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Examining criticality of blackouts in power system models with cascading events 具有级联事件的电力系统模型中停电临界性的检验
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993975
I. Dobson, Jie Chen, J. Thorp, B. Carreras, D. Newman
As power system loading increases, larger blackouts due to cascading outages become more likely. The authors investigate a critical loading at which the average size of blackouts increases sharply to examine whether the probability distribution of blackout sizes shows the power tails observed in real blackout data. Three different models are used, including two simulations of cascading outages in electric power transmission systems. They also derive and use a new, analytically solvable model of probabilistic cascading failure which represents the progressive system weakening as the cascade proceeds.
随着电力系统负荷的增加,更有可能发生大规模的停电。作者研究了一个平均停电规模急剧增加的临界负荷,以检验停电规模的概率分布是否显示了在实际停电数据中观察到的功率尾巴。使用了三种不同的模型,其中包括电力传输系统级联停电的两种模拟。他们还推导并使用了一个新的、解析可解的概率级联失效模型,该模型表示系统随着级联的进行而逐渐减弱。
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引用次数: 142
Applying fuzzy relation equations to threat analysis 模糊关系方程在威胁分析中的应用
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993951
A. Berrached, M. Beheshti, A. Korvin, R. Aló
Targeting behavior of vehicles in the battlefield (target analysis) is one of the most critical tasks in computer generated force (CGF) systems. This is simply because of many complex and ambiguous factors that can affect the targeting behavior of such systems in the real world. There have been many approaches including using fuzzy set theory for target analysis. Target detection, and threat analysis and selection are considered the main constituents of target analysis and selection. We introduce a model to illustrate how to apply a fuzzy relational equation algorithm to threat analysis in the context of computer generated force systems such as ModSAF (Modular Semi Automated Forces). Using fuzzy relational equations, the proposed algorithm generates data from the historic information and its earlier runs. Therefore, each new outcome of the algorithm is more realistic and more accurate than the earlier one.
战场上车辆的瞄准行为(目标分析)是计算机生成力量(CGF)系统的关键任务之一。这仅仅是因为在现实世界中有许多复杂和模糊的因素会影响这种系统的目标行为。包括模糊集理论在内的许多方法都被用于目标分析。目标检测和威胁分析与选择是目标分析与选择的主要内容。我们介绍了一个模型来说明如何将模糊关系方程算法应用于计算机生成的力系统(如ModSAF(模块化半自动力))的威胁分析。该算法利用模糊关系方程,从历史信息和早期运行中生成数据。因此,算法的每一个新结果都比之前的结果更真实,更准确。
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引用次数: 13
Privacy and security shield for health information systems (e-Health) 卫生信息系统的隐私和安全防护(电子卫生)
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.994126
M. Ulieru, Dan Ionescu
The objective of this work is to develop a platform supporting the secure and quick deployment of distributed medical applications creating an environment and associated tools for the usage of medical personnel in their interaction with patients. We adopted the electronic health record (EHR) architecture blueprint as developed by Canada Health Infoway, which proposes Web service technology as an integration platform. We developed this environment for distributed and collaborative use by selected medical personnel using the combination of communication networks such as the Ca*net 4, ORION, NETERAnet and NCIT*net. This intelligent platform will enable the mining, retrieval, modification, management, and synchronization of various databases used by doctors in handling data in regards to patients and their illnesses, and last but not least, will examine and provide the security requirements associated with Web services in the context of e-Health applications.
这项工作的目标是开发一个支持安全快速部署分布式医疗应用程序的平台,为医务人员与患者互动创建一个环境和相关工具。我们采用了由Canada health Infoway开发的电子健康记录(EHR)架构蓝图,该蓝图提出将Web服务技术作为集成平台。我们开发了这种环境,供选定的医务人员使用分布式和协作使用,使用通信网络的组合,如Ca*net 4、ORION、netanet和NCIT*net。这个智能平台将能够挖掘、检索、修改、管理和同步医生在处理与病人及其疾病有关的数据时使用的各种数据库,最后但并非最不重要的是,将检查并提供与电子卫生应用程序上下文中的Web服务相关的安全需求。
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引用次数: 12
Self-organizing criticality 自组织临界性
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993974
B. Lesieutre
Complex Systems with characteristics of Self-Organizing Criticality (SOC) or HighlyOptimized Tolerance (HOT) exhibit events of all sizes, typically with a frequency of occurence described by a heavy-tailed distribution. Some large physical systems, such as the electric power grid, have failure statistics consistent with event statistics of SOC and HOT systems. This suggests that large-scale failures are not anomalies but should be expected as infrequent, dramatic events. The papers in this minitrack examine network models and properties that characterize complex behavior in large networks.
