Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.36368/njedh.v11i1.411
Anne Helene Høyland Mork
This article explores relationships between ideas of reform pedagogy and conceptions of history education in the writings of four Norwegian upper secondary school history teachers who worked at the same rural gymnasium, Eidsvoll landsgymnas (ELG), between 1936 and 1939. While expressing support for certain principles of reform pedagogy, their ideas of purposes, content, and methods of history education varied considerably. This article demonstrates diversity within Norwegian reform pedagogy. Although these teachers could agree in criticism of the “old school” and in support of more student-centred and active education, their conceptions of history, as well as their goals for societal development, differed greatly. While one of the teachers saw strengthening national identity as the main goal of history education, others emphasised history education’s role in education for democracy.
{"title":"Reform Pedagogy Meets History Education in the Writings of Four Norwegian Gymnasium Teachers (1917–1954)","authors":"Anne Helene Høyland Mork","doi":"10.36368/njedh.v11i1.411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v11i1.411","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores relationships between ideas of reform pedagogy and conceptions of history education in the writings of four Norwegian upper secondary school history teachers who worked at the same rural gymnasium, Eidsvoll landsgymnas (ELG), between 1936 and 1939. While expressing support for certain principles of reform pedagogy, their ideas of purposes, content, and methods of history education varied considerably. This article demonstrates diversity within Norwegian reform pedagogy. Although these teachers could agree in criticism of the “old school” and in support of more student-centred and active education, their conceptions of history, as well as their goals for societal development, differed greatly. While one of the teachers saw strengthening national identity as the main goal of history education, others emphasised history education’s role in education for democracy.","PeriodicalId":36653,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Educational History","volume":"73 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1059
Maria Tamboukou
In this paper I look at the process of becoming the first Woman Professor in Mathematics in Modern Europe by reading the personal and literary writings of Sofia Kovalevskaya. The paper emerges from a wider Leverhulme funded project of writing a feminist genealogy of “automathographies,” tracing women mathematicians’ historical emergence as subjects of scientific knowledge, as well as creators of philosophy and culture. What I argue is that it is essential to throw light onto the social, cultural, and political practices that some women mathematicians deployed in surpassing the restrictions and limitations of their gendered position and excel in the field of mathematical sciences and beyond. In this light, I initiate a process of intense memory work against a wider background within which women mathematicians’ figure as exceptional, albeit marginalized, and largely unknown subjects, and not as active agents, whose scientific, philosophical and literary work has had a huge impact on the cultural formations of modernity and beyond. By highlighting the importance of memory work, as a way of understanding the lasting effects of the past into the present, I trace new paths in the field of gender and science studies to confront women mathematicians’ marginalization within the archive and beyond.
{"title":"A Princess of Science? Becoming the first Woman Professor in Mathematics in Modern Europe","authors":"Maria Tamboukou","doi":"10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1059","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I look at the process of becoming the first Woman Professor in Mathematics in Modern Europe by reading the personal and literary writings of Sofia Kovalevskaya. The paper emerges from a wider Leverhulme funded project of writing a feminist genealogy of “automathographies,” tracing women mathematicians’ historical emergence as subjects of scientific knowledge, as well as creators of philosophy and culture. What I argue is that it is essential to throw light onto the social, cultural, and political practices that some women mathematicians deployed in surpassing the restrictions and limitations of their gendered position and excel in the field of mathematical sciences and beyond. In this light, I initiate a process of intense memory work against a wider background within which women mathematicians’ figure as exceptional, albeit marginalized, and largely unknown subjects, and not as active agents, whose scientific, philosophical and literary work has had a huge impact on the cultural formations of modernity and beyond. By highlighting the importance of memory work, as a way of understanding the lasting effects of the past into the present, I trace new paths in the field of gender and science studies to confront women mathematicians’ marginalization within the archive and beyond.","PeriodicalId":36653,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Educational History","volume":"2 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1057
Sofia Kotilainen
This article sheds light on gendered aspects of the early years of the Finnish teacher training system. It focuses on the first generation of female students at the Jyväskylä Teachers Seminary in central Finland, their educational background, and their language competences. My main sources are the students’ applications to the seminary, which I explore with the help of the collective biographical method. The Jyväskylä Teachers Seminary, the first Finnish-language teacher training college for elementary school teachers in Finland, was established in central Finland in 1863, partly in response to the increasing significance of the Finnish language to the nation. For the girls who entered the seminary, their preparatory private education and the language shift they experienced there from Swedish to Finnish were significant factors both in their training as teachers and in the opportunity to gain a public profession of their own, as well as a new kind of female citizenship. Most of these women had graduated from private schools or had only private tutoring at home.
