image. With an understanding of this aspect, many implications can be found in regard to applications/programmes in research, development and marketing.
当用户在社交媒体网站上进行虚拟互动时,他们可能会遇到自己的“自我存在”。为了提高他们在社交媒体上的形象,用户可能会决定调整自己,以符合他们对自己和他人的理想看法。这项研究考察了一个人在现实生活中改变真实自我的意图,同时考虑在社交媒体上的在线自我。数据来源于对越南成年人的社会调查。结果表明,自我形象编辑水平对现实生活中身体形象改变意愿的三种选择存在显著的中介关系。然而,本文没有提供足够的证据来证实远端意图(d -意图)、近端意图(p -意图)和运动意图(m -意图)与私人自我意识之间的联系,后者是调节变量。因此,这项研究可能会提供一个独特的想法,即在线行为如何与一个人在身体形象方面的离线行为相关联。了解了这方面,就可以在研究、开发和营销方面的应用/计划中找到许多含义。
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引用次数: 2
Impact of Social Media Application Qualities on Using Them for Daily News 社交媒体应用质量对日常新闻使用的影响
Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.164
Davod Farhadi, A. Maroosi
A model is introduced to investigate the effect of social media application qualities on the using of these applications for daily news. A standard questionnaire was designed and distributed among randomly selected social media users in the city of Neyshabur in Iran. The content of the questionnaire was validated by experts and its reliability verified using Cronbach's alpha. Random sampling was used identify participants. The SmartPLS software was used to investigate the research findings. Structural equation modelling is used for data analysis. The results show that the factors of system quality, information quality, service quality and personalization of applications affect their perceived usefulness. System quality and service quality affect the perceived ease of use of applications. However, information quality does not affect perceived ease of use. Also, the results show that perceived usefulness has a greater effect (with a path coefficient of 45%) on the attitude in respect of perceived ease of use (path coefficient of 26%). Personalization has the most positive impact on perceived usefulness and service quality has a great impact on perceived ease of use. Facilitating conditions have a positive impact on the use of social media and their use for news. Furthermore, the results show that the factors that affect the use of applications in Telegram are better than those in Viber. These findings justify why Iranian people migrate from Viber to Telegram as their social media application.
引入了一个模型来研究社交媒体应用程序质量对这些应用程序使用这些应用程序进行日常新闻的影响。设计了一份标准问卷,并在伊朗内沙布尔市随机选择的社交媒体用户中分发。问卷内容经专家验证,信度采用Cronbach’s alpha进行验证。采用随机抽样确定参与者。使用SmartPLS软件对研究结果进行调查。采用结构方程模型进行数据分析。结果表明,系统质量、信息质量、服务质量和应用程序的个性化等因素影响应用程序的感知有用性。系统质量和服务质量影响应用程序的易用性。然而,信息质量并不影响感知到的易用性。此外,结果显示,感知有用性对感知易用性(路径系数为26%)的态度有更大的影响(路径系数为45%)。个性化对感知有用性影响最大,服务质量对感知易用性影响最大。便利条件对社交媒体的使用及其对新闻的使用具有积极影响。此外,结果表明,在Telegram中影响应用程序使用的因素比在Viber中要好。这些发现证明了为什么伊朗人从Viber转向Telegram作为他们的社交媒体应用。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting Mortality in Patients with Stroke Using Data Mining Techniques 使用数据挖掘技术预测脑卒中患者死亡率
Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2021-11-21 DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.163
Zahra Hadianfard, Hadi Lotfnezhad Afshar, S. Nazarbaghi, B. Rahimi, T. Timpka
The mortality due to stroke is increasing. Accurate prediction of stroke-caused death is very important for healthcare. Data mining methods are novel ways to predict these mortality risks. The aim of this study is to employ popular data mining algorithms to predict the survival of stroke patients and extract decision rules. The data on stroke patients (n=4149) were collected from paper medical records. Missing data were managed using the multiple imputation method. Also, the target variable was balanced using methods such as over-sampling, under-sampling and Synthetic Minority Oversampling (SMOTE). The support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, and logistic regression (LR) algorithms were employed to predict the survival of stroke patients. Also, the Repeated Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction (RIPPER) algorithm was used to extract the decision rules from the main dataset. LR outperformed other algorithms in terms of accuracy (76.96%), sensitivity (79.06%) and kappa (33.34). However, specificity (65.35%) and AUC (0.77) scores were lower than those of other algorithms. An independent dataset with 234 records was selected to challenge the LR algorithm with the best performance from the main dataset. After employing this algorithm on the external validation dataset, its performance was improved in accuracy (79.91%), sensitivity (83.94%), kappa (39.26) and AUC (0.8), but not in specificity (60.98%). The constructed model predicted the survival of stroke patients with high scores and useful rules were extracted for clinical usage.
