Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993972
Yiqiao Liang, S. Ayasun, C. Nwankpa
The critical clearing time, t/sub cc/, in power system transient stability analysis is modeled as a random variable due to the random nature of the power system load. A linear approximation approach that mainly involves the sensitivity calculation of the derivative of t/sub cc/ to the system load is developed to obtain the probability density function (PDF) of t/sub cc/ based on the PDF of the system load. A Monte Carlo simulation method is used to verify that this approach is accurate under the condition of small load deviation. The probability of the system being transiently stable for particular disturbances is calculated based on the PDF of t/sub cc/.
{"title":"Calculation of the probability density function of critical clearing time in transient stability analysis","authors":"Yiqiao Liang, S. Ayasun, C. Nwankpa","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2002.993972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.993972","url":null,"abstract":"The critical clearing time, t/sub cc/, in power system transient stability analysis is modeled as a random variable due to the random nature of the power system load. A linear approximation approach that mainly involves the sensitivity calculation of the derivative of t/sub cc/ to the system load is developed to obtain the probability density function (PDF) of t/sub cc/ based on the PDF of the system load. A Monte Carlo simulation method is used to verify that this approach is accurate under the condition of small load deviation. The probability of the system being transiently stable for particular disturbances is calculated based on the PDF of t/sub cc/.","PeriodicalId":366006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128282559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993961
T. Mount
The analysis in this paper demonstrates that a combination of 1) a forward contact, with fixed price for both base land and peaking power, and 2) a collar option for the number of hot days in a summer is an effective way to reduce the risk of purchasing electricity in a spot market. The main advantages are 1) the effectiveness of price signals is strengthened by making peaking power expensive, and 2) the correlation between payouts from the weather option and high prices is increased.
{"title":"Using weather derivatives to improve the efficiency of forward markets for electricity","authors":"T. Mount","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2002.993961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.993961","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis in this paper demonstrates that a combination of 1) a forward contact, with fixed price for both base land and peaking power, and 2) a collar option for the number of hot days in a summer is an effective way to reduce the risk of purchasing electricity in a spot market. The main advantages are 1) the effectiveness of price signals is strengthened by making peaking power expensive, and 2) the correlation between payouts from the weather option and high prices is increased.","PeriodicalId":366006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133085071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.994220
M. Christ, R. Krishnan, D. Nagin, O. Gunther
Content-aggregating Web portals such as yahoo.com are becoming increasingly popular. Until recently, many of these Web sites positioned themselves as 'search engines' or 'navigational directories'. However, over time, these sites made the transition to Web portals by incorporating additional features such as news, maps, driving directions, chat rooms, email services, and many others. By doing so, Web portals try to address a variety of needs of Web users. Specifically, portals attract users who prefer to satisfy a variety of individual needs on one site instead of having a variety of Web sites for specific needs. At the individual level, little is known about the degree of portal usage and the characteristics of users that determine portal utilization. We measured Web portal utilization of individuals in the HomeNet project over a period of 18 months and developed demographic profiles of groups with different portal utilization levels. We find that the majority of Web users do not use the additional features Web portals offer. Heavy portal users show specific demographic characteristics. The results have important implications for Internet marketing.
