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2021 6th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics (ICARM)最新文献

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Compliant Bipedal Walking Based on Variable Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum Model with Finite-sized Foot* 基于可变弹簧载荷倒立摆模型的有限足部柔性双足行走*
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1109/ICARM52023.2021.9536096
Sicheng Xie, Xinyu Li, Haorang Zhong, Chenghao Hu, Liang Gao
Traditional Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) model is underactuated for ignoring the foot with ankle, which limits the movability and controllability of the robot in bipedal walking. This paper proposes a new walking template called Variable Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum Model with Finite-sized Foot (VSLIP-FF) for biped robots. By extending the SLIP model with a finite-sized foot and a 1-DoF ankle joint for each leg and making the leg stiffness adjustable, the VSLIP-FF model can be used to realize compliant bipedal walking in complex environments. Inspired by the characteristics of human walking, an adaptive leg stretching and contracting strategy for gait planning is proposed to play the role of the ankle joint. To ensure walking stability, the Foot-Rotation Indicator (FRI) point is used as the stability criterion to prevent the robot from falling. The differential evolution algorithm is used to generate the desired center of mass (CoM) and foot trajectories of a complete walking cycle. Simulation results suggest that, compared with the SLIP model, the step length range of the VSLIP-FF model with the gait planning method is increased by 19.35%. Based on this method, the complaint walking experiment for the biped robot to step over discrete terrain is realized.
传统的弹簧倒立摆(SLIP)模型由于忽略了带踝关节的足部,导致驱动不足,限制了机器人在两足行走中的可动性和可控性。本文提出了一种新的双足机器人步行模板——可变弹簧载荷有限足倒立摆模型(VSLIP-FF)。通过将SLIP模型扩展为有限尺寸的足和每条腿1自由度踝关节,并使腿的刚度可调,VSLIP-FF模型可用于实现复杂环境下的柔性两足行走。根据人类行走的特点,提出了一种自适应的腿部伸展和收缩策略,以发挥踝关节的作用,进行步态规划。为了保证行走的稳定性,采用足部旋转指示器(Foot-Rotation Indicator, FRI)点作为稳定性判据,防止机器人坠落。采用差分进化算法生成完整步行周期所需的质心和足部轨迹。仿真结果表明,与SLIP模型相比,采用步态规划方法的VSLIP-FF模型的步长范围提高了19.35%。在此基础上,实现了双足机器人跨越离散地形的投诉行走实验。
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引用次数: 3
Global Localization for Single 3D Point Cloud using Voting Mechanism 基于投票机制的单三维点云全局定位
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1109/ICARM52023.2021.9536101
Ye Jin, Qinying Chen, Jie Qian, Jialing Liu, Jianhua Zhang
Global localization on a given map is a vital problem for robot navigation tasks. Segments-based methods most rely on the dense point clouds, and do not work well when points are sparse. It needs robots to walk a certain distance to accumulate point clouds for segments, which is not safe for robots in an unknown environment. To solve this problem, we propose a novel global localization method which only needs the first single LiDAR scan at the initial stage when the robot starts. The first single LiDAR scan is treated as a query point cloud, the extracted descriptors of this query point cloud is compared with the prior Map’s descriptors in the database which are stored in a KD tree, and the most similar frame is selected for registration. In particular, we create a voting mechanism, a two-phase search strategy for place recognition, which reduces the query time. We evaluate our method on KITTI and MVSEC datasets, and our localization accuracy is increased by 52.8% compared with SegMap validated the effectiveness of our method.
