2Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of Locomotor System, College of Medicine, University of São Paulo (Usp), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil 3Department of Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil ABSTRACT: Formaldehyde is a fixative and preservative widely used in anatomy laboratories, but it is harmful to health, and poses an environmental risk. Ethyl alcohol (EtOH) has also been used for effective fixation of bird muscles, and sodium chloride has been successfully tested for the preservation of anatomical parts for more than five years. The objective of this present study was to evaluate a new anatomical technique for teaching surgical techniques using dog cadavers fixed in EtOH, and preserved in a 30% aqueous solution of sodium chloride (ASSC). In addition, we aimed to determine the ideal time to stop the fixation, so that the skin and jejunum present biomechanical characteristics as close as possible to the control group of fresh animals. Five groups were used: a control group (fresh animals without fixation or conservation), and the other 4 groups which differed in the time of fixation in EtOH (30, 60, 90 and 120 days). Except for the controls, all groups were conserved in 30% ASSC for 120 days. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no difference between treatments and times (P > 0.05) relative to the skin, and showed at least one time significantly different from the others (P < 0.01) in relation to the jejunum. The non-linear modeling test showed differences in the group fixed in EtOH for 30 days, suggesting that this was the best time period for fixing dog cadavers for use in surgical training.
2巴西圣保罗州立大学(Usp)医学院生物力学、医学与运动系统康复系(ribebe o Preto) 3巴西圣保罗州立大学(Unesp)农业与兽医学院(Jaboticabal)精确科学系(巴西圣保罗)摘要:甲醛是一种广泛应用于解剖实验室的固定剂和防腐剂，但它对健康有害，并具有环境风险。乙醇(EtOH)也被用于有效固定鸟类肌肉，氯化钠在保存解剖部位方面的试验已成功进行了五年多。本研究的目的是评估一种新的解剖技术，用于教学手术技术，将狗尸体固定在EtOH中，并保存在30%氯化钠水溶液中。此外，我们的目的是确定理想的停止固定时间，使皮肤和空肠呈现尽可能接近新鲜动物对照组的生物力学特征。分为5组:对照组(未固定或保存的新鲜动物)和固定时间不同的4组(30、60、90和120 d)。除对照组外，其余各组均在30% ASSC中保存120天。统计方差分析(ANOVA)显示，与皮肤相关的治疗和时间差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)，与空肠相关的治疗和时间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。非线性模型检验显示，在EtOH固定30天的组存在差异，这表明这是固定狗尸体用于外科训练的最佳时间。
{"title":"Biomechanical Analysis of The Skin And Jejunum Of Dog Cadavers Subjected To A New Anatomical Preservation Technique For Surgical Teaching","authors":"Rocha Tass, Fechis Ads, F. Oliveira","doi":"10.56507/cpuh8052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/cpuh8052","url":null,"abstract":"2Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of Locomotor System, College of Medicine, University of São Paulo (Usp), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil 3Department of Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil ABSTRACT: Formaldehyde is a fixative and preservative widely used in anatomy laboratories, but it is harmful to health, and poses an environmental risk. Ethyl alcohol (EtOH) has also been used for effective fixation of bird muscles, and sodium chloride has been successfully tested for the preservation of anatomical parts for more than five years. The objective of this present study was to evaluate a new anatomical technique for teaching surgical techniques using dog cadavers fixed in EtOH, and preserved in a 30% aqueous solution of sodium chloride (ASSC). In addition, we aimed to determine the ideal time to stop the fixation, so that the skin and jejunum present biomechanical characteristics as close as possible to the control group of fresh animals. Five groups were used: a control group (fresh animals without fixation or conservation), and the other 4 groups which differed in the time of fixation in EtOH (30, 60, 90 and 120 days). Except for the controls, all groups were conserved in 30% ASSC for 120 days. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no difference between treatments and times (P > 0.05) relative to the skin, and showed at least one time significantly different from the others (P < 0.01) in relation to the jejunum. The non-linear modeling test showed differences in the group fixed in EtOH for 30 days, suggesting that this was the best time period for fixing dog cadavers for use in surgical training.","PeriodicalId":36740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44686598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BIODUR® Products GmbH, Im Bosseldorn 17, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany ABSTRACT: When people intend to start plastination at their institute, they are sometimes unaware of the scope of equipment, auxiliaries and chemicals they need. They may be even less aware of the potential hazards which arise from plastination. Certain chemicals may pose acute or chronic health hazards. Acetone, which is mostly used for dehydration and defatting, is a flammable liquid and therefore brings about fire and explosion hazards. In this paper, information about the characteristics of some commonly used chemicals in plastination is provided. Suitable personal protective equipment must be used to allow for safe working when handling these substances. For chemicals posing an inhalation hazard, technical room ventilation or workplace ventilation is required to keep the concentration of hazardous vapours below their respective workplace concentration limits. If ventilation is not sufficient, respiratory protection must be worn. Avoiding the risk of fire and explosion caused by handling of acetone or other flammable liquids is achieved by a combination of measures: Proper laboratory furnishings (ventilation system, electric installations, etc.) are of importance as well as the design of the equipment used for plastination. Depending on the result of the local risk assessment, some appliances like solvent pumps or fans should be designed to be explosion-proof. Organisational protective measures support the technical measures in order to enhance occupational safety. Here, proper instruction of staff is of particular importance..
