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Summer 2001 northeast load response initiatives' reliability impacts 2001年夏季东北负荷响应措施对可靠性的影响
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993959
P. A. Fedora
This paper reviews the reliability impacts occurring from the implementation of the demand response initiatives offered in New York's Emergency Demand Response Program (EDRP) and New England's Load Response Program (LRP) for the summer of 2001. The New York Independent System Operator, Inc. (NYISO), the New England Power Pool (NEPOOL) and the Independent System Operator of New England Inc. (ISO-NE) have developed and implemented a diverse portfolio of demand reduction programs designed to allow customers to avoid higher energy costs and reduce their load in response to wholesale energy prices.
本文回顾了2001年夏季纽约紧急需求响应计划(EDRP)和新英格兰负荷响应计划(LRP)中需求响应举措的实施对可靠性的影响。纽约独立系统运营商公司(NYISO)、新英格兰电力池公司(NEPOOL)和新英格兰独立系统运营商公司(ISO-NE)已经开发并实施了多样化的需求减少计划组合,旨在让客户避免更高的能源成本,并根据批发能源价格降低负荷。
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引用次数: 4
Dynamics, criticality and self-organization in a model for blackouts in power transmission systems 输电系统停电模型的动力学、临界性和自组织
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993976
B. Carreras, V. Lynch, I. Dobson, D. Newman
A model has been developed to study the global complex dynamics of a series of blackouts in power transmission systems. This model included a simple level of self-organization by incorporating the growth of power demand and the engineering response to system failures. Two types of blackouts have been identified with different dynamical properties. One type of blackout involves loss of load due to lines reaching their load limits but no line outages. The second type of blackout is associated with multiple line outages. The dominance of one type of blackouts versus the other depends on operational conditions and the proximity of the system to one of its two critical points. The first critical point is characterized by operation with lines close to their line limits. The second critical point is characterized by the maximum in the fluctuations of the load demand being near the generator margin capability. The identification of this second critical point is an indication that the increase of the generator capability as a response to the increase of the load demand must be included in the dynamical model to achieve a higher degree of self-organization. When this is done, the model shows a probability distribution of blackout sizes with power tails similar to that observed in real blackout data,from North America.
建立了输电系统一系列停电的全局复杂动力学模型。该模型通过结合电力需求的增长和系统故障的工程响应,包括一个简单的自组织水平。已经确定了两种类型的停电具有不同的动态特性。一种类型的停电涉及由于线路达到其负载限制而导致的负载损失,但没有线路中断。第二种类型的停电与多线路中断有关。一种类型的停电相对于另一种类型的优势取决于运行条件和系统接近其两个临界点之一。第一个临界点的特点是线的操作接近其线的极限。第二个临界点的特点是负荷需求波动的最大值接近发电机的裕度能力。第二个临界点的确定表明,发电机能力的增加作为对负荷需求增加的响应必须包含在动态模型中,以实现更高程度的自组织。当这样做时,该模型显示了停电规模的概率分布,其功率尾部与在北美实际停电数据中观察到的相似。
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引用次数: 74
Co-ordination concept for an innovative rail road concept 协调概念为创新的铁路道路概念
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993953
W. Dangelmaier, M. Fahrentholz, B. Mueck
The project "Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn" (NBP) deals with the development of an innovative railroad concept. It envisions short autonomously guided shuttles which are completely automated and even make decisions, for e.g. starting only if there is a need. Furthermore, the shuttles use the existing rails without differentiating between suburban and long-distance traffic. Thus the passengers needn't change trains during their journey. To save energy while driving, the shuttles unite to form convoys. The question is whether it is clever to build a convoy or if the convoy contributes to energy conservation. Afterwards the shuttles have to initiate the integration, to find each other and to execute convoy formation. For these procedures it must be declared for how long the shuttles join the convoy, how they find each other and how they exchange information. In particular, the question of which routes and for which average utilisation a convoy formation makes sense must be asked. The article supplies some answeres concerning the conditions for meaningful convoy travel and how communication between shuttles can be activated and realised.
