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A Case Study on Building Information (BIM) and Land Information (LIM) Models Including Geospatial Data 包含地理空间数据的建筑信息(BIM)和土地信息(LIM)模型的案例研究
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.7494/geom.2023.17.1.19
A. Borkowski, Łukasz Kochański, Michał Wyszomirski
Landscape information modeling (LIM) is a new trend in spatial projects made using BIM technology. Elements of land development are, not only in the opinion of the authors, just as essential as the element of a building object. In turn, GIS data can be used to model larger areas based on combined data from GIS and BIM models. The lack of the strict integration of BIM and GIS (ISO/TR 23262:2021 covers GIS/BIM interoperability, ISO 19166 is in preparation) prevents the modeling of land development objects, both existing and planned, in many cases. The modeling process using the current and known BIM tools and processes were presented to efficiently develop a model of a building object with its surroundings. Modeling took place using best practices that are collected and used in the Polish reality. The work presents an object-oriented approach to modeling elements of spatial development with the preservation of the so-called occupational hygiene. By applying the above principles, it is possible to develop a “good” LIM model that fits the current trends and developments in BIM.
景观信息建模(LIM)是利用BIM技术进行空间工程的一种新趋势。不仅在作者看来,土地开发的要素与建筑对象的要素一样重要。反过来,GIS数据可以用于基于GIS和BIM模型的组合数据对更大的区域进行建模。由于缺乏BIM和GIS的严格集成(ISO/TR 23262:2021涵盖了GIS/BIM互操作性,ISO 19166正在编制中),在许多情况下,阻碍了对现有和规划的土地开发对象进行建模。介绍了使用当前和已知BIM工具和流程的建模过程,以有效地开发建筑对象及其周围环境的模型。建模采用了波兰现实中收集和使用的最佳实践。这项工作提出了一种面向对象的方法来建模空间发展的元素,并保留所谓的职业卫生。通过应用上述原理,可以开发出一个符合BIM当前趋势和发展的“好”LIM模型。
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引用次数: 2
The Sustainable Development Paradigm 可持续发展模式
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.7494/geom.2023.17.1.5
M. Ogryzek
The article discusses the evolution of the concept of sustainable development and briefly discusses its definition. The study, based on Polish and foreign literature sources, uses the method of literature analysis with elements of inductive reasoning. This is a review article, whose aim is to present both positive and critical approaches to the idea of the sustainable development of space.
本文论述了可持续发展概念的演变过程,并简要讨论了可持续发展的定义。本研究以波兰和外国文献资料为基础,采用归纳推理的文献分析方法。这是一篇综述文章,其目的是对空间可持续发展的理念提出积极和批判性的方法。
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引用次数: 4
The Application of Remote Sensing Techniques and Spectral Analyzes to Assess the Content of Heavy Metals in Soil – A Case Study of Barania Góra Reserve, Poland 遥感技术和光谱分析在土壤重金属含量评估中的应用——以波兰Barania Góra保护区为例
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.7494/geom.2022.16.4.187
S. Sobura, B. Hejmanowska, M. Widłak, J. Muszyńska
The understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of farmland processes is essential to ensure the proper crop monitoring and early decision making needed to support efficient resource management in agriculture. By creating appropriate crop management strategies, one can increase harvest efficiency while reducing costs, waste, chemical spraying, and inhibiting the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on crop stress. Only reliable spatial information makes it possible to comprehend the influence of various factors on the environment. The main objective of the research presented in the paper was to assess the possibility of using maps of vegetation and soil indices, such as NDVI, SAVI, IRECI, CIred-edge, PSRI and HMSSI, calculated on the basis of images from the Sentinel-2 satellite, to qualitatively determine the increased amount of heavy metals in the soil in the areas of small agricultural plots around the Barania Góra nature reserve in Poland.The conducted pilot project shows that the spectral indices: NDVI, SAVI, IRECI, CIred-edge, PSRI, and HMSSI, calculated on the basis of images from Sentinel-2, have the potential to assess the content of nickel zinc, chromium and cobalt in the soil on agricultural plots. However, the confirmation of the obtained results requires continuation of the research.