中风导致的死亡率正在上升。准确预测中风导致的死亡对医疗保健非常重要。数据挖掘方法是预测这些死亡风险的新方法。本研究的目的是采用流行的数据挖掘算法来预测中风患者的生存率并提取决策规则。脑卒中患者(n=4149)的数据来自纸质医疗记录。缺失数据采用多重插补法进行管理。此外,使用过采样、欠采样和合成少数过采样(SMOTE)等方法平衡目标变量。采用支持向量机(SVM)、决策树和逻辑回归(LR)算法预测脑卒中患者的生存率。此外,使用重复增量修剪以产生误差减少(RIPPER)算法从主数据集中提取决策规则。LR在准确性(76.96%)、敏感性(79.06%)和kappa(33.34)方面优于其他算法。然而,特异性(65.35%)和AUC(0.77)得分低于其他算法。从主数据集中选择了一个具有234条记录的独立数据集来挑战具有最佳性能的LR算法。在外部验证数据集上使用该算法后,其性能在准确性(79.91%)、敏感性(83.94%)、kappa(39.26)和AUC(0.8)方面有所提高,但在特异性(60.98%)方面没有提高。构建的模型预测了高分脑卒中患者的生存率,并提取了有用的规则供临床使用。
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引用次数: 1
Hateful and Other Negative Communication in Online Commenting Environments: Content, Structure and Targets 网络评论环境中的仇恨和其他负面交流:内容、结构和目标
Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2021-11-21 DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.165
Vasja Vehovar, D. Jontes
Information and communication technologies are increasingly interacting with modern societies. One specific manifestation of this interaction concerns hateful and other negative comments in online environments. Various terms appear to denote this communication, from flaming, indecency and intolerance to hate speech. However, there is still a lack of an umbrella term that broadly captures this communication. Therefore, this paper introduces the concept of socially unacceptable discourse, which serves as the basis for an empirical study that evaluated online comments scraped from the Facebook pages of the three most-visited Slovenian news outlets. Machine-learning algorithms were used to narrow the focus to topics related to refugees and LGBT rights. Ten thousand comments were manually coded to identify and structure socially undesirable discourse. The results show that about half of all comments belonged to this type of discourse, with a surprisingly stable level and structure across media (i.e., right-wing versus mainstream) and topics. Most of these comments could also be considered a potential violation of hate speech legislation. In the context of these findings, the political and ideological consequences and implications of mediatised emotions are discussed.
信息和通信技术正日益与现代社会相互作用。这种互动的一个具体表现是网络环境中的仇恨和其他负面评论。各种各样的术语似乎表示这种交流,从愤怒、猥亵和不容忍到仇恨言论。然而,仍然缺乏一个总括性的术语来概括这种交流。因此,本文引入了社会不可接受话语的概念,这是一项实证研究的基础,该研究评估了从访问量最大的三家斯洛文尼亚新闻媒体的脸书页面上截取的在线评论。机器学习算法被用来将焦点缩小到与难民和LGBT权利有关的话题。一万条评论被人工编码,以识别和构建社会上不受欢迎的话语。结果显示,大约一半的评论属于这种类型的话语,在媒体(即右翼与主流)和话题中具有令人惊讶的稳定水平和结构。这些言论中的大多数也可能被视为潜在的违反仇恨言论立法的行为。在这些发现的背景下,讨论了调解情绪的政治和意识形态后果及其含义。
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引用次数: 4
Book Review: Sozioinformatik - Von Menschen & Computern … und Bibern 书评:社会信息学
Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2021-10-24 DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.156
F. Wolff
The 2021 book on social informatics by Christa Weßel “Sozioinformatik: von Menschen & Computern ... und Bibern” [Social Informatics: About People & Computers ... and Beavers] is a contemporary and reflective overview on social informatics written in German. It is based upon the author’s rich professional experience of diverse aspects of research and development, consulting and teaching social informatics and related areas. On about two hundred pages, the book comprises a thorough survey on related and relevant disciplines, a critical assessment of the current status and diverse interpretations of the goals of social informatics.
Christa Weßel 2021年出版的关于社会信息学的书《Sozioinformatik:von Menschen&Computern…und Bibern》[社会信息学:关于人与计算机…和海狸]是一本用德语撰写的当代反思性社会信息学综述。它是基于作者在社会信息学和相关领域的研究与开发、咨询和教学等各个方面的丰富专业经验。这本书约200页,包括对相关学科的全面调查、对社会信息学现状的批判性评估以及对社会信息主义目标的不同解释。
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引用次数: 2
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Acta Informatica Pragensia
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