The process of digitization has proven to be a boon for researchers, and especially for historians, because producing a digitized record of a thing allows researchers anywhere in the world to have access to artefacts. Digitization is especially important for mass communication researchers studying issues surrounding news. Digitization of news publications enables researchers to conduct word, phrase or other thematic searches using appropriate software. But where content has not been digitized, researchers must undertake cumbersome searches by physically reading through the original documents or some analogue record, like microfiche, and then they are limited by the assiduity of themselves, their teams and by the degradation of the originals as they age. Researchers in Australia are considerably assisted by the existence of the Trove database, which has digitized the content of Australian newspapers up to the end of 1954. The National Library of Australia considers Australian copyright law, which says content must be at least 70 years old, limits what may be digitized. Researchers who want to look at more recent news content must do so via state libraries’ microfiche records, limiting access. To make access equitable and democratic, Trove should digitize newspaper content into the twenty-first century.
{"title":"Trove: Still a buried treasure","authors":"Kerry Green, Candice Green","doi":"10.1386/ajr_00145_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00145_7","url":null,"abstract":"The process of digitization has proven to be a boon for researchers, and especially for historians, because producing a digitized record of a thing allows researchers anywhere in the world to have access to artefacts. Digitization is especially important for mass communication researchers studying issues surrounding news. Digitization of news publications enables researchers to conduct word, phrase or other thematic searches using appropriate software. But where content has not been digitized, researchers must undertake cumbersome searches by physically reading through the original documents or some analogue record, like microfiche, and then they are limited by the assiduity of themselves, their teams and by the degradation of the originals as they age. Researchers in Australia are considerably assisted by the existence of the Trove database, which has digitized the content of Australian newspapers up to the end of 1954. The National Library of Australia considers Australian copyright law, which says content must be at least 70 years old, limits what may be digitized. Researchers who want to look at more recent news content must do so via state libraries’ microfiche records, limiting access. To make access equitable and democratic, Trove should digitize newspaper content into the twenty-first century.","PeriodicalId":36614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journalism Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141405896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: The Journalist’s Predicament: Difficult Choices in a Declining Profession, Matthew Powers and Sandra Vera-Zambrano (2023) New York: Columbia University Press, 320 pp., ISBN 978-0-23120-791-1, p/bk, USD 35 ISBN 978-0-23120-790-4, h/bk, USD 140 ISBN 978-0-23155-717-7, e-book, USD 34.99
回顾：记者的困境：马修-鲍尔斯（Matthew Powers）和桑德拉-维拉-赞布拉诺（Sandra Vera-Zambrano）（2023 年），纽约：哥伦比亚大学出版社，320 页，ISBN 978-0-23120-791-1，平装本，35 美元 ISBN 978-0-23120-790-4，合订本，140 美元 ISBN 978-0-23155-717-7，电子书，34.99 美元
{"title":"The Journalist’s Predicament: Difficult Choices in a Declining Profession, Matthew Powers and Sandra Vera-Zambrano (2023)","authors":"C. Giotis","doi":"10.1386/ajr_00153_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00153_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: The Journalist’s Predicament: Difficult Choices in a Declining Profession, Matthew Powers and Sandra Vera-Zambrano (2023)\u0000 New York: Columbia University Press, 320 pp.,\u0000 ISBN 978-0-23120-791-1, p/bk, USD 35\u0000 ISBN 978-0-23120-790-4, h/bk, USD 140\u0000 ISBN 978-0-23155-717-7, e-book, USD 34.99","PeriodicalId":36614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journalism Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141398513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Fisher, Kieran McGuinness, Sora Park, J. Lee
Impartiality has been a core ideal of traditional journalism, and one that audiences say they want the news media to uphold. However, generational shifts in news consumption and attitudes towards news, combined with evolving media technologies, are changing audience expectations around the traditional separation of impartial news from opinion. Drawing on the Digital News Report: Australia 2022, this article finds audiences generally prefer journalists to stick to reporting while on social media and refrain from expressing their opinions. However, there are significant differences based on age, education, political orientation, news motivation and if they pay for news. The data shows that under 35s, well-educated, left leaning and paying news consumers are the most supportive of journalists expressing their personal views while on social media. Through the lens of Expectancy Violation Theory this article highlights the impact of growing up with digital technologies on audience expectations of normative journalistic practice and the tensions this creates for the news industry which is facing ongoing economic pressures.
