Pub Date : 1991-10-07DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1991.162591
B. Simmonds, R.F. Weddleton
Changes in insulation technology to accommodate new requirements are discussed. These include improved mica tapes and impregnation resins; increased use of automated taping machines; high-temperature-resistant dielectric materials for rotor and stator bracing, and insulating, components; improved stress grading paints/tapes; and increased use of environmentally safe materials.<>
{"title":"Future trends in insulation for large turbine-generators","authors":"B. Simmonds, R.F. Weddleton","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1991.162591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1991.162591","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in insulation technology to accommodate new requirements are discussed. These include improved mica tapes and impregnation resins; increased use of automated taping machines; high-temperature-resistant dielectric materials for rotor and stator bracing, and insulating, components; improved stress grading paints/tapes; and increased use of environmentally safe materials.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":367238,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 20th Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116105593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-07DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1991.162600
J. E. Korleski
Summary form only given, as follows. The rapid conversion to CFC (chlorofluorocarbon)-free refrigerants has prompted the reexamination of the performance of PET insulating materials in the presence of the new refrigerant systems. Several PET motor films were subjected to sealed-tube aging tests in the presence of CFC-free refrigerants and lubricants. The effects of the type of lubricant, level of moisture, temperature, and time on the physical properties of the motor films were examined. The factors which dominate the motor films' performance were considered. The performance of the films in sealed-tube tests was compared to their performance in other aging tests, such as hydrolytic stability, 160 degrees C aging, and oligomer extraction to obtain the later test's relative predictive value.<>
{"title":"The performance of PET motor insulation in CFC-free refrigerant systems","authors":"J. E. Korleski","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1991.162600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1991.162600","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given, as follows. The rapid conversion to CFC (chlorofluorocarbon)-free refrigerants has prompted the reexamination of the performance of PET insulating materials in the presence of the new refrigerant systems. Several PET motor films were subjected to sealed-tube aging tests in the presence of CFC-free refrigerants and lubricants. The effects of the type of lubricant, level of moisture, temperature, and time on the physical properties of the motor films were examined. The factors which dominate the motor films' performance were considered. The performance of the films in sealed-tube tests was compared to their performance in other aging tests, such as hydrolytic stability, 160 degrees C aging, and oligomer extraction to obtain the later test's relative predictive value.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":367238,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 20th Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123956558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-07DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1991.162572
J. Roberts, E. Barrutia
Summary form only given. New mica papers in muscovite and phlogopite minerals as well as calcined muscovite papers have been developed for the electrical insulating tape industry. These papers offer improved resin penetration time, greater porosity, and added flexibility. The adhesion between the mica particles has also been improved. In practical terms, the improvements will have a direct effect on the rate of resin absorption and tape drying. The good interlaminar flake adhesion prevents the generation of dust at the factory level while the added flexibility helps promote a smooth and regular surface during the winding of the coil. Faster penetration and porosity values will also allow a thicker tape to be vacuum pressure impregnated. The ratio of mica to the thickness of insulation is increased, therefore optimizing the insulating value of the system. These papers are all mechanically produced, and are thus free of any chemical impurities that might affect the polymerization rate of resins added to the paper to manufacture a tape.<>
{"title":"New developments in micapaper with improved properties for the electrical tape insulation industry","authors":"J. Roberts, E. Barrutia","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1991.162572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1991.162572","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. New mica papers in muscovite and phlogopite minerals as well as calcined muscovite papers have been developed for the electrical insulating tape industry. These papers offer improved resin penetration time, greater porosity, and added flexibility. The adhesion between the mica particles has also been improved. In practical terms, the improvements will have a direct effect on the rate of resin absorption and tape drying. The good interlaminar flake adhesion prevents the generation of dust at the factory level while the added flexibility helps promote a smooth and regular surface during the winding of the coil. Faster penetration and porosity values will also allow a thicker tape to be vacuum pressure impregnated. The ratio of mica to the thickness of insulation is increased, therefore optimizing the insulating value of the system. These papers are all mechanically produced, and are thus free of any chemical impurities that might affect the polymerization rate of resins added to the paper to manufacture a tape.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":367238,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 20th Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122604582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-07DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1991.162602
S. D. Ramsey
Summary form only given. The purpose of mica served magnet wire is to provide greater protection for turn-to-turn voltage. The mica served magnet wire product is a combination of insulations that offers excellent heat transfer, dielectrics, mechanical strength, and windability. The mica served magnet wire product is constructed with phlogopite mica paper bonded to .0018 fiberglass cloth and then slit to the appropriate size depending on conductor size. Mica served magnet wire was designed primarily for stator coils of high turn stress and has proven to be more cost-effective and has shown better dielectric strength than turn taping. Formed stator coils with multiple conductors and turns can utilize mica served magnet wire as well.<>