在给定地图上的全局定位是机器人导航任务的关键问题。基于片段的方法大多依赖于密集的点云,当点稀疏时效果不佳。它需要机器人走一定的距离来积累分段的点云,这对于机器人在未知的环境中是不安全的。为了解决这一问题,我们提出了一种新的全局定位方法,该方法在机器人启动的初始阶段只需要进行第一次激光雷达扫描。将第一次单次LiDAR扫描作为查询点云,提取的查询点云描述符与数据库中存储在KD树中的先前Map描述符进行比较,并选择最相似的帧进行配准。特别地,我们创建了一种投票机制,一种用于地点识别的两阶段搜索策略,减少了查询时间。我们在KITTI和MVSEC数据集上对我们的方法进行了评估,与SegMap相比,我们的定位精度提高了52.8%,验证了我们方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 2
Dynamic Model Identification of Collaborative Robots Using a Three-Loop Iterative Method 基于三环迭代法的协作机器人动态模型辨识
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1109/ICARM52023.2021.9536165
Jie Deng, Weiwei Shang, Bin Zhang, Shengchao Zhen, S. Cong
Accurate dynamic model is of crucial importance for collaborative robot to achieve a satisfying performance in model-based control or other applications. Nevertheless, it is often difficult to identify dynamic parameters accurately due to the joint elasticity and nonlinear fricitonal impact. Considering viscous friction nonlinearity and a minor Stribeck effect commonly seen in the practical situations, we present a three-loop iterative method for the dynamic model identification of collaborative robots. The inner loop is well-designed to identify the mass-inertial parameters and linear friction parameters of the robot with a least-squares approach. As for the middle loop, a suitable nonlinear viscous friction model is applied to improve the identification results. The impact of the Stribeck effect is thoroughly studied in the outer loop. Experiments on a six-dof collaborative robot have proved the identification errors can be significantly reduced by our method.
精确的动力学模型对于协作机器人在基于模型的控制或其他应用中取得满意的性能至关重要。然而,由于关节的弹性和非线性摩擦冲击,动态参数的准确识别往往是困难的。考虑到实际情况中常见的粘性摩擦非线性和轻微的Stribeck效应,提出了一种用于协作机器人动态模型辨识的三环迭代方法。设计了内环,利用最小二乘法辨识机器人的质量-惯性参数和线性摩擦参数。对于中回路,采用合适的非线性粘性摩擦模型来改善辨识结果。在外环中对斯特里贝克效应的影响进行了深入的研究。在六自由度协作机器人上的实验证明,该方法能显著降低识别误差。
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引用次数: 0
Game Theoretic Modeling and Decision Making for Connected Vehicle Interactions at Urban Intersections 城市交叉口网联车辆交互博弈建模与决策
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1109/ICARM52023.2021.9536147
Jiacheng Cai, P. Hang, Chen Lv
To ensure safe and efficient deployment in real world, autonomous vehicles (AVs) need to deal with complex interactions. This study deduced the rudiment of a meta decision-making model for connected vehicle interactions at urban intersections based on a game-theoretic framework. In this work, one of the key components is a newly proposed set of attributes, i.e. the Egoism, Aggressiveness and Rationality, abbreviated as the EAR. It has great potential to indicate how the interaction between two vehicle agents would progress further, which enables the multi-equilibria problem to be solved in a more efficient way. Besides, the Approximate-Equivalent-Trajectory method is utilized to ensure the generalization and computational efficiency of the model. Finally, the proposed method is validated using both simulations and real-world human driving dataset. The results and analysis demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
为了确保在现实世界中安全高效地部署,自动驾驶汽车(AVs)需要处理复杂的交互。本文基于博弈论框架,推导了城市交叉口网联车辆交互元决策模型的雏形。在这项工作中,其中一个关键组成部分是一组新提出的属性,即利己主义,侵略性和理性,缩写为EAR。它有很大的潜力表明两个车辆智能体之间的相互作用将如何进一步发展,这使得多平衡问题能够以更有效的方式得到解决。采用近似等效轨迹法,保证了模型的泛化和计算效率。最后,利用仿真和真实人类驾驶数据集对该方法进行了验证。结果和分析验证了所提算法的可行性和有效性。
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引用次数: 4
Visual Servo Control of Underwater Vehicles Based on Image Moments 基于图像矩的水下机器人视觉伺服控制
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1109/ICARM52023.2021.9536071
Yang Zhou, Yuanxu Zhang, Jian Gao, Xuman An
To solve the dynamic positioning problem of underwater vehicles for executing autonomous operation tasks, an image moments-based six degrees of freedom (DOF) visual servo control method is proposed. At first, the equations of motion of underwater vehicles are presented, and the image moments of underwater objects are introduced. Then the Jacobian matrix of image moments is derived, and the image- based visual servo control algorithm is designed, in which the feedback states are constructed by the image moments and attitude angles of the vehicle. To estimate the pitch and roll angles, a multi-layer neural network is trained to approximate the angles with image moments. The stability of the proposed visual servo control is analyzed by a Lyapunov-based method. The simulation results prove that the proposed control method has satisfactory performances for decoupled control of different DOFs with underwater targets with different shapes.