“Neue Bahntechnik Paderborn”(NBP)项目涉及创新铁路概念的发展。它设想了一种完全自动化的短自动驾驶穿梭车,甚至可以做出决定,例如,只有在有需要的时候才开始。此外,穿梭巴士使用现有轨道,不区分郊区和长途交通。因此,乘客在旅途中不必换车。为了在驾驶时节省能源,这些穿梭车联合起来组成车队。问题是,建造车队是否明智,或者车队是否有助于节约能源。之后航天飞机必须启动整合,找到彼此并执行护航编队。对于这些程序,必须声明航天飞机加入车队的时间,它们如何找到彼此以及它们如何交换信息。特别是,必须问哪些路线和车队编队的平均利用率有意义的问题。本文就有意义的车队旅行的条件以及如何激活和实现班车之间的通信提供了一些答案。
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引用次数: 0
A holistic approach for providing security solutions in e-government 为电子政府提供保安解决方案的整体方法
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.994083
M. Wimmer, B. Bredow
E-government is now at a stage where effective and secure online transaction services have to be provided, yet initial security is primarily technical. Many technical concepts and tools have been developed in the scope of e-commerce. Applying these to the scope of e-government needs careful investigations. Security aspects do not, however, only concern technical aspects. The particular security needs of e-government must also be established from a non-technical viewpoint, and differentiated from the scope of e-commerce. This presents a unique challenge regarding processes, judicial factors and strategies. In this contribution, we suggest a holistic concept that integrates security aspects from the strategic level down to the data and information level in order to address different security aspects in a comprehensive way.
电子政务目前正处于必须提供有效和安全的网上交易服务的阶段,但最初的安全主要是技术上的。在电子商务领域已经开发了许多技术概念和工具。将这些应用到电子政务的范围需要仔细的调查。然而,安全方面并不仅仅涉及技术方面。电子政务的特殊安全需求也必须从非技术的角度加以确立,并与电子商务的范围加以区分。这对程序、司法因素和战略提出了独特的挑战。在这篇文章中,我们提出了一个整体概念,将安全方面从战略层面集成到数据和信息层面,以便以综合的方式解决不同的安全方面。
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引用次数: 58
Correlates of effectiveness of learning networks: the effects of course level, course type, and gender on outcomes 学习网络有效性的相关因素:课程水平、课程类型和性别对结果的影响
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993855
R. Benbunan-Fich, S. R. Hiltz
Data for almost 2000 students allow us to contrast leaning outcomes for courses in three different modes of delivery (completely online, mixed, and completely on campus). The analyses are based on three different factors: course level (graduate vs. undergraduate), course type (more technical computer science and engineering courses vs. less technical courses in CIS, humanities, and management), and gender. In terms of final grades, we found that online students achieved higher grades than those in face-to-face (FtF) courses did. However, the perception of leaning was similar across conditions. We also found a significant interaction between mode and course level: graduate students in mixed mode courses reported the highest levels of perceived leaning. The results of the study enable us to further generalize the finding that ALN modes of delivery tend to produce results equal to or better than those for FtF modes of course delivery.
近2000名学生的数据使我们能够对比三种不同授课模式(完全在线、混合授课和完全在校授课)的课程学习效果。这些分析基于三个不同的因素:课程水平(研究生vs本科生)、课程类型(更多的计算机科学和工程技术课程vs较少的CIS、人文学科和管理学课程)和性别。就期末成绩而言,我们发现在线学生的成绩高于面对面课程的学生。然而,在不同的条件下,学习的感觉是相似的。我们还发现模式和课程水平之间存在显著的相互作用:在混合模式课程中,研究生报告的感知学习水平最高。本研究的结果使我们能够进一步推广这一发现,即ALN授课模式往往产生等同于或优于FtF授课模式的结果。
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引用次数: 38
Embedded facilitation requirements using The Skilled Facilitator approach: with and across time and space 使用熟练引导者方法的嵌入式促进要求:跨越时间和空间
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993935
M. Adkins, R. Schwarz
The Skilled Facilitator (TSF) approach is a proven theory-based method to increase group effectiveness in a face-to face interaction. The last decade and a half (1987-2002) has seen group support systems such as GroupSystems emerge as tools to produce superior outputs with large groups. Combining TSF approach with GroupsSystems should enable large groups to produce high quality decisions quickly. Using a GSS will allow TSF to be used with large distributed groups working twenty four hours a day, seven days a week. After facilitating several meetings together, the authors have determined that a set of embedded facilitation tools are required to combine TSF approach with GSS.