{"title":"Language Shift as a Way of Acquiring New Citizenship and a Profession: The Educational Background of the First Female Students at the Jyväskylä Teachers Seminary","authors":"Sofia Kotilainen","doi":"10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1057","url":null,"abstract":"This article sheds light on gendered aspects of the early years of the Finnish teacher training system. It focuses on the first generation of female students at the Jyväskylä Teachers Seminary in central Finland, their educational background, and their language competences. My main sources are the students’ applications to the seminary, which I explore with the help of the collective biographical method. The Jyväskylä Teachers Seminary, the first Finnish-language teacher training college for elementary school teachers in Finland, was established in central Finland in 1863, partly in response to the increasing significance of the Finnish language to the nation. For the girls who entered the seminary, their preparatory private education and the language shift they experienced there from Swedish to Finnish were significant factors both in their training as teachers and in the opportunity to gain a public profession of their own, as well as a new kind of female citizenship. Most of these women had graduated from private schools or had only private tutoring at home.","PeriodicalId":36653,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Educational History","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1058
Sophie Winkler
This article delves into the historical context of the second girls’ school committee in late-nineteenth-century Sweden, exploring aspects of gendered content and conduct in its formation and operations. Firstly, the study investigates the media representation of the committee’s inclusion of women and how it was framed for the public. Secondly, it examines the committee’s use of statistics in its 1888 report to advocate for a particular type of education for girls, based on notions of their “female nature.” By adopting a feminist approach to historical writing, the article aims to shed light on the committee’s significance in terms of breaking the male-dominated pattern of state decision-making. As a result, this article contributes to the field of gender and history of education by examining the groundbreaking inclusion of women in the girls’ school committee and the utilisation of statistics to shape educational policies in a society grappling with conflicting notions of female nature and women’s expanding roles in education and the workforce.
{"title":"What is Suitable Education for Girls? Women’s Participation and Statistical Arguments in Sweden’s 1888 Girls’ School Committee","authors":"Sophie Winkler","doi":"10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1058","url":null,"abstract":"This article delves into the historical context of the second girls’ school committee in late-nineteenth-century Sweden, exploring aspects of gendered content and conduct in its formation and operations. Firstly, the study investigates the media representation of the committee’s inclusion of women and how it was framed for the public. Secondly, it examines the committee’s use of statistics in its 1888 report to advocate for a particular type of education for girls, based on notions of their “female nature.” By adopting a feminist approach to historical writing, the article aims to shed light on the committee’s significance in terms of breaking the male-dominated pattern of state decision-making. As a result, this article contributes to the field of gender and history of education by examining the groundbreaking inclusion of women in the girls’ school committee and the utilisation of statistics to shape educational policies in a society grappling with conflicting notions of female nature and women’s expanding roles in education and the workforce.","PeriodicalId":36653,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Educational History","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141108598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1061
Pernille Svare Nygaard
In 1945, Aarhus University established the first advanced courses in home economics within the Nordic countries. This reflected the idea of a modern university that provided the blueprint for Aarhus University. However, hidden in the archives are various controversies surrounding the establishment of the courses. Based on 17 applications from 17 women educated within home economics, this article paints a picture of the women who chose to enrol in the academic courses in home economics, as well as the background for its development and the negotiations that took place around higher education for women within the field of domestic services. Sara Ahmed’s figures of “the stranger” and “the willful subject” provide a theoretical foundation for examining which female figures emerged due to the early academicisation of a professional education programme for women. By drawing on these figures, the article concludes that a specific female figure emerged as a bridging figure linking notions of the housewife and the female academic.
{"title":"Home Economics in Higher Education 1945–1955: The Academic Home Economics Education at Aarhus University and the Emergence of a Female Figure","authors":"Pernille Svare Nygaard","doi":"10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1061","url":null,"abstract":"In 1945, Aarhus University established the first advanced courses in home economics within the Nordic countries. This reflected the idea of a modern university that provided the blueprint for Aarhus University. However, hidden in the archives are various controversies surrounding the establishment of the courses. Based on 17 applications from 17 women educated within home economics, this article paints a picture of the women who chose to enrol in the academic courses in home economics, as well as the background for its development and the negotiations that took place around higher education for women within the field of domestic services. Sara Ahmed’s figures of “the stranger” and “the willful subject” provide a theoretical foundation for examining which female figures emerged due to the early academicisation of a professional education programme for women. By drawing on these figures, the article concludes that a specific female figure emerged as a bridging figure linking notions of the housewife and the female academic.","PeriodicalId":36653,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Educational History","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1060
Morten Grymer-Hansen, Ulrikka Mokdad
This article explores the role of the Drawing School for Women (Tegneskolen for Kvinder) in the development of textile research as a field of knowledge, as well as its contribution to women’s education and social status in Denmark. Through an examination of the lives and work of early textile researchers associated with the Drawing School for Women, the article first considers the emancipatory potential of knowledge in relation to the professionalization of textile crafts. It then sheds light on the ideals and potentials expressed by the advocates of textile research – as well as how, and to what extent, these were realised. Specifically, it suggests a close relationship between textile research, women’s emancipation, and Danish nationalism. It concludes that the proponents of textile research were successful in making women’s textile craft – and the study of it – a matter of national pride and interest, furthering the opportunities for women in the field.