为了解决水下航行器执行自主作业任务的动态定位问题,提出了一种基于图像矩的六自由度视觉伺服控制方法。首先给出了水下航行器的运动方程,并引入了水下物体的像矩。然后推导了图像矩的雅可比矩阵,设计了基于图像的视觉伺服控制算法,该算法由图像矩和姿态角构成反馈状态。为了估计俯仰角和滚转角,我们训练了一个多层神经网络,用图像矩来近似俯仰角和滚转角。采用基于李雅普诺夫的方法分析了视觉伺服控制的稳定性。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方法对于不同形状水下目标的不同自由度解耦控制具有满意的效果。
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引用次数: 2
[ICARM 2021 Front cover] [ICARM 2021封面]
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1109/icarm52023.2021.9536061
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引用次数: 0
Multi-objective Optimization of Planetary Reducer Based on an Improved Genetic Algorithm 基于改进遗传算法的行星减速器多目标优化
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1109/ICARM52023.2021.9536063
J. Zheng, Guang-liang Wang
This paper presents a multi-objective optimization of planetary reducer based on an improved multi-objective genetic algorithm (IMOGA). Minimization of volume, maximization of transmission ratio and efficiency are set as three objectives. However, owing to the difference of difficulty in solving objective functions, the optimization model of planetary reducer has the problem of uneven distribution of competitive pressure, the conventional evolutionary algorithm has poor convergence at the partial Pareto front. Thus, an improved multi-objective genetic algorithm using infeasible solution guidance and hybrid crossover operator of cytoplasm and chromosome is proposed. Experimental results of six test functions verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and show that IMOGA has faster convergence speed and better convergence in comparison with NSGA-II. Ultimately, a planetary reducer optimization problem is solved by IMOGA and NSGA-II. Comparison results illustrate the competitiveness of IMOGA and prove that IMOGA can provide better solutions for designer. The Pareto set of the planetary reducer is distributed in stepped. The solutions on the same step have similar efficiency and different steps have different distribution ranges in transmission ratio and volume.
提出了一种基于改进多目标遗传算法(IMOGA)的行星减速器多目标优化方法。体积最小化、传动比最大化和效率最大化被设定为三个目标。然而,由于目标函数求解难度的不同,行星减速器优化模型存在竞争压力分布不均匀的问题,传统进化算法在局部Pareto前沿收敛性较差。为此,提出了一种采用不可行解引导和细胞质与染色体杂交算子的改进多目标遗传算法。六个测试函数的实验结果验证了算法的有效性,并表明IMOGA与NSGA-II相比具有更快的收敛速度和更好的收敛性。最后,利用IMOGA和NSGA-II求解行星减速器的优化问题。对比结果说明了IMOGA的竞争力,证明了IMOGA可以为设计人员提供更好的解决方案。行星减速器的帕累托集呈阶梯分布。同一阶上的解效率相似,不同阶上的解在传动比和体积上的分布范围不同。
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引用次数: 0
Motion Control for Underactuated Robots Adaptable to Uneven Terrain by Decomposing Body Balance and Velocity Tracking 基于分解身体平衡和速度跟踪的欠驱动机器人非均匀地形运动控制
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1109/ICARM52023.2021.9536090
Xishuo Zhu, Lvyan Wang, Zhangguo Yu, Xuechao Chen, Lianqiang Han
Body balance and velocity tracking are important for biped robots, especially under-actuated robots, walking on uneven ground. This paper presents a motion control strategy for the torque control of an under-actuated biped robot. In the strategy, we decompose the motion control into body balance control and velocity tracking. The body balance control is used to realize body balance by controlling the body posture and symmetrical movement of the two legs. The velocity tracking is adopted to achieve the desired velocity, where the velocity and acceleration feedback to modify the target angles of the hip joints. With the proposed method, a torque-controlled robot can walk with a balanced body and stable velocity, as validated in experiments conducted for the under-actuated bipedal robot CRANE.