熟练引导者(TSF)方法是一种经过验证的基于理论的方法,可以提高面对面互动中的团队效率。在过去的15年(1987-2002年),出现了诸如GroupSystems之类的群体支持系统,这些系统作为与大群体一起产生卓越产出的工具。将TSF方法与GroupsSystems相结合,将使大型团队能够快速产生高质量的决策。使用GSS将使TSF能够用于每周7天、每天24小时工作的大型分布式团队。在共同推动了几次会议之后,作者确定需要一套嵌入式促进工具来将TSF方法与GSS结合起来。
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引用次数: 7
Can collaborative technologies break social barriers? 协作技术能打破社会障碍吗?
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993862
N. Rahmati
This research examines the impact of collaborative technologies on group work processes for groups from Malaysia, which is traditionally known as a society with high Collectivism and Power Distance. The present study included two parts. The first part compared the supported groupwork of the groups from Malaysia as a representative of the 'East' culture with the supported groupwork of groups from Australia as a representative of the 'West' culture. The second part compared the supported and unsupported groupwork for groups from Malaysia. The first part used three different tasks with different degrees of structure and examined the possibility of observation of the cultural differences based on the qualitative analysis of the groupwork discussions in a supported environment. The second part examined the impact of GSS on groupwork for groups from Malaysia. The study used a qualitative content analysis to reveal the cultural values involved in their group work processes. The findings suggest a clear difference between the groupwork conducted in two different groupwork environments (supported and unsupported).
本研究考察了协作技术对马来西亚群体工作流程的影响,马来西亚传统上被认为是一个具有高度集体主义和权力距离的社会。本研究包括两个部分。第一部分比较了作为“东方”文化代表的马来西亚团体的支持小组与作为“西方”文化代表的澳大利亚团体的支持小组。第二部分比较了来自马来西亚的团体的支持和不支持的小组工作。第一部分使用了三种不同结构程度的不同任务,并在对支持环境中的小组讨论进行定性分析的基础上,检验了观察文化差异的可能性。第二部分研究了GSS对来自马来西亚的小组工作的影响。该研究使用定性内容分析来揭示他们的团队工作过程中涉及的文化价值观。研究结果表明,在两种不同的小组工作环境(支持和不支持)中进行的小组工作存在明显差异。
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引用次数: 2
Mobile commerce decision technologies for management track 移动商务管理决策技术的跟踪
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.994010
C. Carlsson, P. Walden, J. Veijalainen
Mobile commerce is an emerging field in its early stages, but there are a number of ideas of what is going to constitute the key success factors for the actors in the global mcommerce arena. This arena is already growing diversified with a number of application areas, which are growing in different directions and at different paces. We understand already that B2B, B2E, B2C and P2P will produce rather different types of applications, because the propositions for value-added products and services are quite different. This is probably one of the reasons why the hunt for the “mobile commerce killer applications” has been in vain so far. The applications in B2B and B2E share some value propositions. The key motivation for inter-business applications is to improve the effectiveness and the productivity of the interaction between corporations, companies, business units, etc. and through this interaction process to find new forms of joint/shared products and services, and to find new technological solutions for the corresponding production processes with the mobile technologies. In the B2E applications effectiveness and productivity are worked on for both groups/teams and individuals and mobile systems solutions are focused on (i) boosting mobile worker productivity, (ii) simplifying administrative processes, and (iii) building competitive advantage through simpler and more effective team-work. It is expected that the support technology for these applications will be built around intelligent or smart technologies.