了解农田过程的空间和时间动态对于确保适当的作物监测和早期决策至关重要,这是支持农业高效资源管理所必需的。通过制定适当的作物管理策略,可以提高收获效率,同时减少成本、浪费、化学喷洒,并抑制生物和非生物因素对作物胁迫的影响。只有可靠的空间信息才能理解各种因素对环境的影响。论文中提出的研究的主要目的是评估使用植被和土壤指数地图的可能性,如NDVI、SAVI、IRECI、CIred edge、PSRI和HMSSI,这些地图是根据哨兵2号卫星的图像计算的,定性确定波兰Barania Góra自然保护区周围小型农业地块土壤中重金属含量的增加。所进行的试点项目表明,根据Sentinel-2的图像计算的光谱指数:NDVI、SAVI、IRECI、CIred-edge、PSRI和HMSSI,有可能评估镍锌含量,农田土壤中的铬和钴。然而,确认所获得的结果需要继续进行研究。
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引用次数: 1
Flash Flood Risk and Climate Analysis in the Extreme South of Algeria (the Case of In-Guezzam City) 阿尔及利亚最南端的山洪风险和气候分析(以盖扎姆市为例)
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.7494/geom.2022.16.4.157
R. Zegait, Z. Şen, A. Pulido-Bosch, Housseyn Madi, Bachir Hamadeha
Natural risks, particularly flood risk, are a topical subject in Algeria and throughout the world, particularly given the last major catastrophic floods in Sudan (2020) and North Africa. With the development of the climate change phenomenon in the world, risk management is becoming increasingly necessary for all the actors concerned (decision-makers, technicians, and the population) to identify protection issues. In 2018, in the extreme south of Algeria, In-Guezzam City suffered a devastating flood that caused significant damage and loss of human and material resources. More than 100 homes collapsed, and approximately 345 families were displaced. Currently, there is no research work to assess the hydrological situation and the risk of flooding in this region. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to shed light on the risk of flash floods in the extreme south of Algeria with more specific attention to the August 2018 floods as well as the climate trends over the past 30 years using Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s Slope Estimator. The chosen approach involves a hydrological study and hydrodynamic modeling using HEC-RAS software. This latter allows for simulating floods using statistical methods and creating several regional flood hazard maps.
自然风险,特别是洪水风险,是阿尔及利亚和全世界的一个热门话题,特别是考虑到苏丹(2020年)和北非最近发生的重大灾难性洪水。随着世界气候变化现象的发展,风险管理对于所有相关行为者(决策者、技术人员和民众)识别保护问题变得越来越必要。2018年,在阿尔及利亚最南部,In Guezzam市遭遇了一场毁灭性的洪水,造成了巨大的人力和物力损失。100多所房屋倒塌,约345个家庭流离失所。目前,还没有研究工作来评估该地区的水文状况和洪水风险。因此,本研究的主要目的是利用Mann–Kendall检验和Sen的斜率估计,揭示阿尔及利亚最南部发生山洪的风险,并更具体地关注2018年8月的洪水以及过去30年的气候趋势。所选择的方法包括使用HEC-RAS软件进行水文研究和流体动力学建模。后者允许使用统计方法模拟洪水,并创建几个区域洪水危险地图。
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引用次数: 1
The Evolution of the Market Value Definition 市场价值定义的演变
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.7494/geom.2022.16.4.135
Ewa Kucharska-Stasiak
The purpose of the study is the following: (1) indicate the economic sources of the definition of value, including the market value of real estate, (2) present the definition and interpretation of this category, (3) its evolution and the difficult path towards its acceptance in Polish conditions, and (4) identify the reasons for this category being frequently misunderstood in the professional environment. A research hypothesis was put forward that the market value is of a contract nature, its definition and interpretation may change. The study employed a critical analysis of the source literature and legal documents as its methods.
本研究的目的如下:(1)指出价值定义的经济来源,包括房地产的市场价值,(2)介绍这一类别的定义和解释,(3)其演变及其在波兰条件下被接受的艰难道路,以及(4)找出这一类别在专业环境中经常被误解的原因。提出了一个研究假设,即市场价值具有契约性质,其定义和解释可能会发生变化。该研究采用了对原始文献和法律文件的批判性分析作为方法。
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引用次数: 1
Quantitative Analysis of Land Use Classification in Agricultural and Forest Areas 农林地区土地利用分类的定量分析
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.7494/geom.2022.16.4.59
Olga Matuk
The article deals with the research on the quantitative classification of land use, which directly affects the amount of land use data collected in the real estate cadastre.For the purpose of this article, the cadastral systems of seven European countries – Austria, Bulgaria, Estonia, Spain, Lithuania, Germany and Poland – have been examined, taking into account how detailed is the classification in agricultural and forest areas. The research covered the provisions of legal acts applicable in the researched seven European countries and made available in national languages by the government bodies.The article asks the following three questions:1) whether the researched countries adopted the same approach to isolatingclasses of items related to agricultural and forest areas;2) whether the researched countries feature the same number of classes ofitems recorded at various levels of detail;3) what is the percentage of the distinguished item classes of land uses in theagricultural and forest areas in relation to all of the distinguished item classes at all the levels of detail.The conducted research can be used as a material supporting works consisting of the modernization of the functioning of land registration in the real estate cadastre in Poland.