{"title":"Mica served magnet wire","authors":"S. D. Ramsey","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1991.162602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1991.162602","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The purpose of mica served magnet wire is to provide greater protection for turn-to-turn voltage. The mica served magnet wire product is a combination of insulations that offers excellent heat transfer, dielectrics, mechanical strength, and windability. The mica served magnet wire product is constructed with phlogopite mica paper bonded to .0018 fiberglass cloth and then slit to the appropriate size depending on conductor size. Mica served magnet wire was designed primarily for stator coils of high turn stress and has proven to be more cost-effective and has shown better dielectric strength than turn taping. Formed stator coils with multiple conductors and turns can utilize mica served magnet wire as well.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":367238,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 20th Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116453108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-07DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1991.162599
W.J. Hassink
Molded thermoplastic structural and insulating parts are providing cost savings in a widening range of small and medium-sized motors. The authors discuss the development of multifunctional designs that reduce costs of motors for appliances, other consumer products, and various industrial equipment. It is concluded that recent designs in stators and end brackets made of engineering thermoplastics show that motor designers are taking increased advantage of these materials. The latest designs show the consolidation of more functions into fewer parts and wider use of integrally molded assembly features.<>
{"title":"Motor design innovations using thermoplastic structural and insulating components","authors":"W.J. Hassink","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1991.162599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1991.162599","url":null,"abstract":"Molded thermoplastic structural and insulating parts are providing cost savings in a widening range of small and medium-sized motors. The authors discuss the development of multifunctional designs that reduce costs of motors for appliances, other consumer products, and various industrial equipment. It is concluded that recent designs in stators and end brackets made of engineering thermoplastics show that motor designers are taking increased advantage of these materials. The latest designs show the consolidation of more functions into fewer parts and wider use of integrally molded assembly features.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":367238,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 20th Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"26 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131575561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-07DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1991.162592
E. Petrie
It is pointed out that, in spite of the multitude of newly developed synthetic materials and their successful application in other industries, the progress toward new materials for the power transformer industry may seem slow. The system of materials now used in transformers is very tightly interrelated and balanced. Changing one compound results in a need to reanalyze the entire transformer system. Reliability cannot be predicted by short-term accelerated tests because of the complexity of the product. Synthetic materials are on a high price level compared to paper and oil. and substitution can generally not be justified by material cost savings alone. It is suggested that the driving factors of cost of ownership (especially energy cost capitalization) environmental issues, and transformer reliability are likely to drive material research more aggressively in the future. Alternate materials will require justification on a scientific and economic basis. Newly developed analytical techniques and transformer modeling programs will provide the transformer designer with confidence in a new material selection. Such tools were not available until recently.<>
{"title":"The application of new materials to power transformers: conservatism and potential","authors":"E. Petrie","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1991.162592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1991.162592","url":null,"abstract":"It is pointed out that, in spite of the multitude of newly developed synthetic materials and their successful application in other industries, the progress toward new materials for the power transformer industry may seem slow. The system of materials now used in transformers is very tightly interrelated and balanced. Changing one compound results in a need to reanalyze the entire transformer system. Reliability cannot be predicted by short-term accelerated tests because of the complexity of the product. Synthetic materials are on a high price level compared to paper and oil. and substitution can generally not be justified by material cost savings alone. It is suggested that the driving factors of cost of ownership (especially energy cost capitalization) environmental issues, and transformer reliability are likely to drive material research more aggressively in the future. Alternate materials will require justification on a scientific and economic basis. Newly developed analytical techniques and transformer modeling programs will provide the transformer designer with confidence in a new material selection. Such tools were not available until recently.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":367238,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 20th Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131618403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-07DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1991.162575
B. Kerns, J. Brennan
A review of the successful but nonformal waste minimization program which took place over a period of several years in Westinghouse led to the conclusion that a formal corporation waste minimization program be established. There was a need to provide a centralized comprehensive and ongoing effort to systematically reduce waste generation within the corporation. The Westinghouse formalized waste minimization program will provide this centralized effort by performing waste minimization, evaluating the minimization options for the select waste streams, setting minimization goals and implementation schedules, implementing minimization options, and monitoring success of the minimization strategy using periodic status reports. The Westinghouse waste minimization program was formalized by assigning a team of chemical/process engineers to perform assessments. Some of the successes achieved in this program are described.<>
