Health literacy research and practice最新文献

Background: Forecasts suggest that older adults will place unprecedented demands on future health care systems. Electronic health (eHealth) resources can potentially mitigate some pressures, but to be effective patients need to be able to use them. The negative relationship between eHealth literacy and age usually results in older adults classified as one homogenous mass, which misses the opportunity to tailor interventions.

Objective: This research examines similarities and differences within the baby boom cohort among a sample that uses the internet for health information.

Methods: We used an electronic survey with random samples of baby boomers (N = 996) from the United States, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand.

Key results: Four distinct subgroups, or segments, emerged. While not different from a socioeconomic perspective, these four groups have very different levels of eHealth literacy and corresponding health behaviors. Therefore, we contribute a more complex picture than is usually presented in eHealth studies.

Conclusions: Resulting insights offer a useful starting point for providers wishing to better tailor health products, services, and communications to this large cohort of future older individuals. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2024;8(1):e3-e11.].

Background: Considering the health literacy status of service seekers is crucial while developing programs and policies to improve service delivery in primary health care settings.

Objective: Our aim was to assess health literacy among adults seeking non-communicable disease (NCD)-related services in primary health care centers (PHC) of Bangladesh and identify its contributing factors and its preventive effect on risky behaviors.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2,793 NCD service seekers were interviewed face-to-face from eight rural and three urban PHCs selected by a multi-stage random sampling method. We used the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire to collect data on health literacy. We applied logistic regression analysis to identify the contributing factors related to adequate health literacy. Odds ratios were used to calculate the preventive fraction of health literacy for NCD risk behaviors.

Key results: Limited health literacy was found among 43% of the respondents. Adequate health literacy was associated with younger age, male sex, having a formal education, living in an extended family, hailing from a high socioeconomic group, and attending urban PHC. After adjusting the sociodemographic factors, the prevalence of smoking, smokeless tobacco usage, and inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption among participants were found to be 25%, 51%, and 18% lower for people with sufficient health literacy.

Conclusions: NCD service seekers have a high rate of inadequate health literacy. Adequate health literacy has the potential to lower the behavioral risk factors of NCDs. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2024;8(1):e12-e20.].

Background: Efficient use of health care is crucial for health care systems; the literature reveals that health literacy (HL) plays an important role in health services utilization.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between HL and health care utilization in Austria.

Methods: Registered data of 1,010 persons in the general population concerning costs of doctor visits, medication costs, and number, days, and costs of hospitalization were analyzed using a cross-sectional design for the observation period 2017 to 2019. HL was measured as general, digital, and navigational HL using the Austrian part of the European Health Literacy Survey between March 2020 and May 2020. Multivariable two-part hurdle regressions with generalized linear models, considering sociodemographic variables and chronic illnesses, were conducted to investigate the relationship between HL and health care utilization.

Key results: Navigational HL had a significant negative effect on the odds of causing costs at general practitioners, not adjusting (b = -0.02) and adjusting (b = -0.01) for sociodemographic variables and chronic illnesses. The effect was small, and no significant effect on any other type of analyzed health care was found.

Conclusions: Further research on specific populations (e.g., persons with chronic diseases such as diabetes), rather than the general population, may reveal relevant effects of HL on health care utilization measured by registered data in Austria. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2023;7(4):e197-e206.].

Background: Previous studies showed that deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) individuals have low health literacy related to prescription labels. This study examined the DHH's experience with understanding prescription labels and how technology can impact that experience.

Objectives: The purpose of this qualitative study was twofold: (1) gain a more enhanced understanding of DHH experiences in understanding prescription labels with a focus on language needs, expectations, and preferences, and (2) assess the potential role of technology in addressing the communication-related accessibility issues which emerge from the data.

Methods: In this study, 25 Deaf American Sign Language users who picked up a prescription from a pharmacy within the past year were interviewed. A thematic analysis, which included a systematic coding process, was used to uncover themes about their experiences picking up and using prescription medications.

Key results: Thematic analyses identified that medication-related experiences centered around themes: (1) medication information seeking; (2) comfort taking medication; (3) picking up medication; and (4) communication with the pharmacy team. A large contributor to the communication experience was the perception that the pharmacist was not being respectful. Regarding comfort taking medications, 12% of participants expressed a lack of understanding medications while taking medication. This led to participants largely using online resources when seeking medication information. This study also found that technology greatly aided the participants during this experience.

Conclusion: This study recorded the experiences within the context of limited health literacy and aversive audism found that the DHH individual repeatedly encountered communication barriers, which may contribute to their poor medication literacy. Thus, future studies should explore how to leverage the potential benefits of technology to improve the pharmacy experience of the DHH, thereby improving medication literacy. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2023;7(4):e215-e224.].

Background: High levels of mental health literacy (MHL) have been linked to the ability to correctly recognize certain problems as mental health issues, which then may lead to effective help-seeking behaviors. Most research on MHL has focused on a limited number of psychiatric diagnoses, using Australian samples.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate various components of MHL in a large sample of undergraduate students in the United States.

Methods: We conducted a vignette-based study with 843 undergraduate students. Six psychiatric diagnoses (and two "non-disordered" scenarios) were represented in distinct vignettes. Participants rated the severity of each vignette character's problem, the helpfulness of numerous treatment options, and the likelihood that different etiological factors contributed to the character's problem.

Key results: Across all clinical vignettes, therapy/counseling was perceived to be the most helpful treatment. Participants rated "personal weakness/lack of willpower" as contributing the most to the alcohol use disorder (AUD) character's problems. Our hypothesis related to how perceptions of etiology may impact participants' perceptions of different types of treatment was partially supported for the depression character. When participants described the depression character as having a "psychological/mental health problem," they were more likely to perceive therapy/counseling as being helpful compared to medication.