{"title":"General Issues of Safety in Plastination","authors":"VK Schill","doi":"10.56507/njcy9228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/njcy9228","url":null,"abstract":"BIODUR® Products GmbH, Im Bosseldorn 17, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany ABSTRACT: When people intend to start plastination at their institute, they are sometimes unaware of the scope of equipment, auxiliaries and chemicals they need. They may be even less aware of the potential hazards which arise from plastination. Certain chemicals may pose acute or chronic health hazards. Acetone, which is mostly used for dehydration and defatting, is a flammable liquid and therefore brings about fire and explosion hazards. In this paper, information about the characteristics of some commonly used chemicals in plastination is provided. Suitable personal protective equipment must be used to allow for safe working when handling these substances. For chemicals posing an inhalation hazard, technical room ventilation or workplace ventilation is required to keep the concentration of hazardous vapours below their respective workplace concentration limits. If ventilation is not sufficient, respiratory protection must be worn. Avoiding the risk of fire and explosion caused by handling of acetone or other flammable liquids is achieved by a combination of measures: Proper laboratory furnishings (ventilation system, electric installations, etc.) are of importance as well as the design of the equipment used for plastination. Depending on the result of the local risk assessment, some appliances like solvent pumps or fans should be designed to be explosion-proof. Organisational protective measures support the technical measures in order to enhance occupational safety. Here, proper instruction of staff is of particular importance..","PeriodicalId":36740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47234222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Athelson, Bittencourt, Y. F. Monteiro, L.S. Juvenato, M. L. Ramos, T. A. Rocha, C. Santos, A. Fechis, F. Oliveira
{"title":"A Comparison of Different De-plastination Methodologies for Preparing Histological Sections of Material Plastinated with Biodur® S10 / S3","authors":"S. Athelson, Bittencourt, Y. F. Monteiro, L.S. Juvenato, M. L. Ramos, T. A. Rocha, C. Santos, A. Fechis, F. Oliveira","doi":"10.56507/ohlf5315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/ohlf5315","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48947940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Challenges of Plastinating a Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Heart","authors":"","doi":"10.56507/sjtl1096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/sjtl1096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43214122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Department of Animal Health (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases) 2Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy Regional Campus of International Excellence University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain ABSTRACT: Plastination is a method of preserving biological tissue in a dry, odorless state, avoiding the use of traditional chemicals, some of them carcinogenic, such as formaldehyde. In recent years, plastination has been introduced in many anatomy departments of human and veterinary medicine, where plastinated specimens are used as a teaching tool for gross anatomy. There are very few references in the literature describing the plastination of parasitic specimens. Formalin-fixed Oestrus ovis larvae, stages L2 and L3, were dehydrated in acetone, and plastinated with the standard Biodur® S10 protocol. Plastinated larvae suffered a collapse of their structures, with a macroscopic deformation of their appearance. In a second test, making an incision in the ventral part of the cuticle allowed us to obtain, for the first time, plastinated larvae of Oestrus ovis, preserving the morphological characteristics that these specimens had before the plastination process.
