Pub Date : 2020-08-03DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001177
Neha R. Malhotra, R. Shankar, Akanksha Pal, Sana Ahmed, N. Taneja, Aanchal Anant Awasth, R. Janardhanan
Background: In India, food safety and hygiene are a growing concern with emerging incidents of food contaminants which if remains unnoticed can lead to various health hazards, illness, outbreaks and even death. Objective: To study knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards food safety and hygiene among students of a private university of Delhi, NCR. Method: A Cross-Sectional study design using self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire containing a total of 40 questions was conducted among 500 private university students in Delhi, NCR. Information was collected from various disciplines through self-administered survey forms. For assessing the knowledge, a score of 1 and 0 was given to every correct and incorrect answers respectively. For assessing Attitude and Practice each correct response was awarded a score of 2, for neutral response a score of 1 and for incorrect response a score of 0 was awarded. Quartiles were generated for each component. Based on quartiles, knowledge, attitude and practice were divided into adequate and inadequate. Result: The study participants included 31.6% males and 68.4% females. 29% participants belonged to postgraduate course and 71.1% from undergraduate course. Regarding food safety & hygiene, 74.8% participants had adequate knowledge, 53% had adequate attitude and 46% had adequate practice. Conclusion: Continuous education is necessary to increase the awareness among young adults in the near future; they will be the ones directly handling food and play an important role to help maintain a hygienic and clean environment. Keywords: Food safety; Food hygiene; Food Borne Disease; Knowledge; Attitude; Practice
{"title":"A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Food Safety & Hygiene among the Students of a Private University of Delhi, NCR","authors":"Neha R. Malhotra, R. Shankar, Akanksha Pal, Sana Ahmed, N. Taneja, Aanchal Anant Awasth, R. Janardhanan","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001177","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In India, food safety and hygiene are a growing concern with emerging incidents of food contaminants which if remains unnoticed can lead to various health hazards, illness, outbreaks and even death. Objective: To study knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards food safety and hygiene among students of a private university of Delhi, NCR. Method: A Cross-Sectional study design using self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire containing a total of 40 questions was conducted among 500 private university students in Delhi, NCR. Information was collected from various disciplines through self-administered survey forms. For assessing the knowledge, a score of 1 and 0 was given to every correct and incorrect answers respectively. For assessing Attitude and Practice each correct response was awarded a score of 2, for neutral response a score of 1 and for incorrect response a score of 0 was awarded. Quartiles were generated for each component. Based on quartiles, knowledge, attitude and practice were divided into adequate and inadequate. Result: The study participants included 31.6% males and 68.4% females. 29% participants belonged to postgraduate course and 71.1% from undergraduate course. Regarding food safety & hygiene, 74.8% participants had adequate knowledge, 53% had adequate attitude and 46% had adequate practice. Conclusion: Continuous education is necessary to increase the awareness among young adults in the near future; they will be the ones directly handling food and play an important role to help maintain a hygienic and clean environment. Keywords: Food safety; Food hygiene; Food Borne Disease; Knowledge; Attitude; Practice","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130005598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-20DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001175
N. Na, Ko Tc, Djouhou Fm, Ngo Sf, Pieme Ac, Kansci G, Fokou E