{"title":"Measuring Web portal utilization","authors":"M. Christ, R. Krishnan, D. Nagin, O. Gunther","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2002.994220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994220","url":null,"abstract":"Content-aggregating Web portals such as yahoo.com are becoming increasingly popular. Until recently, many of these Web sites positioned themselves as 'search engines' or 'navigational directories'. However, over time, these sites made the transition to Web portals by incorporating additional features such as news, maps, driving directions, chat rooms, email services, and many others. By doing so, Web portals try to address a variety of needs of Web users. Specifically, portals attract users who prefer to satisfy a variety of individual needs on one site instead of having a variety of Web sites for specific needs. At the individual level, little is known about the degree of portal usage and the characteristics of users that determine portal utilization. We measured Web portal utilization of individuals in the HomeNet project over a period of 18 months and developed demographic profiles of groups with different portal utilization levels. We find that the majority of Web users do not use the additional features Web portals offer. Heavy portal users show specific demographic characteristics. The results have important implications for Internet marketing.","PeriodicalId":366006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127362010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993963
T. Overbye, M. Robinson
As the electricity industry becomes increasingly competitive, knowledge concerning the capacity, constraints and reliability of the electric system will become a commodity of great value. Electricity markets can be fast changing; understanding the implications of these changes before others can give an important competitive advantage. Power systems, however, are characterized by extremely large sets of data that cover spatial, temporal and contingent dimensions. Therefore the focus of this mini-track is on the management and visualization of the information associated with power markets and power systems. This year there were four accepted papers. The first paper, “Visualization and Animation of Inverter-Driven Induction Motor Operations” addresses power system visualization at the component level. Power systems are characterized by devices with many different characteristics and widely varying time frames of response. In some situations, understanding the response of the entire system requires having a detailed knowledge of the individual components. The first paper presents an overview of a component-based virtual power system simulation and visualization environment. The paper then demonstrates these concepts with the example of an inverter-driven induction motor. The second paper, “Real-time Data Retrieval and New Visualization Techniques for the Energy Industry”, moves from a micro to a macro view of the power system. Rather than providing detailed visualizations of the individual components, the second paper presents some innovative methods for providing a visualization of the high level operation of the power grid. The paper makes a very useful contribution in providing some case study results
{"title":"Information management and visualization in electric power systems","authors":"T. Overbye, M. Robinson","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2002.993963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.993963","url":null,"abstract":"As the electricity industry becomes increasingly competitive, knowledge concerning the capacity, constraints and reliability of the electric system will become a commodity of great value. Electricity markets can be fast changing; understanding the implications of these changes before others can give an important competitive advantage. Power systems, however, are characterized by extremely large sets of data that cover spatial, temporal and contingent dimensions. Therefore the focus of this mini-track is on the management and visualization of the information associated with power markets and power systems. This year there were four accepted papers. The first paper, “Visualization and Animation of Inverter-Driven Induction Motor Operations” addresses power system visualization at the component level. Power systems are characterized by devices with many different characteristics and widely varying time frames of response. In some situations, understanding the response of the entire system requires having a detailed knowledge of the individual components. The first paper presents an overview of a component-based virtual power system simulation and visualization environment. The paper then demonstrates these concepts with the example of an inverter-driven induction motor. The second paper, “Real-time Data Retrieval and New Visualization Techniques for the Energy Industry”, moves from a micro to a macro view of the power system. Rather than providing detailed visualizations of the individual components, the second paper presents some innovative methods for providing a visualization of the high level operation of the power grid. The paper makes a very useful contribution in providing some case study results","PeriodicalId":366006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127604146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993966
M. Robinson, R. Podmore, Chris Mosier, Fabiola de la Peña
This paper addresses the computer industry's general inability to develop complex software applications in a manner that promotes easy integration, reusability and low maintenance. Most complex applications are built for a very specific environment and include far too many dependencies, making them difficult to maintain and expensive to integrate. A development methodology known as Abstract Object Modeling is discussed that overcomes this limitation and a simple power application known as a linear powerflow is used as an example. The powerflow is first discussed in terms of a traditional approach, then in terms of the abstract object modeling.
{"title":"Building plug and play power applications using abstract object modeling","authors":"M. Robinson, R. Podmore, Chris Mosier, Fabiola de la Peña","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2002.993966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.993966","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the computer industry's general inability to develop complex software applications in a manner that promotes easy integration, reusability and low maintenance. Most complex applications are built for a very specific environment and include far too many dependencies, making them difficult to maintain and expensive to integrate. A development methodology known as Abstract Object Modeling is discussed that overcomes this limitation and a simple power application known as a linear powerflow is used as an example. The powerflow is first discussed in terms of a traditional approach, then in terms of the abstract object modeling.","PeriodicalId":366006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123032633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993960
D. Wu, P. Kleindorfer, Yanjun Sun LeBow
This paper studies optimal long-term electric power capacity strategies with capacity options. Gencos can sign contracts with Discos, where such contracts take the form of capacity options that may or may not be executed by Discos at some pre-specified maturation date. Capacity not offered in the options market, or for which options by Discos are not executed, can then be offered in the spot market. The purpose of this paper is to derive the optimal capacities for Gencos in the long run, given full knowledge of the short-term equilibria in previous literature. We determine the best response strategies for each Gencos in the game derived from the short-term outcome resulting from capacity decisions. We then characterize the long-run equilibrium and derive an efficient algorithm to compute it, when it exists. This allows us also important insights into the nature of technologies that can survive in the long run.