{"title":"S10 Plastination Technique for Preservation of Parasites: the case of Oestrus ovis larvae","authors":"M. Gonzálvez, J. Ortiz, R. Latorre","doi":"10.56507/mubj3876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/mubj3876","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Animal Health (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases) 2Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy Regional Campus of International Excellence University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain ABSTRACT: Plastination is a method of preserving biological tissue in a dry, odorless state, avoiding the use of traditional chemicals, some of them carcinogenic, such as formaldehyde. In recent years, plastination has been introduced in many anatomy departments of human and veterinary medicine, where plastinated specimens are used as a teaching tool for gross anatomy. There are very few references in the literature describing the plastination of parasitic specimens. Formalin-fixed Oestrus ovis larvae, stages L2 and L3, were dehydrated in acetone, and plastinated with the standard Biodur® S10 protocol. Plastinated larvae suffered a collapse of their structures, with a macroscopic deformation of their appearance. In a second test, making an incision in the ventral part of the cuticle allowed us to obtain, for the first time, plastinated larvae of Oestrus ovis, preserving the morphological characteristics that these specimens had before the plastination process.","PeriodicalId":36740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42994819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2 Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Spain. ABSTRACT: The archaeological excavation of a Phoenician shipwreck at Bajo de la Campana, San Javier, Murcia, Spain, was carried out from 2007 to 2011 under a collaboration agreement between the Institute of Nautical Archaeology of Texas A & M University, and the Ministry of Culture of Spain, through the National Museum of Underwater Archaeology of Cartagena. Throughout successive campaigns of systematic excavation, the archaeologists documented and raised an extraordinary cargo of a Phoenician wreck dated between 7th – 6th centuries BC. Among the raw materials it carried there was a magnificent set of 53 elephant tusks, and fragments of elephant tusks, some of them with inscriptions. The uniqueness of this archaeological find is due to it being one of the few known examples of Phoenician navigation in the Mediterranean Sea, and the first time a shipment carrying ivory as raw material has been documented in Spain. With this work, we present the results of the plastination process carried out on waterlogged archaeological remains, as an alternative to traditional preservation procedures on items of cultural heritage, which have proved to be ineffective due to the extreme density of ivory. We tested the Biodur® S15 plastination technique at room temperature in successive phases, each step depending on the results obtained in the previous steps. Elephant tusk fragments were dehydrated with acetone, and subsequently impregnated with a mixture of polymer and catalyst, Biodur® S15 plus 1% S3. After impregnation, they were exposed to Biodur® S6 crosslinker, for the curing phase. The time taken for each step varied proportionally, according to the size of the ivory fragments. The results obtained were satisfactory, both in dimensional stability and visual aspect, essential for the study and exhibition of these pieces that are part of our cultural heritage. It should be noted that these optimum results have been maintained over time, two years since their processing, which validates this technique of plastination as a procedure for preserving waterlogged archaeological materials.
2解剖学与比较病理解剖学；西班牙穆尔西亚大学国际卓越区域校区“Mare Nostrum校区”。摘要：根据得克萨斯农工大学航海考古研究所与西班牙文化部的合作协议，于2007年至2011年，通过卡塔赫纳国家水下考古博物馆，在西班牙穆尔西亚圣哈维尔的Bajo de la Campana对一艘腓尼基沉船进行了考古发掘。在连续的系统挖掘活动中，考古学家记录并打捞了一批公元前7至6世纪的腓尼基沉船。在它携带的原材料中，有一套华丽的53根象牙和象牙碎片，其中一些带有铭文。这一考古发现的独特性是因为它是已知的少数腓尼基人在地中海航行的例子之一，也是西班牙首次记录到以象牙为原料的货物。通过这项工作，我们展示了对浸水的考古遗迹进行塑化处理的结果，作为文化遗产项目传统保存程序的替代方案，由于象牙密度极高，传统保存程序已被证明是无效的。我们在室温下对Biodur®S15塑化技术进行了连续阶段的测试，每一步都取决于之前步骤中获得的结果。象牙碎片用丙酮脱水，随后用聚合物和催化剂的混合物Biodur®S15加1%S3浸渍。浸渍后，将其暴露于Biodur®S6交联剂中，用于固化阶段。根据象牙碎片的大小，每一步所花费的时间都成比例地变化。所获得的结果在尺寸稳定性和视觉方面都令人满意，这对于研究和展览这些作为我们文化遗产一部分的作品至关重要。值得注意的是，这些最佳结果在加工两年后一直保持着，这证明了这种塑化技术是保存浸水考古材料的一种程序。
{"title":"Plastination Applied To The Conservation of Cultural Heritage","authors":"M. Buendía, O. López-Albors, R. Latorre","doi":"10.56507/fbbk5475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/fbbk5475","url":null,"abstract":"2 Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Spain. ABSTRACT: The archaeological excavation of a Phoenician shipwreck at Bajo de la Campana, San Javier, Murcia, Spain, was carried out from 2007 to 2011 under a collaboration agreement between the Institute of Nautical Archaeology of Texas A & M University, and the Ministry of Culture of Spain, through the National Museum of Underwater Archaeology of Cartagena. Throughout successive campaigns of systematic excavation, the archaeologists documented and raised an extraordinary cargo of a Phoenician wreck dated between 7th – 6th centuries BC. Among the raw materials it carried there was a magnificent set