移动商务是一个处于早期阶段的新兴领域,但对于全球移动商务领域的参与者来说,成功的关键因素有很多想法。这个领域已经变得多样化,有许多应用领域,它们正在以不同的方向和速度增长。我们已经明白,B2B、B2E、B2C和P2P将产生相当不同类型的应用程序,因为增值产品和服务的主张是完全不同的。这可能是迄今为止寻找“移动商务杀手级应用程序”一直徒劳无功的原因之一。B2B和B2E中的应用程序共享一些价值主张。跨业务应用的关键动机是提高企业、公司、业务单位等之间交互的有效性和生产力,并通过这种交互过程找到联合/共享产品和服务的新形式,并利用移动技术为相应的生产过程找到新的技术解决方案。在B2E应用程序中,团队和个人都致力于提高效率和生产力,移动系统解决方案侧重于(i)提高移动工作者的生产力,(ii)简化行政流程,以及(iii)通过更简单和更有效的团队合作建立竞争优势。预计这些应用的支持技术将围绕智能或智能技术构建。
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引用次数: 4
An activity theory approach for studying the situatedness of knowledge sharing 知识共享情境性研究的活动理论方法
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.994017
N. Boer, P. V. Baalen, Kuldeep Kumar
This paper proposes a methodology that enables to describe and analyze the situatedness of knowledge sharing within and between different organizational settings. By taking an activity system as the unit of analysis, an organizational setting within which knowledge sharing takes place can be described according to its emergent object of activity and its mediation of language and technologies, social rules and division of labor. Tensions and breakdowns, being inextricable aspects of activity systems, are consequently used as points of reference for studying knowledge sharing as an empirical phenomenon. By adopting an activity theory approach, the situated nature of the knowledge sharing process is stressed and a systemic analysis is ensured. Furthermore, the processual character of knowledge sharing is emphasized and the temporal interconnectedness is taken into account explicitly.
本文提出了一种能够描述和分析不同组织设置内部和之间知识共享情境性的方法。以活动系统为分析单元,可以根据其活动的突现对象及其对语言和技术、社会规则和劳动分工的中介作用来描述发生知识共享的组织设置。紧张和崩溃是活动系统中不可分割的方面,因此被用作研究作为经验现象的知识共享的参考点。采用活动理论的方法,强调了知识共享过程的情境性,保证了对知识共享过程的系统分析。进一步强调了知识共享的过程特征,并明确地考虑了知识共享的时间关联性。
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引用次数: 88
Nash strategies for load serving entities in dynamic energy multi-markets 动态能源多市场中负荷服务主体的纳什策略
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993955
J. B. Cruz, A. Kian
In this paper the problem of developing bidding strategies for the participants of dynamic energy-multi markets is studied. Attention is given to strategic bidding of load serving entities (LSE) in these markets. We model energy multi-markets as non-linear dynamical systems and use discrete-time Nash bidding strategies. Attention is given to a problem, where the objective functions are quadratic in the deviations of trajectories from desired trajectories and quadratic in the control deviations from the nominal controls. It is assumed that each power marketer can estimate his/her competitors' benefit functions and their minimum and maximum values. The optimal bidding strategies are developed mathematically using dynamic game theory. We deal with games that are non-linear in the state equations. We linearize these equations for complex non-linear energy multi-markets and use discrete-time Nash strategies. We show that the actual dynamic excursions from the operating point where we linearize are small so that the linearization is valid. The developed algorithm is applied to an IEEE 14-bus power system for two cases: (1) No transmission capacity constraints, (2) Transmission capacity limit constraints on two groups of transmission lines. We show that the LSEs' expected profits are higher for our method than those for other methods in the literature.
本文研究了动态能源多元市场参与者的竞价策略制定问题。在这些市场中,对负荷服务实体(LSE)的战略投标给予了关注。我们将能源多市场建模为非线性动态系统,并采用离散时间纳什竞价策略。注意到一个问题,其中目标函数的轨迹偏离期望轨迹是二次的,控制偏离标称控制是二次的。假设每个电力营销人员可以估计其竞争对手的利益函数及其最小值和最大值。运用动态博弈论对最优竞价策略进行数学推导。我们处理的是状态方程中的非线性博弈。对于复杂的非线性能源多市场,我们将这些方程线性化,并使用离散时间纳什策略。我们证明了从我们线性化的工作点出发的实际动态偏移很小,因此线性化是有效的。将该算法应用于一个IEEE 14总线电力系统中,有两种情况:(1)无传输容量约束;(2)两组传输线的传输容量限制约束。我们表明,我们的方法比文献中其他方法的预期利润更高。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
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