本文研究了土地利用的定量分类,它直接影响到房地产地籍中土地利用数据的收集量。为了本文的目的,考察了七个欧洲国家——奥地利、保加利亚、爱沙尼亚、西班牙、立陶宛、德国和波兰——的地籍系统,考虑到农业和森林地区的分类有多详细。该研究涵盖了适用于所研究的七个欧洲国家的法律法规的规定,并由政府机构以国家语言提供。文章提出了以下三个问题:1)被研究国家是否采取了相同的方法来隔离与农业和森林地区有关的项目类别;2) 所研究的国家是否具有相同数量的以不同细节级别记录的项目类别;3) 农业和森林地区土地利用的区分项目类别在所有细节层面上占所有区分项目类别的百分比是多少。所进行的研究可作为支持波兰不动产地籍中土地登记功能现代化的材料。
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引用次数: 1
Using GIS and SDSS Tools in the Design of a Photovoltaic System for a Built-up Roof GIS和SDSS工具在组合屋面光伏系统设计中的应用
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.7494/geom.2022.16.4.31
L. Davybida, I. Wyczałek, Artur Plichta
The design and installation of solar panels on the roofs of urban buildings often require consideration of the specific spatial conditions that affect their efficiency. The primary purpose of this work is to develop a procedure for designing and optimizing photovoltaic installations using geomatics methods and specific tools of GIS and CAD systems. The roof of the historic building A2, which is a part of the Poznań University of Technology campus, was selected as the tested object. Solar radiation modelling and determination of suitability zones were performed using SEBE (Solar Energy on Building Envelopes) in QGIS. Possible options for the placement of photovoltaic modules on the roof were simulated with CAD technique in the web-based HelioScope software. The results of the simulation show that the current roof area can generate electrical power of 99.9 MWh/year. The proposed methodology is universal for photovoltaic installations on built-up roofs and can be applied to other buildings and, consequently, the results obtained can be used to improve the content of the solar data urban geoportal.
在城市建筑屋顶上设计和安装太阳能电池板通常需要考虑影响其效率的特定空间条件。这项工作的主要目的是开发一种使用地理信息学方法和GIS和CAD系统的特定工具设计和优化光伏装置的程序。历史建筑A2的屋顶是波兹南科技大学校园的一部分,被选为测试对象。使用QGIS中的SEBE(建筑围护结构上的太阳能)进行太阳辐射建模和适宜区域的确定。利用基于网络的HelioScope软件中的CAD技术模拟了在屋顶上放置光伏模块的可能选项。仿真结果表明,目前的屋面面积可产生99.9MWh/年的电力。所提出的方法适用于建筑屋顶上的光伏装置,并可应用于其他建筑,因此,所获得的结果可用于提高太阳能数据城市地理门户的内容。
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引用次数: 1
Forest Community Mapping Using Hyperspectral (CHRIS/PROBA) and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Images 基于高光谱(CHRIS/PROBA)和Sentinel-2多光谱影像的森林群落制图
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.7494/geom.2022.16.4.103
E. Głowienka, N. Zembol
The possibility to use hyperspectral images (CHRIS/PROBA) and multispectral images (Sentinel-2) in the classification of forest communities is assessed in this article. The pre-processing of CHRIS/PROBA image included: noise reduction, radiometric correction, atmospheric correction, geometric correction. Due to MNF transformation the number of the hyperspectral image channels was reduced (to 10 channels) and smiling errors were removed. Sentinel-2 image (level 2A) did not require pre-processing. Three tree genera occurring in the study area were selected for the classification: pine (Pinus), alder (Alnus) and birch (Betula). Image classification was carried out with three methods: SAM (Spectral Angle Mapper ), MTMF (Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering), SVM (Support Vector Machine). For the CHRIS/PROBA image, the algorithm SVM turned out to be the best. Its overall accuracy (OA) was 72%. The poorest result (OA = 52%) was for the MTMF classifier. In the classification of Sentinel-2 multispectral image the best result was for the MTMF method: OA = 82%, kappa coefficient 0.7. For other methods, the overall accuracy exceeded 65%. Among the classified genera, the highest producer’s accuracy was obtained for pine (PA = 96%), and the broad-leaf genera: alder and birch had PA ranging from 42% to 85%.