{"title":"Optimal electric power capacity expansion in the presence of options","authors":"D. Wu, P. Kleindorfer, Yanjun Sun LeBow","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2002.993960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.993960","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies optimal long-term electric power capacity strategies with capacity options. Gencos can sign contracts with Discos, where such contracts take the form of capacity options that may or may not be executed by Discos at some pre-specified maturation date. Capacity not offered in the options market, or for which options by Discos are not executed, can then be offered in the spot market. The purpose of this paper is to derive the optimal capacities for Gencos in the long run, given full knowledge of the short-term equilibria in previous literature. We determine the best response strategies for each Gencos in the game derived from the short-term outcome resulting from capacity decisions. We then characterize the long-run equilibrium and derive an efficient algorithm to compute it, when it exists. This allows us also important insights into the nature of technologies that can survive in the long run.","PeriodicalId":366006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123416851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993851
D. Dufner, Ojoung Kwon, Yong-Tae Park, Qing Peng
The research presented studied thirty-three groups of student volunteers over a period of three weeks while the groups performed a series of teamwork tasks. To investigate the viability of Web-based group support tools for asynchronous learning networks, student volunteers from four widely distributed universities were assigned to one of four experimental conditions. The conditions are; 2 modes of communication (asynchronous vs. synchronous)/spl times/2 support conditions (with CyberCollaboratory support or without). The groups assigned to the different conditions reported significant differences in perceptions of the group problem solving process. The face-to-face groups felt the process was more efficient, coordinated, fair, and satisfying. Those with CyberCollaboratory support thought the process was more confusing and less satisfying. Comments from the students suggest the reason for these results may be a combination of insufficient training time (one week) and a short period (two weeks) for using the tools to accomplish a fairly simple group task. Interaction effects showed that both the asynchronous groups with CyberCollaboratory support and the baseline (face-to face) groups found the problem solving process to be more efficient, coordinated, and fair than did either the asynchronous groups without CyberCollaboratory support or the face-to face groups with CyberCollaboratory support.
{"title":"Asynchronous team support: Perceptions of the group problem solving process when using a CyberCollaboratory","authors":"D. Dufner, Ojoung Kwon, Yong-Tae Park, Qing Peng","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2002.993851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.993851","url":null,"abstract":"The research presented studied thirty-three groups of student volunteers over a period of three weeks while the groups performed a series of teamwork tasks. To investigate the viability of Web-based group support tools for asynchronous learning networks, student volunteers from four widely distributed universities were assigned to one of four experimental conditions. The conditions are; 2 modes of communication (asynchronous vs. synchronous)/spl times/2 support conditions (with CyberCollaboratory support or without). The groups assigned to the different conditions reported significant differences in perceptions of the group problem solving process. The face-to-face groups felt the process was more efficient, coordinated, fair, and satisfying. Those with CyberCollaboratory support thought the process was more confusing and less satisfying. Comments from the students suggest the reason for these results may be a combination of insufficient training time (one week) and a short period (two weeks) for using the tools to accomplish a fairly simple group task. Interaction effects showed that both the asynchronous groups with CyberCollaboratory support and the baseline (face-to face) groups found the problem solving process to be more efficient, coordinated, and fair than did either the asynchronous groups without CyberCollaboratory support or the face-to face groups with CyberCollaboratory support.","PeriodicalId":366006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130543082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.994073
Jon P. Gant, D. Gant
This paper reports the results of a study investigating the role of Web portals in state government electronic service delivery. We describe the functionality of the fifty US state Web portals and examine several factors which explain why some states are have higher functioning web portals than others. We find that the nearly every state Web portal is in the early stages of development. Most state Web portals provide information and access to limited set of government services. However; the level of integration necessary to provide advanced transaction capabilities is not present in most portals. We further find that the strategic IT approach employed by the state and the extent to which the state has adopted e-government friendly laws are key factors in the development of high-functioning state Web portal.