具有自组织临界性(SOC)或高度优化容忍度(HOT)特征的复杂系统表现出各种规模的事件,通常以重尾分布描述发生频率。一些大型物理系统,如电网,其故障统计与SOC和HOT系统的事件统计一致。这表明,大规模的故障不是异常现象,而应被视为罕见的戏剧性事件。这篇论文探讨了大型网络中表征复杂行为的网络模型和属性。
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引用次数: 27
Wireless mobile collaboration 无线移动协作
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993945
J. Valacich, L. M. Jessup
The focus of this new mini-track is on the rapidly changing and evolving use of wireless mobile computing technologies for human-to-human and human-to-machine collaboration. This mini-track is intended to provide a forum for reporting the results of research focusing on system and application development and technology usage as well as the reporting of user adoption, deployment, acceptance, and diffusion among academicians and practitioners in the computer-based system sciences. As such, the wireless mobile collaboration mini-track focuses on the conceptual design, implementation, use, and evaluation of wireless mobile computing technologies in controlled, organizational and broader societal settings. We include four papers to be presented as part of this new mini-track on mobile wireless collaboration. The first paper is by Khalifa and Cheng and is titled, "Adoption of Mobile Commerce: Role of Exposure. In this paper the authors develop and empirically test a model for explaining the role of exposure to mobile technology in the adoption of mobile commerce. The results show exposure has both indirect and moderating effects on the intention of adopting mobile commerce. The second paper is by Urbaczewski, Wells, Koivisto, and Sarker, and is titled, "Cultural Differences in Creating the Global Mobile Internet: A Theoretical Basis and Program of Research." In that paper the authors discuss mobile e-commerce and the role that culture plays in its globalization. They then pose a series of interesting research questions, existing theories suitable for studying these questions, and a proposed program of related research. The third paper is by Marsic, Krebs, Dorohonceanu, and Tremaine, and is titled, "Designing and Examining PC to Palm Collaboration." In this paper the authors describe an architecture for managing displays across multiple mobile computing platforms. They then operationalize this architecture in a collaboration system and experiment with its use across different platforms, with interesting results. The fourth paper is by Okoli, Ives, Jessup, and Valacich, and is titled, "The Mobile Conference Information System: Unleashing Academic Conferences with Wireless Mobile Computing." In this paper the authors provide a vision for how a mobile, wireless platform could be used to support and extend academic conferences. Perhaps one day soon we will see HICSS or some other such conference run in this way. In any event, we hope you enjoy these papers and that they prompt you to consider conducting research in this new and exciting area.
这个新的迷你轨道的重点是快速变化和发展的无线移动计算技术的使用,用于人与人之间和人与人之间的协作。这个迷你轨道旨在提供一个论坛,报告系统和应用程序开发和技术使用的研究结果,以及报告基于计算机的系统科学的学者和实践者之间的用户采用、部署、接受和传播。因此,无线移动协作迷你轨道关注无线移动计算技术在受控、组织和更广泛的社会环境中的概念设计、实现、使用和评估。我们将包括四篇论文,作为这个关于移动无线协作的新迷你轨道的一部分。第一篇论文由Khalifa和Cheng撰写,题目是“采用移动商务:曝光的作用”。在本文中,作者开发并实证检验了一个模型,用于解释接触移动技术在采用移动商务中的作用。结果表明,曝光对采用移动商务的意愿既有间接影响,也有调节作用。第二篇论文由Urbaczewski、Wells、Koivisto和Sarker合著,题为“创建全球移动互联网的文化差异:理论基础和研究计划”。在这篇论文中,作者讨论了移动电子商务以及文化在其全球化中所扮演的角色。然后,他们提出了一系列有趣的研究问题,现有的理论适用于研究这些问题,并提出了相关的研究计划。第三篇论文是由Marsic, Krebs, Dorohonceanu和Tremaine撰写的,题目是“设计和检验PC到Palm的协作”。在本文中,作者描述了一种跨多个移动计算平台管理显示的体系结构。然后,他们在协作系统中操作这个体系结构,并在不同的平台上使用它进行实验,得到有趣的结果。第四篇论文是由Okoli、Ives、Jessup和Valacich撰写的,题目是“移动会议信息系统:用无线移动计算释放学术会议”。在这篇论文中,作者提供了一个如何使用移动无线平台来支持和扩展学术会议的愿景。也许不久的将来,我们会看到HICSS或其他类似的会议以这种方式运行。无论如何,我们希望您喜欢这些论文,并希望它们能促使您考虑在这个令人兴奋的新领域进行研究。
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引用次数: 0
Barriers to a wide-area trusted network early warning system for electric power disturbances 广域可信网络电力干扰预警系统的障碍
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993969
P. Oman, Jeffrey B. Roberts
It is apparent that perturbations of the North American electric power grid follow the patterns and characteristics of Self Organized Critical (SOC) systems. Published studies show SOC systems exhibit statistical properties that may result in early warning systems predicting electric power instability and loss of reliability. However, in order for such an early warning system to exist, a trusted wide-area data network must collate information from disparate subsystems and compile that information into homogenous data records for input to a modeling system. This paper explores similarities between wide-area trusted computer networks and the needs of a wide-area trusted network early warning system for electric power instability. An analysis of commercial equipment used in power stations uncovers disparate access methods and protocols that inhibit interoperability, and yet that problem has been mitigated in computer networking. Recent advances lend hope that wide-area data collection and modeling of electric power system perturbations will be commonplace in the not to distant future.