{"title":"Younger audience perceptions of journalists on social media","authors":"Caroline Fisher, Kieran McGuinness, Sora Park, J. Lee","doi":"10.1386/ajr_00147_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00147_1","url":null,"abstract":"Impartiality has been a core ideal of traditional journalism, and one that audiences say they want the news media to uphold. However, generational shifts in news consumption and attitudes towards news, combined with evolving media technologies, are changing audience expectations around the traditional separation of impartial news from opinion. Drawing on the Digital News Report: Australia 2022, this article finds audiences generally prefer journalists to stick to reporting while on social media and refrain from expressing their opinions. However, there are significant differences based on age, education, political orientation, news motivation and if they pay for news. The data shows that under 35s, well-educated, left leaning and paying news consumers are the most supportive of journalists expressing their personal views while on social media. Through the lens of Expectancy Violation Theory this article highlights the impact of growing up with digital technologies on audience expectations of normative journalistic practice and the tensions this creates for the news industry which is facing ongoing economic pressures.","PeriodicalId":36614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journalism Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141389648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Media coverage of spinal cord injury (SCI) is usually framed as a tragedy or inspiration. This has a negative impact on people with SCI. To understand why these frames persist, this study conducted qualitative interviews with journalists and sources to explore factors that influence media coverage of SCI. Using media agenda-building theory, study findings suggest journalists and sources involved in SCI news media rely on the same traditional news values and routinized newswork practices. Access to people with SCI is valued by journalists, however, facilitated by sources who have their own organizational motives. Some sources opt to bypass mass media altogether. This cycle of media agenda-building practices feeds into engrained traditional news values and potentially prevents progressive stories from being told.
{"title":"Caught in a cycle: Agenda-building practices of journalists and sources in spinal cord injury news media coverage","authors":"Leanne Rees, Merryn Sherwood, Nora Shields","doi":"10.1386/ajr_00150_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00150_1","url":null,"abstract":"Media coverage of spinal cord injury (SCI) is usually framed as a tragedy or inspiration. This has a negative impact on people with SCI. To understand why these frames persist, this study conducted qualitative interviews with journalists and sources to explore factors that influence media coverage of SCI. Using media agenda-building theory, study findings suggest journalists and sources involved in SCI news media rely on the same traditional news values and routinized newswork practices. Access to people with SCI is valued by journalists, however, facilitated by sources who have their own organizational motives. Some sources opt to bypass mass media altogether. This cycle of media agenda-building practices feeds into engrained traditional news values and potentially prevents progressive stories from being told.","PeriodicalId":36614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journalism Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141407275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article proposes the concept of ‘cultures of accountability’ as a way to think about the intersection between media, accountability and popular reality. Noting concerns regarding the emergence of accountability as a cultural keyword, I identify schisms in the deliberation of accountability between an ‘administrative’ and ‘redactive’ formation and explore their interaction and coexistence. Building a bridge between the public administration, journalism studies, media studies and cultural studies literatures, the article posits a more complicated picture of the operation of the ‘media’ in accountability debates and invites analysis and discussion of the communicative and discursive conditions of accountability. Journalistic discourse and practice forms not only a site of encounter between different cultures of accountability but also a forum for discussion of cultural expectations surrounding accountability. Critically revisiting the ‘watchdog’ conception of the news media, the article argues for approaches to journalism open to the yoking of public administration, media accountability and cultural studies approaches and greater awareness of different cultures of accountability.
{"title":"Cultures of accountability: On the intersection of accountability, media and popular reality","authors":"Steven Maras","doi":"10.1386/ajr_00118_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00118_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes the concept of ‘cultures of accountability’ as a way to think about the intersection between media, accountability and popular reality. Noting concerns regarding the emergence of accountability as a cultural keyword, I identify schisms in the deliberation of accountability between an ‘administrative’ and ‘redactive’ formation and explore their interaction and coexistence. Building a bridge between the public administration, journalism studies, media studies and cultural studies literatures, the article posits a more complicated picture of the operation of the ‘media’ in accountability debates and invites analysis and discussion of the communicative and discursive conditions of accountability. Journalistic discourse and practice forms not only a site of encounter between different cultures of accountability but also a forum for discussion of cultural expectations surrounding accountability. Critically revisiting the ‘watchdog’ conception of the news media, the article argues for approaches to journalism open to the yoking of public administration, media accountability and cultural studies approaches and greater awareness of different cultures of accountability.","PeriodicalId":36614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journalism Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42999876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a conflict between the general principle of the Australian Press Council concerning the separation of news from comment and the editorial policy of News Corporation (News Corp) which allows its journalists to mix the two so that readers might see what the newspaper’s view is on the matter being reported. This article argues that this policy is a crucial part of the machinery that enables the Murdoch press to prosecute feuds, intimidate politicians and engage in hyper-partisan campaigning without regard for truth or consequences. It further argues that the Press Council is compromised in dealing with it by its reliance on News Corp as the single biggest provider of its funding. The argument is reinforced by the Council’s incapacity to answer straightforward questions about how it accommodates the conflict between its principle and News Corp’s policy.