Back ground: Functional foods/Nutraceuticals efficacy depends on both its composition and the physicochemical properties of the components that used in their formulation. Vegetable oil can play an important role. Several studies are shown that omega 3 (0.2%) and Azadirachta indica J. seed oil (0.4%) have antisickling, antioxidant and anti-haemolytic properties. Objective: The purpose of this present study was conducted to determine effects of omega 3 and Azadirachta indica J. seed oil on hemoglobin polymerization and erythrocyte membrane ATPases in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Method: The ability for the omega 3 and Azadirachta indica J. seed oil to inhibit sickle cell hemoglobin polymerization and improve the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio of HbS blood were assed using spectroscopic method. The activities of three ATPases (Na+/K+; Ca2+; and Mg2+-ATPases ) were investigated by the kinetic method following the release of inorganic phosphate (Pi) by ATP taking into account the determination of the total membrane proteins of erythrocytes by Bradford’s method. Results: The lowest potential was obtained with Azadirachta indica J. seed oil (AO: 0.4% v/v) corresponding significantly (p <0.05) to the highest potential of inhibition of polymerization (83.11 ± 8%) compared to that obtained with omega 3 (ω3 0.2% v/v) estimated at 68.15±7%. The greatest Fe2+Fe3+ ratio was obtained (6.65±1.68) with AO (0.4% v/v) corresponding significantly (p <0.05) to the greatest rate of increase of oxyhemoglobin (79.05±3%) compared to that obtained with ω3 (0.2% v/v) estimated at 70.58±5%. As for the activities of Na+/K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+-ATPases expressed in μmole Pi/mg protein/hour x 10-3, there was an increase in the activities of Na+/K+ and Ca2+-ATPases (203.82±41 and 190.48±32) with AO (0.4% v/v), but without any significant difference (p>0.05) compared to those obtained with ω3 (0.2% v/v) (188.66±9 and 235.61±52). However, for Mg2+-ATPase, there was rather a significant decrease (p <0.05) in these activities ranging from 181.9±32 for ω3 (0.2% v/v) to 124.00±21 for AO (0.4% v/v). Conclusion: The Azadirachta indica J. seed oil at a concentration of 0.4% v/v offered the best potential inhibition of hemoglobin S polymerization, oxyhemoglobin increase rate and the best ATPastic activities. Keywords: Omega 3 - Azadirachta indica J. seed oil - sickle cell disease - polymerization - Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio - ATPase activities.
{"title":"Omega 3 and Azadirachta Indica J. Seed Oil Inhibit Hemoglobin Polymerization and Modulate Erythrocyte Membrane Atpases in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)","authors":"N. Na, Ko Tc, Djouhou Fm, Ngo Sf, Pieme Ac, Kansci G, Fokou E","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001175","url":null,"abstract":"Back ground: Functional foods/Nutraceuticals efficacy depends on both its composition and the physicochemical properties of the components that used in their formulation. Vegetable oil can play an important role. Several studies are shown that omega 3 (0.2%) and Azadirachta indica J. seed oil (0.4%) have antisickling, antioxidant and anti-haemolytic properties. Objective: The purpose of this present study was conducted to determine effects of omega 3 and Azadirachta indica J. seed oil on hemoglobin polymerization and erythrocyte membrane ATPases in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Method: The ability for the omega 3 and Azadirachta indica J. seed oil to inhibit sickle cell hemoglobin polymerization and improve the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio of HbS blood were assed using spectroscopic method. The activities of three ATPases (Na+/K+; Ca2+; and Mg2+-ATPases ) were investigated by the kinetic method following the release of inorganic phosphate (Pi) by ATP taking into account the determination of the total membrane proteins of erythrocytes by Bradford’s method. Results: The lowest potential was obtained with Azadirachta indica J. seed oil (AO: 0.4% v/v) corresponding significantly (p <0.05) to the highest potential of inhibition of polymerization (83.11 ± 8%) compared to that obtained with omega 3 (ω3 0.2% v/v) estimated at 68.15±7%. The greatest Fe2+Fe3+ ratio was obtained (6.65±1.68) with AO (0.4% v/v) corresponding significantly (p <0.05) to the greatest rate of increase of oxyhemoglobin (79.05±3%) compared to that obtained with ω3 (0.2% v/v) estimated at 70.58±5%. As for the activities of Na+/K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+-ATPases expressed in μmole Pi/mg protein/hour x 10-3, there was an increase in the activities of Na+/K+ and Ca2+-ATPases (203.82±41 and 190.48±32) with AO (0.4% v/v), but without any significant difference (p>0.05) compared to those obtained with ω3 (0.2% v/v) (188.66±9 and 235.61±52). However, for Mg2+-ATPase, there was rather a significant decrease (p <0.05) in these activities ranging from 181.9±32 for ω3 (0.2% v/v) to 124.00±21 for AO (0.4% v/v). Conclusion: The Azadirachta indica J. seed oil at a concentration of 0.4% v/v offered the best potential inhibition of hemoglobin S polymerization, oxyhemoglobin increase rate and the best ATPastic activities. Keywords: Omega 3 - Azadirachta indica J. seed oil - sickle cell disease - polymerization - Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio - ATPase activities.","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129351317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-06DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001174