很明显,北美电网的扰动遵循自组织临界系统(SOC)的模式和特征。已发表的研究表明,SOC系统具有统计特性,可能导致早期预警系统预测电力不稳定和可靠性损失。然而,为了使这样的早期预警系统存在,可信的广域数据网络必须整理来自不同子系统的信息,并将这些信息编译成同质的数据记录,以便输入到建模系统中。本文探讨了广域可信计算机网络与广域可信网络电力不稳定预警系统的需求之间的相似性。一项对电站商用设备的分析发现,不同的访问方法和协议抑制了互操作性,然而这个问题在计算机网络中已经得到缓解。最近的进展给人们带来了希望:在不久的将来,广域数据收集和电力系统扰动建模将变得司空见惯。
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引用次数: 10
A neural clustering approach to iso-resource grouping for acute healthcare in Australia 神经聚类方法等资源分组为急性保健在澳大利亚
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.994125
Eu-Gene Siew, K. Smith‐Miles, L. Churilov, M. Ibrahim
Knowledge about resource consumption and utilisation is vital in modern healthcare environments. In order to manage both human and material resources efficiently, a typical approach is to group the patients based on common characteristics. The most widely used approach is driven by the Case Mix funding formula, namely to classify patients according to diagnostic related groups (DRGs). Although it is clinically meaningful, our experience suggests that DRG groupings do not necessarily present a sound basis for relevant knowledge generation. We propose an alternative grouping of the patients based on a neural clustering approach, which generates homogeneous groups of patients with similar resource utilisation characteristics. Demographic information is used to generate the clusters, which reveal interesting differences in resource utilisation patterns. A detailed case study is presented to demonstrate the quality of knowledge generated by this process. The proposed approach can therefore be seen as an evidence-based predictive tool with high knowledge generation capabilities.
关于资源消耗和利用的知识在现代医疗环境中至关重要。为了有效地管理人力和物力资源,一种典型的方法是根据共同特征对患者进行分组。使用最广泛的方法是由病例组合供资公式驱动的,即根据诊断相关组(drg)对患者进行分类。虽然它具有临床意义,但我们的经验表明,DRG分组并不一定为相关知识的产生提供可靠的基础。我们提出了一种基于神经聚类方法的患者替代分组,该方法生成具有相似资源利用特征的同质患者组。人口统计信息用于生成集群,这些集群揭示了资源利用模式中有趣的差异。通过一个详细的案例研究来证明这个过程所产生的知识的质量。因此,所提出的方法可以被视为具有高知识生成能力的循证预测工具。
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引用次数: 6
Mobility: an extended perspective 移动性:一个扩展的视角
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.994088
Masao Kakihara, C. Sørensen
The emergence and convergence of information and communication technologies (ICTs) are fundamentally transforming the use of technology, and in particular concerning the issues of mobility. The current debates on mobility, however, almost exclusively consist of functionalist analyses of how particular mobile technologies can alleviate geographical barriers for human activity. This paper reconsiders, from a theoretical perspective, the concept of mobility. We argue that mobility should not exclusively be linked to human corporeal travel. The concept also relates more broadly to the interaction people perform. In order to appreciate the relationship between mobility and human interaction, three interrelated dimensions are discussed-spatial, temporal, and contextual aspects of mobility. In order to characterize the social topology of ICT supported mobilized interaction, we suggest and discuss the adoption of a fluid metaphor. Based on these discussions, a case of a new mobile technology system introduced in a Japanese distribution service firm is discussed.