本文对利用高光谱影像(CHRIS/PROBA)和多光谱影像(Sentinel-2)进行森林群落分类的可能性进行了评价。CHRIS/PROBA图像的预处理包括:降噪、辐射校正、大气校正、几何校正。通过MNF变换,将高光谱图像的通道数减少到10个,消除了微笑误差。Sentinel-2图像(2A级)不需要预处理。选择研究区内的3个树种进行分类:松(Pinus)、桤木(Alnus)和桦木(Betula)。采用光谱角映射器(SAM)、混合调谐匹配滤波(MTMF)和支持向量机(SVM)三种方法对图像进行分类。对于CHRIS/PROBA图像,SVM算法是最好的。其总体准确率(OA)为72%。结果最差的是MTMF分类器(OA = 52%)。在Sentinel-2多光谱图像分类中,以MTMF方法分类效果最好,OA = 82%, kappa系数0.7。对于其他方法,总体准确率超过65%。在分类属中,松树的生产者识别率最高(PA = 96%),阔叶桤木和桦木的识别率在42% ~ 85%之间。
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引用次数: 0
Flash Flood Disaster Mitigation Through Environmental Education 通过环境教育减轻山洪灾害
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.7494/geom.2022.16.4.119
K. Prasetyo
Flash flood disasters often hit many areas in Indonesia and can generate various losses. These conditions are exacerbated by people’s low knowledge and interest in their environment. Therefore, if people’s environmental education increases, especially their flood disaster mitigation knowledge, they can be prepared and better protect themselves from such disasters. People’s environmental education must start from determining the reason of the flood disaster in their environment to discovering how to avoid the disaster. This research design is a one-group post-test design. The collected data in this research is a written test result about knowledge in flash flood disaster mitigation materials as an implementation in environmental education in the community. The research data results were analyzed by means of simple regression, logistics regression, and correlation. Based on this research, environmental education with disaster mitigation materials has a high understanding level. In the disaster step, the highest understanding is before it happens. The correlation between educational strata and gender on environmental education and disaster mitigation materials is low. Finally, the role of women in disaster mitigation needs to improve because they have a higher understanding than males of disaster mitigation materials.
山洪灾害经常袭击印度尼西亚的许多地区,并可能造成各种损失。由于人们对环境缺乏了解和兴趣,这些情况更加恶化。因此,如果增加人们的环境教育,特别是洪水减灾知识,他们就可以做好准备,更好地保护自己免受这些灾害的影响。人们的环境教育必须从确定环境中洪水灾害的原因开始,发现如何避免灾害。本研究设计为单组后测设计。本研究收集的数据是关于在社区环境教育中实施山洪减灾材料知识的笔试结果。采用简单回归、logistic回归和相关分析等方法对研究数据结果进行分析。基于本研究,减灾教材环境教育的理解水平较高。在灾难的步骤中,最高的理解是在它发生之前。教育阶层和性别对环境教育和减灾物资的相关性较低。最后,妇女在减灾方面的作用需要改进,因为她们比男性对减灾材料有更高的了解。
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引用次数: 0
Geospatial Assessment and Mapping of Suitable Sites for a Utility-scale Solar PV Farm 公用事业规模太阳能光伏电站适宜选址的地理空间评估和测绘
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.7494/geom.2022.16.4.79
I. Nzelibe, Daniel Damilola Ojediran, M. Moses
Geospatial and multi-criteria decision-making techniques are applied to process and analyse datasets for determining suitable areas for multiple utilityscale solar photovoltaic farms in the city of Akure, Ondo State, southwestern Nigeria. Data processed include local electric power distribution system data, Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission elevation data, Landsat 8 and solar global horizontal irradiance. Multi-criteria decision-making techniques adopted are the analytical hierarchy process, reclassification, and overlay. These techniques were carried out considering criteria for siting solar photovoltaic farms. Criteria considered in this study are climate, topography, economic, environmental impact operational and technical while sub-criteria are solar global horizontal irradiance, slope, proximity and land cover. The outcome of the study shows that the study area covering a total extent of ~33,200 ha, 15%, 8%, 13% and 64% are highly suitable, suitable, moderately suitable, and unsuitable respectively for siting utility-scale solar photovoltaic farms within the study area. The study reveals the potential of multiple utility-scale solar photovoltaic farms in the study area. However, the proportions of areas suitable for solar photovoltaic farms are quite lower compared to findings from similar studies conducted in northwestern Nigeria. The study recommends solar photovoltaic sources as an alternative energy source in and around the study area.
地理空间和多标准决策技术应用于处理和分析数据集,以确定尼日利亚西南部翁多州阿库雷市多个公用事业规模太阳能光伏农场的合适区域。处理的数据包括当地电力分配系统数据、航天飞机雷达地形任务高程数据、Landsat 8和太阳全球水平辐照度。采用了层次分析法、重分类法和叠加法等多准则决策技术。这些技术的实施考虑了太阳能光伏农场的选址标准。本研究考虑的标准是气候、地形、经济、环境影响、操作和技术,而子标准是太阳全球水平辐照度、坡度、接近度和土地覆盖。研究结果表明:研究区总面积约3.32万ha,高度适宜、适宜、中等适宜和不适宜的面积分别为15%、8%、13%和64%。该研究揭示了研究区域内多个公用事业规模的太阳能光伏农场的潜力。然而,与在尼日利亚西北部进行的类似研究的结果相比,适合太阳能光伏农场的地区比例要低得多。该研究建议将太阳能光伏作为研究区内及周边地区的替代能源。
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引用次数: 0
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Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
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