Talla Tn, Ko Tc, J. P., Pieme Ac, Kansci G, Fokou E
Back ground: The basic extracts involved in the formulation of functional foods/nutraceutics must first be the subject of preclinical and clinical trials. The several studies were shown that amino acids extract from black bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have antisickling, antioxidant and anti-haemolitic properties. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of amino acids extract from black bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on hemoglobin polymerization and erythrocytes membrane ATPases activities in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Method: The ability for the amino acids extract to inhibit sickle cell hemoglobin polymerization and improve the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio of HbSS blood were assed using spectroscopic method. The activities of three ATPases (Na+/K+; Ca2+; and Mg2+-ATPases) were investigated by the kinetic method following the release of inorganic phosphate (Pi) by ATP taking into account the determination of the total membrane proteins of erythrocytes by Bradford’s method. Result: The lowest potential of inhibition was obtained (39.98±2%) with the amino acids extract at 12 mg/mL corresponding significantly (p<0.05) to the highest potential of inhibition of polymerization (71.16±2%). The greatest Fe2+Fe3+ ratio was obtained (3.94±2%) with the amino acids extract at 12 mg/mL corresponding significantly (p<0.05) to the best rates increase of oxy-hemoglobin (48.73±2%). The red blood cells membranes ATPase activity were estimated and expressed as μmol of Pi/mg of protein/hour x 10-3 there was an increase in the activities of Na+/ K+ and Ca2+-ATPases (255.98±62 and 282.98±36 respectively) at the concentration of 12 mg/mL of extract compared to the negative control (167.36±60 and 236.91±62 respectively). However, for Mg2+-ATPase, there is rather a significant reduction (p<0.05) in this activity (286.71±51 against 146.53±35) obtained in the presence of the amino acid extract at 12 mg/mL). Conclusion: The amino acids extract of black bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at a concentration of 12 mg/mL offered the best inhibition potentials of hemoglobin S polymerization, increase rates of oxyhemoglobin and the best ATPasic activities. Keywords: Amino acid extracts; black bean seeds; sickle cell disease; polymerization; Fe2+/Fe3 + ratio; ATPase activities
{"title":"Amino Acids Extract from Black Bean Seeds (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)Inhibit Hemoglobin Polymerizationand Modulate Erythrocyte Membrane Atpases In Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)","authors":"Talla Tn, Ko Tc, J. P., Pieme Ac, Kansci G, Fokou E","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001174","url":null,"abstract":"Back ground: The basic extracts involved in the formulation of functional foods/nutraceutics must first be the subject of preclinical and clinical trials. The several studies were shown that amino acids extract from black bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have antisickling, antioxidant and anti-haemolitic properties. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of amino acids extract from black bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on hemoglobin polymerization and erythrocytes membrane ATPases activities in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Method: The ability for the amino acids extract to inhibit sickle cell hemoglobin polymerization and improve the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio of HbSS blood were assed using spectroscopic method. The activities of three ATPases (Na+/K+; Ca2+; and Mg2+-ATPases) were investigated by the kinetic method following the release of inorganic phosphate (Pi) by ATP taking into account the determination of the total membrane proteins of erythrocytes by Bradford’s method. Result: The lowest potential of inhibition was obtained (39.98±2%) with the amino acids extract at 12 mg/mL corresponding significantly (p<0.05) to the highest potential of inhibition of polymerization (71.16±2%). The greatest Fe2+Fe3+ ratio was obtained (3.94±2%) with the amino acids extract at 12 mg/mL corresponding significantly (p<0.05) to the best rates increase of oxy-hemoglobin (48.73±2%). The red blood cells membranes ATPase activity were estimated and expressed as μmol of Pi/mg of protein/hour x 10-3 there was an increase in the activities of Na+/ K+ and Ca2+-ATPases (255.98±62 and 282.98±36 respectively) at the concentration of 12 mg/mL of extract compared to the negative control (167.36±60 and 236.91±62 respectively). However, for Mg2+-ATPase, there is rather a significant reduction (p<0.05) in this activity (286.71±51 against 146.53±35) obtained in the presence of the amino acid extract at 12 mg/mL). Conclusion: The amino acids extract of black bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at a concentration of 12 mg/mL offered the best inhibition potentials of hemoglobin S polymerization, increase rates of oxyhemoglobin and the best ATPasic activities. Keywords: Amino acid extracts; black bean seeds; sickle cell disease; polymerization; Fe2+/Fe3 + ratio; ATPase activities","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130753527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-09DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001171
Y. Hirokawa, N. Izumo, Shogo Tawara, Saki Aihara, R. Obara, Tomomi Shimazu, K. Tsuzuki, Yasuo Watanabe
Background: In order to evaluate the regulational role of adiponectin and leptin on obesity, we examined the significance of daily adherence to the Sticky Japanese Diet (SJD) on the preventions of obesity and metabolic syndrome by assessing the fat adiponectin/leptin and plasma leptin levels using normal and high-fat diet (HFD) mice. Methods: Five-week-old male ICR strain mice were placed in individual cages and randomly divided into eight groups based on feeding of SJD or not. At the end of each treatment period, plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and leptin levels were measured by biochemical analysis. The adiponectin and leptin levels in adipose tissue were measured using RT-PCR. Results: In normal mice, an eight-week treatment of SJD increased adiponectin levels in adipose tissue. However, four weeks after discontinuing the SJD, these levels decreased. Furthermore, continuous feeding of the SJD for eight weeks increased plasma leptin levels but not that of adipose tissue. And then, discontinuing the SJD for more than eight days resulted in a decrease in plasma leptin levels. In HFD mice, an increase in body weight and visceral fat was seen at eight days after discontinuing the SJD which was undertaken for a total of eight weeks. At this time, the plasma leptin levels in these mice were substantially higher than in normal mice, although these levels were getting to be decreased over four weeks. Conclusion: This study revealed that discontinuous adherence to the SJD induced decreases in both adiponectin and leptin levels. Together with our previous publication, this paper suggests that daily adherence to the SJD might be essential for maintaining good health. Keywords: NuruNeba (Sticky Japanese Diet); Washoku (Japanese foods); normal diet; high-fat diet; leptin; adiponectin; obesity; mice Abbreviations: SJD: Sticky Japanese Diet; HFD: High-Fat Diet; CE-2: CLEA Rodent Diet CE-2; TG: Triglyceride; UCP1: Uncoupling Protein-1; BAT: Brown Adipose Tissue
{"title":"Continuous and Discontinuous Adherence to the Sticky Japanese Diet on Adiponectin and Leptin Regulation","authors":"Y. Hirokawa, N. Izumo, Shogo Tawara, Saki Aihara, R. Obara, Tomomi Shimazu, K. Tsuzuki, Yasuo Watanabe","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2020.001171","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In order to evaluate the regulational role of adiponectin and leptin on obesity, we examined the significance of daily adherence to the Sticky Japanese Diet (SJD) on the preventions of obesity and metabolic syndrome by assessing the fat adiponectin/leptin and plasma leptin levels using normal and high-fat diet (HFD) mice. Methods: Five-week-old male ICR strain mice were placed in individual cages and randomly divided into eight groups based on feeding of SJD or not. At the end of each treatment period, plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and leptin levels were measured by biochemical analysis. The adiponectin and leptin levels in adipose tissue were measured using RT-PCR. Results: In normal mice, an eight-week treatment of SJD increased adiponectin levels in adipose tissue. However, four weeks after discontinuing the SJD, these levels decreased. Furthermore, continuous feeding of the SJD for eight weeks increased plasma leptin levels but not that of adipose tissue. And then, discontinuing the SJD for more than eight days resulted in a decrease in plasma leptin levels. In HFD mice, an increase in body weight and visceral fat was seen at eight days after discontinuing the SJD which was undertaken for a total of eight weeks. At this time, the plasma leptin levels in these mice were substantially higher than in normal mice, although these levels were getting