本文探讨了妇女绘画学校（Tegneskolen for Kvinder）在纺织品研究作为一个知识领域的发展中所扮演的角色，以及它对丹麦妇女教育和社会地位的贡献。通过对与妇女绘图学校有关的早期纺织品研究人员的生活和工作的研究，文章首先探讨了与纺织品工艺专业化有关的知识的解放潜力。然后，文章揭示了纺织品研究倡导者所表达的理想和潜力，以及这些理想和潜力的实现方式和程度。具体地说，它提出了纺织品研究、妇女解放和丹麦民族主义之间的密切关系。文章的结论是，纺织品研究的倡导者成功地使妇女的纺织品工艺--以及对其的研究--成为一个值得国家骄傲和关注的问题，从而为该领域的妇女提供了更多的机会。
{"title":"Educating the First Generation of Textile Researchers: The Drawing School for Women and the Development of Textile Research as a Field of Knowledge","authors":"Morten Grymer-Hansen, Ulrikka Mokdad","doi":"10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1060","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the role of the Drawing School for Women (Tegneskolen for Kvinder) in the development of textile research as a field of knowledge, as well as its contribution to women’s education and social status in Denmark. Through an examination of the lives and work of early textile researchers associated with the Drawing School for Women, the article first considers the emancipatory potential of knowledge in relation to the professionalization of textile crafts. It then sheds light on the ideals and potentials expressed by the advocates of textile research – as well as how, and to what extent, these were realised. Specifically, it suggests a close relationship between textile research, women’s emancipation, and Danish nationalism. It concludes that the proponents of textile research were successful in making women’s textile craft – and the study of it – a matter of national pride and interest, furthering the opportunities for women in the field.","PeriodicalId":36653,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Educational History","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1062
Ning De Coninck-Smith
During WW2, the Danish scholar of English literature Grethe Hjort developed a close friendship with the Czech-Jewish geographer Julie Moscheles. Their paths crossed in Melbourne, and afterwards they settled in Prague. When Moscheles died in 1956, Hjort returned to Denmark to become only the second female professor at Aarhus University in 1958. Based on a study of private correspondence, this article has three interlinked intentions. Firstly, I explore the two women’s entangled lives and their encounters with the world of academia during peacetime and war. Secondly, I situate their biographies in a historical context in light of the academic paths followed by modern young women of the interwar generation, who experienced education as a gateway to independence from conventional gender norms. Finally, the article offers an affective sensibility that adds to the conceptualization of scholarly personae.
{"title":"Female Friendship in the World of Higher Learning: The Entangled Lives of Grethe Hjort/Greta Hort (1903–1967) and Julie Moscheles (1892–1956)","authors":"Ning De Coninck-Smith","doi":"10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v11i2.1062","url":null,"abstract":"During WW2, the Danish scholar of English literature Grethe Hjort developed a close friendship with the Czech-Jewish geographer Julie Moscheles. Their paths crossed in Melbourne, and afterwards they settled in Prague. When Moscheles died in 1956, Hjort returned to Denmark to become only the second female professor at Aarhus University in 1958. Based on a study of private correspondence, this article has three interlinked intentions. Firstly, I explore the two women’s entangled lives and their encounters with the world of academia during peacetime and war. Secondly, I situate their biographies in a historical context in light of the academic paths followed by modern young women of the interwar generation, who experienced education as a gateway to independence from conventional gender norms. Finally, the article offers an affective sensibility that adds to the conceptualization of scholarly personae.","PeriodicalId":36653,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Educational History","volume":"30 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.36368/njedh.v11i1.1050
Annette Mülberger
{"title":"Review (English): Patrick Bühler, Schule als Sanatorium: Pädagogik, Psychiatrie und Psychoanalyse, 1880–1940","authors":"Annette Mülberger","doi":"10.36368/njedh.v11i1.1050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v11i1.1050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36653,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Educational History","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140653525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.36368/njedh.v11i1.1046
Pigga Keskitalo
{"title":"Review (English): Charlotta Svonni, Utbildning för samer: Ambitioner och praktiker i nomad- och sameskolan från 1950-tal till 2010-tal","authors":"Pigga Keskitalo","doi":"10.36368/njedh.v11i1.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v11i1.1046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36653,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Educational History","volume":"36 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140727768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.36368/njedh.v11i1.1030
Fredrik Thisner
{"title":"Review (Swedish): Gustav Berry, Den självstyrda periferin: Lanthushållsundervisningen och styrningen av den svenska landsbygden, 1890–1970","authors":"Fredrik Thisner","doi":"10.36368/njedh.v11i1.1030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v11i1.1030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36653,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Educational History","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140253468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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