信息通信技术(ict)的出现和融合正在从根本上改变技术的使用方式,特别是在移动问题上。然而,目前关于移动性的争论几乎完全是由功能主义分析组成的,即特定的移动技术如何减轻人类活动的地理障碍。本文从理论的角度重新思考流动性的概念。我们认为,流动性不应该只与人类的身体旅行联系在一起。这个概念也更广泛地与人们的互动有关。为了理解流动性和人类互动之间的关系,本文讨论了流动性的三个相关维度——空间、时间和语境方面。为了表征ICT支持的动员互动的社会拓扑结构,我们建议并讨论了采用流动隐喻。在此基础上,以日本某配送服务公司为例,介绍了一种新的移动技术系统。
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引用次数: 294
Towards integrating hypermedia on the Web 在Web上集成超媒体
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.994213
Chao-Min Chiu, M. Bieber, Qiang Lu
A major goal of this research is to present a framework for discussing issues and questions around Web Information Systems (WIS). WIS dynamically generate their contents, and thus require some mechanism to automatically infer metadata about WIS objects, infer access to relationships (i.e., links) among information objects, and provide hypermedia functionality such as annotation and ad hoc (user-declared) linking. The framework focuses on integrating information systems into the Web and providing hypermedia functionality to them. This should result in new ways to view and manage the WIS' knowledge and information relationships. The framework has three layers: interface, integration and infrastructure. The interface layer highlights the importance of designing Web interfaces appropriate for system functionality. The integration layer concerns integrating information systems, hypermedia support and inter-application interoperability. The infrastructure layer concerns using the Internet and Web technologies to support interoperability, hypermedia, and overall development at the integration layer. This framework should help system developers think more fully about their designs.
本研究的一个主要目标是提出一个框架,用于讨论有关Web信息系统(WIS)的问题。WIS动态地生成它们的内容,因此需要一些机制来自动推断关于WIS对象的元数据,推断对信息对象之间的关系(即链接)的访问,并提供超媒体功能,如注释和特别(用户声明的)链接。该框架的重点是将信息系统集成到Web中,并为它们提供超媒体功能。这将产生查看和管理WIS的知识和信息关系的新方法。该框架有三层:接口、集成和基础设施。接口层强调了设计适合系统功能的Web接口的重要性。集成层涉及集成信息系统、超媒体支持和应用程序间互操作性。基础设施层关注使用Internet和Web技术来支持集成层的互操作性、超媒体和整体开发。这个框架应该帮助系统开发人员更全面地考虑他们的设计。
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引用次数: 3
INFOFLOW - a process oriented workflow and information system for micro system development and production 一个面向过程的工作流和信息系统,用于微系统的开发和生产
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.994226
M. Dickerhof, P. Jakobs, A. Schmidt
The following paper presents a modular; groupware- and workflow based System called INFOFLOW. The system was designed to meet the requirements of a DIN EN ISO 9000 certified development and pre production plant. As a compromise between usage of standard software and a complete custom solution it is partly based oh Microsoft Standard Office Software to increase end-uses acceptance, supplemented by plugins and a self developed workflow engine, controlling the production flow, esp. exception handling and distributing relevant information between the several clients. INFOFLOW's engine especially supports exception handling like activity related, predefined rework sequences or handling the scrapping of damaged parts. The system integrates workflow and information technology providing the uses with relevant activity and order related information elements The user interfaces are realized as electronic forms, embedded in Microsoft's Outlook Web Access as public information store folders, representing the activities or People involved in the production process. These Web applications, called "electronic worklists" are created and distributed by the workflow engine. A mechanism to easily create and integrate user defined input forms allows the customization of the user front ends.
下面的论文提出了一个模块化;基于群件和工作流的系统称为INFOFLOW。该系统旨在满足DIN EN ISO 9000认证的开发和预生产工厂的要求。作为使用标准软件和完整定制解决方案之间的妥协,它部分基于微软标准办公软件,以提高最终用户的接受度,辅以插件和自开发的工作流引擎,控制生产流程,特别是异常处理和在多个客户端之间分发相关信息。INFOFLOW的引擎特别支持异常处理,比如与活动相关的、预定义的返工序列或处理损坏部件的报废。该系统集成了工作流和信息技术,为用户提供了相关的活动和订单相关的信息元素,用户界面以电子表格的形式实现,作为公共信息存储文件夹嵌入到Microsoft的Outlook Web Access中,代表了参与生产过程的活动或人员。这些被称为“电子工作列表”的Web应用程序由工作流引擎创建和分发。一种轻松创建和集成用户定义输入表单的机制允许自定义用户前端。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
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