对于双足机器人,尤其是欠驱动机器人,在不平整的地面上行走时,身体平衡和速度跟踪是非常重要的。针对欠驱动双足机器人的转矩控制,提出了一种运动控制策略。在该策略中,我们将运动控制分解为身体平衡控制和速度跟踪。身体平衡控制是通过控制身体姿势和两条腿的对称运动来实现身体平衡。采用速度跟踪实现期望的速度,其中速度和加速度反馈来修改髋关节的目标角度。通过对欠驱动双足机器人CRANE的实验,验证了该方法能够实现力矩控制机器人的身体平衡和速度稳定行走。
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引用次数: 4
Foot Gesture Recognition with Flexible High-Density Device Based on Convolutional Neural Network * 基于卷积神经网络的柔性高密度设备足部手势识别*
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1109/ICARM52023.2021.9536141
Chengyu Lin, Yuxuan Tang, Yong Zhou, Kuangen Zhang, Zixuan Fan, Yang Yang, Yuquan Leng, Chenglong Fu
Upper-Limb prosthesis control is a huge challenge for high-level amputees or amputated patients with weak residual muscles signal. Previous researches achieved the control of prosthesis by foot electromyography (EMG). However, low adaptability and gesture classification accuracy due to muscle movement and device limits restrict the performance. Therefore, this paper proposes a flexible high-density wearable device based on convolutional neural network for foot gestures recognition. The flexible wearable device stretches with muscle movement and makes the recognition process more accurate and efficient. Nine classes of foot gestures that intuitively map the movements of prosthesis are classified by the convolutional neural network classifiers. This paper reaches an average classification accuracy of 93.98% for nine classes of foot gestures. High-accuracy recognition based on the flexible wearable device provides a possibility for the control of upper-limb prosthesis.
对于高水平截肢者或残肌信号较弱的截肢患者来说,上肢假肢的控制是一个巨大的挑战。以往的研究利用足部肌电图(EMG)实现了假肢的控制。然而,由于肌肉运动和设备的限制,适应性和手势分类精度较低,限制了其性能。因此,本文提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的柔性高密度可穿戴设备,用于足部手势识别。灵活的可穿戴设备随着肌肉运动伸展,使识别过程更加准确和高效。用卷积神经网络分类器对9类直观映射假肢运动的足部动作进行分类。本文对9类足部手势的平均分类准确率达到93.98%。基于柔性可穿戴设备的高精度识别为上肢假肢的控制提供了可能。
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引用次数: 4
Research on Fuzzy Adaptive and PD-Type Iterative Learning Control for Robot Manipulator 机器人机械臂模糊自适应与pd型迭代学习控制研究
Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1109/ICARM52023.2021.9536200
Zuojun Zhu, Xiangrong Xu, Yongfei Zhu, A. Rodic, P. Petrovic
In industrial production, the robot arm often carries out repetitive operations such as moving objects, which leads to the problem of motion accuracy decline. Combining the advantages of fuzzy control and iterative learning control, this paper presents a fuzzy self-adaptive PD-type iterative learning control method. Taking the double joint manipulator as the research object and the Fuzzy control rules are written by using the Fuzzy toolbox. The fuzzy controller is used to modify PD parameters in real-time to improve the adaptability of the system. The trajectory tracking control model of the manipulator is built in Simulink. The two control strategies of PD iterative learning control and the proposed method are compared. The simulation results show that the error generated by the proposed control method is less than the former one, and the error convergence speed is faster, and the overall control effect is quite well.
在工业生产中,机器人手臂经常进行移动物体等重复性操作,从而导致运动精度下降的问题。结合模糊控制和迭代学习控制的优点,提出了一种模糊自适应pd型迭代学习控制方法。以双关节机械手为研究对象,利用模糊工具箱编写模糊控制规则。采用模糊控制器实时修改PD参数,提高系统的自适应能力。在Simulink中建立了机械手的轨迹跟踪控制模型。比较了PD迭代学习控制和该方法的两种控制策略。仿真结果表明,所提控制方法产生的误差小于前一种控制方法,且误差收敛速度更快,总体控制效果较好。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2021 6th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics (ICARM)
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