to be decreased over four weeks. Conclusion: This study revealed that discontinuous adherence to the SJD induced decreases in both adiponectin and leptin levels. Together with our previous publication, this paper suggests that daily adherence to the SJD might be essential for maintaining good health. Keywords: NuruNeba (Sticky Japanese Diet); Washoku (Japanese foods); normal diet; high-fat diet; leptin; adiponectin; obesity; mice Abbreviations: SJD: Sticky Japanese Diet; HFD: High-Fat Diet; CE-2: CLEA Rodent Diet CE-2; TG: Triglyceride; UCP1: Uncoupling Protein-1; BAT: Brown Adipose Tissue","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126027373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2022.001187
H. Ouattara, Donatien Albert Atsamo, B. Ouattara, Vazoumana Koné, Seraphin Kati Coulibaly
Palm oil, the most oil consumed in the world, because of its high saturated fatty acid content, is nowadays recognized to enhance Cardiovascular disease risk (CVD). In this study, we sought to propose Cucurbitaceae seeds oils (CSO) as reducing CVD risk and a good source of income. Then, physicochemical parameters, composition and nutritional value of Citrullus lanatus seeds oil (HCL), Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil (HLS), Cucumeropsis mannii seeds oil (HCM) were compared to that of Refined palm oil (RPO) and among them. Four diets, conformed to that proposed by AIN-93G but differing to the oil, were formulated by using one of the CSO extracted or RPO. These diets served to feed four homogeneous groups of young rats (six per group) during 45 days. Diets consumption and efficacy were evaluated. Blood sample, collected at the end of the experimentation, were used to measure out heamatological parameters, glyceamia, urea, creatinine, lipids parameters, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminine Transferase, sodium and calicium. Peroxide index and specific gravity were in accordance to the norm. Free fatty acid content of RPO and HLS were in the norm but acid values of the fourth oils were lower than the safe limit for consumption. Grading of most unsaturated fatty acid content was HCL, HCM, RPO and HLS respectively. Plasma parameters, organ weight and the coefficients calculated were not different (p > 0.05) to each other, but according to atherogenicity index, the grading of high inducing cardiovascular disease was HCM, RPO, HCL and HLS respectively. Without no technological treatment CSO compete with RPO. There are possibility that refined CSO reduced CDV than RPO. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus seeds oil ; Refined palm oil ; Physicochemical parameters ; Composition ; Nutritional value ; Cardiovascular disease risk; Rat Abbreviations CVD: Cardiovascular Disease Risk ; CSO: Cucurbitaceae Seeds Oils; RPO: Refined Palm Oil; HDI: Refined palm oil « Dinor »; HLS: Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil ; HCL: Citrullus lanatus seeds oil; HCM: Cucumeropsis mannii seeds oil; RHDI: Diet in which oil used is refined palm oil; RHCL: Diet in which oil used is Citrulus lanatus oil; RHLS: Diet in which oil used is Lagenaria siceraria oil; RHCM: Diet in which oil used is Cucumeropsis mannii oil; RHDI: Diet in which oil used is refined palm oil; RHCL: Diet in which oil used is Citrulus lanatus oil; RHLS: Diet in which oil used is Lagenaria siceraria oil; RHCM: Diet in which oil used is Cucumeropsis mannii oil; ASAT: Aspartate Aminotransferase; ALAT: Alanine Aminine Transferase
{"title":"Comparison of the Effects of Cucurbitaceae Seeds Oils and Refined Palm Oil in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Risk","authors":"H. Ouattara, Donatien Albert Atsamo, B. Ouattara, Vazoumana Koné, Seraphin Kati Coulibaly","doi":"10.15226/jnhfs.2022.001187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2022.001187","url":null,"abstract":"Palm oil, the most oil consumed in the world, because of its high saturated fatty acid content, is nowadays recognized to enhance Cardiovascular disease risk (CVD). In this study, we sought to propose Cucurbitaceae seeds oils (CSO) as reducing CVD risk and a good source of income. Then, physicochemical parameters, composition and nutritional value of Citrullus lanatus seeds oil (HCL), Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil (HLS), Cucumeropsis mannii seeds oil (HCM) were compared to that of Refined palm oil (RPO) and among them. Four diets, conformed to that proposed by AIN-93G but differing to the oil, were formulated by using one of the CSO extracted or RPO. These diets served to feed four homogeneous groups of young rats (six per group) during 45 days. Diets consumption and efficacy were evaluated. Blood sample, collected at the end of the experimentation, were used to measure out