{"title":"Web portal functionality and state government e-service","authors":"Jon P. Gant, D. Gant","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2002.994073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994073","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the results of a study investigating the role of Web portals in state government electronic service delivery. We describe the functionality of the fifty US state Web portals and examine several factors which explain why some states are have higher functioning web portals than others. We find that the nearly every state Web portal is in the early stages of development. Most state Web portals provide information and access to limited set of government services. However; the level of integration necessary to provide advanced transaction capabilities is not present in most portals. We further find that the strategic IT approach employed by the state and the extent to which the state has adopted e-government friendly laws are key factors in the development of high-functioning state Web portal.","PeriodicalId":366006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117001850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993956
R. Kamat, S. Oren
We analyze alternative market designs for a multi-settlement system for electricity in which the resolution of the transmission network model is increased as time approaches real-time, and uncertainty about congestion patterns is resolved. Variations of such systems are implemented or have been proposed in California and other parts of the U.S. We aim to compare welfare implications of such market designs against more centralized single-settlement systems, such as those implemented in the Northeastern control areas of the U.S. We model the multi-settlement system as a two period game and compute subgame perfect Cournot-Nash equilibria for the various market designs.
{"title":"Multi-settlement systems for electricity markets: zonal aggregation under network uncertainty and market power","authors":"R. Kamat, S. Oren","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2002.993956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.993956","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze alternative market designs for a multi-settlement system for electricity in which the resolution of the transmission network model is increased as time approaches real-time, and uncertainty about congestion patterns is resolved. Variations of such systems are implemented or have been proposed in California and other parts of the U.S. We aim to compare welfare implications of such market designs against more centralized single-settlement systems, such as those implemented in the Northeastern control areas of the U.S. We model the multi-settlement system as a two period game and compute subgame perfect Cournot-Nash equilibria for the various market designs.","PeriodicalId":366006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128101100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.994362
N. Iivari, P. Abrahamsson
Usability is a quality characteristic of a software product or system. User-centered design (UCD) is an approach focusing on making systems usable. However, improving the position of UCD is widely recognized as a challenge. This paper reports results from a case study, in which a small software development company was introduced to UCD principles and activities, and thus expected to change their current practice. The paper takes a culture-oriented approach to the analysis. The focus is on the interaction between organizational culture and UCD, organizational culture being conceived as a set of subcultures. The results indicate that there exist differences: 1) in the views of the nature of UCD; 2) in the motives for implementing it; and 3) in the experiences gained and interpretations made of the use of it in relation to each subculture. The implications for the prospective research and practice are discussed.
{"title":"The interaction between organizational subcultures and user-centered design-a case study of an implementation effort","authors":"N. Iivari, P. Abrahamsson","doi":"10.1109/HICSS.2002.994362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2002.994362","url":null,"abstract":"Usability is a quality characteristic of a software product or system. User-centered design (UCD) is an approach focusing on making systems usable. However, improving the position of UCD is widely recognized as a challenge. This paper reports results from a case study, in which a small software development company was introduced to UCD principles and activities, and thus expected to change their current practice. The paper takes a culture-oriented approach to the analysis. The focus is on the interaction between organizational culture and UCD, organizational culture being conceived as a set of subcultures. The results indicate that there exist differences: 1) in the views of the nature of UCD; 2) in the motives for implementing it; and 3) in the experiences gained and interpretations made of the use of it in relation to each subculture. The implications for the prospective research and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":366006,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117247655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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