{"title":"News Corp’s policy on the separation of news and comment contradicts a core Press Council principle","authors":"D. Muller","doi":"10.1386/ajr_00114_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00114_7","url":null,"abstract":"There is a conflict between the general principle of the Australian Press Council concerning the separation of news from comment and the editorial policy of News Corporation (News Corp) which allows its journalists to mix the two so that readers might see what the newspaper’s view is on the matter being reported. This article argues that this policy is a crucial part of the machinery that enables the Murdoch press to prosecute feuds, intimidate politicians and engage in hyper-partisan campaigning without regard for truth or consequences. It further argues that the Press Council is compromised in dealing with it by its reliance on News Corp as the single biggest provider of its funding. The argument is reinforced by the Council’s incapacity to answer straightforward questions about how it accommodates the conflict between its principle and News Corp’s policy.","PeriodicalId":36614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journalism Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45227304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Defining who is a journalist is now fraught with difficulty and may well be impossible. The digital revolution has made it possible for anyone with a smart phone to create journalism-like content without necessarily adhering to any of the accepted formal conventions of journalism. Any legal definition that uses that approach is fraught with difficulty, and risks including people who should probably not be covered by the law, or ruling out those who should. This article proposes a novel approach, by considering journalism as a formalized process for gathering, organizing and presenting information according to recognized standards and ethics. Such an approach could form the centrepiece of a Media Freedom Act, and give the industry incentive to respond with a system of voluntary certification that could identify those people who understand and apply those standards and ethics, and whose work would thus deserve the protection of the law.
{"title":"Defining journalism: How a new approach to a definition could revolutionize media freedom","authors":"P. Greste","doi":"10.1386/ajr_00116_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00116_7","url":null,"abstract":"Defining who is a journalist is now fraught with difficulty and may well be impossible. The digital revolution has made it possible for anyone with a smart phone to create journalism-like content without necessarily adhering to any of the accepted formal conventions of journalism. Any legal definition that uses that approach is fraught with difficulty, and risks including people who should probably not be covered by the law, or ruling out those who should. This article proposes a novel approach, by considering journalism as a formalized process for gathering, organizing and presenting information according to recognized standards and ethics. Such an approach could form the centrepiece of a Media Freedom Act, and give the industry incentive to respond with a system of voluntary certification that could identify those people who understand and apply those standards and ethics, and whose work would thus deserve the protection of the law.","PeriodicalId":36614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journalism Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44135475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: Reporting on Sexual Violence in the #MeToo Era, Andrea Baker and Usha Manchanda Rodrigues (eds) (2022) London: Taylor & Francis Group, 224 pp., ISBN 978-1-03211-552-8, h/bk, USD 252 ISBN 978-1-00322-041-1, p/bk, USD 73.99 ISBN 978-1-00077-104-6, e-book, USD 60.29
{"title":"Reporting on Sexual Violence in the #MeToo Era, Andrea Baker and Usha Manchanda Rodrigues (eds) (2022)","authors":"J. Gleave","doi":"10.1386/ajr_00124_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00124_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: Reporting on Sexual Violence in the #MeToo Era, Andrea Baker and Usha Manchanda Rodrigues (eds) (2022)\u0000 London: Taylor & Francis Group, 224 pp.,\u0000 ISBN 978-1-03211-552-8, h/bk, USD 252\u0000 ISBN 978-1-00322-041-1, p/bk, USD 73.99\u0000 ISBN 978-1-00077-104-6, e-book, USD 60.29","PeriodicalId":36614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journalism Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45437244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: The Journalism Manifesto, Barbie Zelizer, Pablo J. Boczkowski and Christopher W. Anderson (2022) Cambridge: Polity Press, 122 pp., ISBN 978-1-50954-263-5, h/bk, AUD 72.95 ISBN 978-1-50954-264-2, p/bk, AUD 20.95 ISBN 978-1-50954-265-9, e-book, AUD 16.99
{"title":"The Journalism Manifesto, Barbie Zelizer, Pablo J. Boczkowski and Christopher W. Anderson (2022)","authors":"C. Fisher","doi":"10.1386/ajr_00122_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00122_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: The Journalism Manifesto, Barbie Zelizer, Pablo J. Boczkowski and Christopher W. Anderson (2022)\u0000 Cambridge: Polity Press, 122 pp.,\u0000 ISBN 978-1-50954-263-5, h/bk, AUD 72.95\u0000 ISBN 978-1-50954-264-2, p/bk, AUD 20.95\u0000 ISBN 978-1-50954-265-9, e-book, AUD 16.99","PeriodicalId":36614,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journalism Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49029028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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