Conclusions: Participants recognized most of the psychiatric diagnoses as a mental health problem, acknowledged the seriousness of the presenting problems, and recommended effective help-seeking behavior. However, undergraduate U.S. students could benefit from increased MHL specifically related to AUD. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2023;7(4):e207-e214.].

Objective: Suboptimal provider-parent communication contributes to poor parent comprehension of pediatric discharge instructions, which can lead to adverse outcomes. Residency is a critical window to acquire and learn to utilize key communication skills, potentially supported by formal training programs or visual reminders. Few studies have examined resident counseling practices or predictors of counseling quality. Our objectives were to (1) examine pediatric resident counseling practices and (2) determine how formal training and presence of discharge templates with domain-specific prompts are associated with counseling.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of residents in the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Pediatric Trainees. Outcomes included resident self-report of frequency of (1) counseling in domains of care and (2) use of health literacy-informed counseling strategies (pictures, demonstration, Teach Back, Show Back) (6-point scales; frequent = often/usually/always). Predictor variables were (1) formal discharge-related training (e.g., lectures) and (2) hospital discharge instruction template with space for individual domains. Logistic regression analyses, utilizing generalized estimating equations when appropriate to account for multiple domains (adjusting for resident gender, postgraduate year), were performed.

Key results: Few residents (N = 317) (13.9%) reported formal training. Over 25% of residents infrequently counsel on side effects, diagnosis, and restrictions. Resident reported use of communication strategies was infrequent: drawing pictures (24.1%), demonstration (15.8%), Teach Back (36.8%), Show Back (11.4%). Designated spaces in instruction templates for individual domains were associated with frequent domain-specific counseling (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.1 [95% confidence interval: 3.5-4.8]). Formal training was associated with frequent Teach Back (aOR 2.6 [1.4-5.1]) and Show Back (aOR 2.7 [1.2-6.2]).

Conclusions: Lack of formal training and designated space for domain-specific instructions are associated with suboptimal counseling at discharge by pediatric residents. Future research should focus on determining the best mechanisms for teaching trainees communication skills and optimizing written instruction templates to support verbal counseling. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2023;7(4):e178-e186.].

Background: Teach Back (TB) is recommended to assess and ensure patient understanding, thereby promoting safety, quality, and equity. There are many TB trainings, typically lacking assessment tools with validity evidence. We used a pediatric resident competency-based communication curriculum to develop initial validity evidence and refinement recommendations for a Teach-back Observation Tool (T-BOT).

Objective: This study aimed to develop initial validity evidence for a refined T-BOT and provide guidance for further enhancements to improve essential TB skills training among pediatric residents.

Methods: After an interactive health literacy (HL) training, residents participated in recorded standardized patient (SP) encounters. Raters developed T-BOT scoring criteria, then scored a gold standard TB video and resident SP encounters. For agreement, Fleiss' Kappa was computed for >2 raters, and Cohen's Kappa for two raters. Percent agreement and intraclass correlation (ICC) were calculated. Statistics were calculated for gold standard (GS) and TB items overall for all six raters, and for five faculty raters. Agreement was based on Kappa: no agreement (≤0), none to slight (0.01-0.20), fair (0.21-0.40), moderate (0.41-0.60), substantial (0.61-0.80), almost perfect (0.81-1.00).

Key results: For six raters, Kappa for the GS was 0.554 (moderate agreement) with 71.4% agreement; ICC = .597; for SP encounters, it was 0.637 (substantial) with 65.4% agreement; ICC = .647. Individual item agreement for SP encounters average was 0.605 (moderate), ranging from 0.142 (slight) to 1 (perfect). For five faculty raters, Kappa for the GS was 0.779 (substantial) with 85.7% agreement; ICC = .824; for resident SP encounters, it was 0.751 (substantial), with 76.9% agreement; ICC = .759. Individual item agreement on SP encounters average was 0.718 (substantial), ranging from 0.156 (slight) to 1 (perfect).

Conclusion: We provide initial validity evidence for a modified T-BOT and recommendations for improvement. With further refinements to increase validity evidence, accompanied by shared understanding of TB and rating criteria, the T-BOT may be useful in strengthening approaches to teaching and improving essential TB skills among health care team members, thereby increasing organizational HL and improving outcomes. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2023;7(4):e187-e196.].

Background: Health literacy is a critical health determinant. To implement initiatives aiming at improving health literacy among children, adapted measurement tools are needed.

Objective: This study aimed to translate, adapt, and test the Health Literacy Survey Child Questionnaire-15 (HLS-Child-Q15) to assess health literacy among French-speaking 8- to 11-year-old pupils.

Methods: The HLS-Child-Q15 was translated and adapted to the French context to become the HLS-Child-Q15-FR. A cross-sectional survey was carried out using a written, self-reported questionnaire to assess the psychometric properties of the HLS-Child-Q15-FR.

Key results: Translation and adaptation of the HLS-Child-Q15 German-French translated versions were cross-referenced. Back-translation led to minor refinements. Qualitative pre-test among children led to simplifications in wording and structure. Validation of the HLS-Child-Q15-FR. Four trained interviewers collected data among 3,107 pupils in 74 elementary schools of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. HLS-Child-Q15-FR showed good reliability (alpha = 0.83). Exploratory factor analysis showed a two-factor model related to health care and primary prevention. Construct validity analyses suggested removing 3 items. External validity analyses indicated a significant and moderate relationship with perceived self-efficacy.

Conclusion: This study aimed to address the issue of measuring health literacy among French-speaking 8- to 11-year-old pupils. The HLS-Child-Q15-FR showed a high internal consistency. Statistics suggested a two-dimensional thematic scale. These findings should be further investigated. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2023;7(3):e144-e153.].