heamatological parameters, glyceamia, urea, creatinine, lipids parameters, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminine Transferase, sodium and calicium. Peroxide index and specific gravity were in accordance to the norm. Free fatty acid content of RPO and HLS were in the norm but acid values of the fourth oils were lower than the safe limit for consumption. Grading of most unsaturated fatty acid content was HCL, HCM, RPO and HLS respectively. Plasma parameters, organ weight and the coefficients calculated were not different (p > 0.05) to each other, but according to atherogenicity index, the grading of high inducing cardiovascular disease was HCM, RPO, HCL and HLS respectively. Without no technological treatment CSO compete with RPO. There are possibility that refined CSO reduced CDV than RPO. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus seeds oil ; Refined palm oil ; Physicochemical parameters ; Composition ; Nutritional value ; Cardiovascular disease risk; Rat Abbreviations CVD: Cardiovascular Disease Risk ; CSO: Cucurbitaceae Seeds Oils; RPO: Refined Palm Oil; HDI: Refined palm oil « Dinor »; HLS: Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil ; HCL: Citrullus lanatus seeds oil; HCM: Cucumeropsis mannii seeds oil; RHDI: Diet in which oil used is refined palm oil; RHCL: Diet in which oil used is Citrulus lanatus oil; RHLS: Diet in which oil used is Lagenaria siceraria oil; RHCM: Diet in which oil used is Cucumeropsis mannii oil; RHDI: Diet in which oil used is refined palm oil; RHCL: Diet in which oil used is Citrulus lanatus oil; RHLS: Diet in which oil used is Lagenaria siceraria oil; RHCM: Diet in which oil used is Cucumeropsis mannii oil; ASAT: Aspartate Aminotransferase; ALAT: Alanine Aminine Transferase","PeriodicalId":366384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126328403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15226/jnhfs.2021.001185
Kui Yuan, Wei-Ling Liu, W. Guo, Lili Zhang, Yawei Liu, Ming Zhao
The human immune system possesses powerful surveillance functions to find and eliminate tumor cells. Several steps are involved, such as uptake and presentation of tumor antigens by dendritic cells (DCs) in order to activate T cells, trafficking and infiltration of the tumor with T cells and, finally, recognition and killing of tumor cells. Tumor cells release a number of soluble mediators that may disrupt these steps, thereby creating tolerance or immune escape. We previously published data on a rat animal model showing 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) to inhibit DCs activation and enhance T regulatory cells (Treg) expression, ultimately inducing colon carcinogenesis. By feeding rats with mustard seeds (MS), the animals’ immune system shifted from a Th2 to a Th1 pattern, Tregs were inhibited and DCs activation enhanced. In the present study, we tried to isolate the functional fractions of MS and, to our surprise, we found that the oxidant and antioxidant fractions of MS showed synergistic effect on the activation of DCs and CD8+ effector T cells. Neither of the fractions alone, however, had any inhibitory effect on DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis. Differently from the antioxidant fraction, the oxidant fraction activated DCs (CD11c+CD80+, CD11c+CD86+), but not the CD8+ effector T cells. By adding Vitamin E, an acknowledged antioxidant, the oxidant fraction then became able to activate both spleenic DCs and effector T cells (CD8+CD28+). Taken together, these data suggest that the MS oxidant fraction might play an important role in activation of DCs, while also showing that oxidative signals may induce depletion of effector T cells. Addition of the antioxidant MS fraction, or Vitamin E, might restore the survival of effector T cells and eventually help eradicate tumor cells. Thus, MS oxidants, which normally are regarded as having negative effects, may actually function synergistically with antioxidants to prevent chemical-induced carcinogenesis. Keywords: Oxidants; Antioxidants; Immuno-responses; Mustard seeds; Colorectal cancer; Chemoprevention; T cells; Dendritic cells Abbreviations: AITC: Allyl Isothiocyanate; APCs: Antigen-Presenting Cells; CTLs: Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes; DCs: Dendritic Cells; DMH: 1, 2-Dimethylhydrazine; EGCG: Epigallocatechin Gallate; LPO: Lipid Peroxides ; MDA: Malondialdehyde; MHC: Major Histocompatibility Complex; MS: Mustard Seeds; MSE1: Ether Extract of Mustard Seeds; MSE2: Ethanolic Extract of Mustard Seeds; PBS: Phosphate-Buffered Saline; RBC: Red Blood Cell; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; TCRs: T Cell Receptors; Treg : T Regulatory Cells; VitE : Vitamin E
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