{"title":"Development and implementation of a corporate waste minimization program","authors":"B. Kerns, J. Brennan","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1991.162575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1991.162575","url":null,"abstract":"A review of the successful but nonformal waste minimization program which took place over a period of several years in Westinghouse led to the conclusion that a formal corporation waste minimization program be established. There was a need to provide a centralized comprehensive and ongoing effort to systematically reduce waste generation within the corporation. The Westinghouse formalized waste minimization program will provide this centralized effort by performing waste minimization, evaluating the minimization options for the select waste streams, setting minimization goals and implementation schedules, implementing minimization options, and monitoring success of the minimization strategy using periodic status reports. The Westinghouse waste minimization program was formalized by assigning a team of chemical/process engineers to perform assessments. Some of the successes achieved in this program are described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":367238,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 20th Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132523143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-10-07DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1991.162580
M. Haldeman
The Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) and its relation to OEM electrical tapes is discussed. UL 1950 is the UL Standard for Safety titled. Information Technology Including Electrical Business Equipment. The author discusses what equipment is covered by the UL 1950, how CTI is measured, and how CTI is handled in UL 1950.<>
{"title":"Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) and UL 1950","authors":"M. Haldeman","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1991.162580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1991.162580","url":null,"abstract":"The Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) and its relation to OEM electrical tapes is discussed. UL 1950 is the UL Standard for Safety titled. Information Technology Including Electrical Business Equipment. The author discusses what equipment is covered by the UL 1950, how CTI is measured, and how CTI is handled in UL 1950.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":367238,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 20th Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125345821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-01DOI: 10.1080/08956308.1990.11670685
G. Nicholson
In 1988, 3M's worldwide sales topped $10-billion for the first time, and global expansion became a major corporate strategy, with International Operations setting a new goal-to achieve 50% of 3M sales by 1992. About one-fifth of 3M's $721-million worldwide R&D budget was earmarked for International Operations in 1988. The global technical resources totaled 7556 employees, with 2130 of those were located outside the United States. The sharing of technical information is an essential ingredient of innovation and creativity; hence 3M's sharing through exchange or reports; short-, medium- and long-term employee exchanges are methods that 3M has found effective.<>
{"title":"3M's international experience","authors":"G. Nicholson","doi":"10.1080/08956308.1990.11670685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.1990.11670685","url":null,"abstract":"In 1988, 3M's worldwide sales topped $10-billion for the first time, and global expansion became a major corporate strategy, with International Operations setting a new goal-to achieve 50% of 3M sales by 1992. About one-fifth of 3M's $721-million worldwide R&D budget was earmarked for International Operations in 1988. The global technical resources totaled 7556 employees, with 2130 of those were located outside the United States. The sharing of technical information is an essential ingredient of innovation and creativity; hence 3M's sharing through exchange or reports; short-, medium- and long-term employee exchanges are methods that 3M has found effective.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":367238,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 20th Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127808988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/EEIC.1991.162614
B. R. Thomas
It is noted that totally stress-free potting is not theoretically possible, but stresses can be minimized by lowering the CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) to match the CTE of the substrate material and lowering the shrinkage as much as possible. Since substrate materials usually have very low CTE, it is not possible to exactly match this with a potting compound. Shrinkage, CTE, and cost are best lowered by the addition of inorganic fillers, but viscosity and heat distortion (T/sub g/) are limiting factors. CTE and T/sub g/ of component materials can be related, because of the strong correlation between the two properties. Equations are given which may be used by the formulator to help bring the formulated product to the desired CTE and T/sub g/. Shrinkage may be retarded with a slower or lower-temperature cure, but is minimized by the addition of non-shrink, non-reactive materials to take up the available volume.<>
{"title":"Stress-free potting","authors":"B. R. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/EEIC.1991.162614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIC.1991.162614","url":null,"abstract":"It is noted that totally stress-free potting is not theoretically possible, but stresses can be minimized by lowering the CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) to match the CTE of the substrate material and lowering the shrinkage as much as possible. Since substrate materials usually have very low CTE, it is not possible to exactly match this with a potting compound. Shrinkage, CTE, and cost are best lowered by the addition of inorganic fillers, but viscosity and heat distortion (T/sub g/) are limiting factors. CTE and T/sub g/ of component materials can be related, because of the strong correlation between the two properties. Equations are given which may be used by the formulator to help bring the formulated product to the desired CTE and T/sub g/. Shrinkage may be retarded with a slower or lower-temperature cure, but is minimized by the addition of non-shrink, non-reactive materials to take up the available volume.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":367238,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 20th Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116783456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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