of 53 elephant tusks, and fragments of elephant tusks, some of them with inscriptions. The uniqueness of this archaeological find is due to it being one of the few known examples of Phoenician navigation in the Mediterranean Sea, and the first time a shipment carrying ivory as raw material has been documented in Spain. With this work, we present the results of the plastination process carried out on waterlogged archaeological remains, as an alternative to traditional preservation procedures on items of cultural heritage, which have proved to be ineffective due to the extreme density of ivory. We tested the Biodur® S15 plastination technique at room temperature in successive phases, each step depending on the results obtained in the previous steps. Elephant tusk fragments were dehydrated with acetone, and subsequently impregnated with a mixture of polymer and catalyst, Biodur® S15 plus 1% S3. After impregnation, they were exposed to Biodur® S6 crosslinker, for the curing phase. The time taken for each step varied proportionally, according to the size of the ivory fragments. The results obtained were satisfactory, both in dimensional stability and visual aspect, essential for the study and exhibition of these pieces that are part of our cultural heritage. It should be noted that these optimum results have been maintained over time, two years since their processing, which validates this technique of plastination as a procedure for preserving waterlogged archaeological materials.","PeriodicalId":36740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42853393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
s Presented at the 12th Interim Meeting of the ISP in Durban, South Africa – p37 Preview of ISP 2018, Dalian – p65 IN THIS ISSUE: The Journal of Plastination ISSN 2311-7761 ISSN 2311-777X online The official publication of the International Society for Plastination
{"title":"Rehabilitation of Plastinated Anatomical Prosections Using Silicone Adhesive and Pre-Cured S10/S3-Impregnated Fascia and Muscle","authors":"Joshua Johnson, E. Baker","doi":"10.56507/yvps5638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/yvps5638","url":null,"abstract":"s Presented at the 12th Interim Meeting of the ISP in Durban, South Africa – p37 Preview of ISP 2018, Dalian – p65 IN THIS ISSUE: The Journal of Plastination ISSN 2311-7761 ISSN 2311-777X online The official publication of the International Society for Plastination","PeriodicalId":36740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42805883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Department of Anatomy Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center Chikkasandra, Hesaragatta Main Road Bengaluru560090 Karnataka, India ABSTRACT: The tracheo-bronchial tree is rather difficult for anyone to understand without visual aids. Luminal corrosion casts made of silicone sealant material give a better orientation that aids understanding. Many different materials like gelatin and different types of silicone, and different methods such as injecting the solutions with a syringe and a gun have previously been used in cast preparation. Some methods are costly, and some are difficult to carry out, requiring much care in the procedures. In the present study, the sealant material “WACKER GP” general purpose silicone sealant, (Wacker® Wacker Chemie AG Munich, Germany), which is low in cost and easily available in hardware shops, has been used. The method adopted to inject the silicone using an injection gun is relatively very easy. The prepared bronchial tree cast was found to be safe to handle, soft, flexible and has long-lasting durability. The cost of preparation is very low compared to other methods.
{"title":"Corrosion Cast of Bronchopulmonary Segments","authors":"","doi":"10.56507/brff2752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/brff2752","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Anatomy Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center Chikkasandra, Hesaragatta Main Road Bengaluru560090 Karnataka, India ABSTRACT: The tracheo-bronchial tree is rather difficult for anyone to understand without visual aids. Luminal corrosion casts made of silicone sealant material give a better orientation that aids understanding. Many different materials like gelatin and different types of silicone, and different methods such as injecting the solutions with a syringe and a gun have previously been used in cast preparation. Some methods are costly, and some are difficult to carry out, requiring much care in the procedures. In the present study, the sealant material “WACKER GP” general purpose silicone sealant, (Wacker® Wacker Chemie AG Munich, Germany), which is low in cost and easily available in hardware shops, has been used. The method adopted to inject the silicone using an injection gun is relatively very easy. The prepared bronchial tree cast was found to be safe to handle, soft, flexible and has long-lasting durability. The cost of preparation is very low compared to other methods.","PeriodicalId":36740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44576091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahmoud Satte, T. Ali, Abdel Hafeez Yagoub, Mohamed
Anatomy Department, College of Graduate Studies, National Ribat University, Khartoum, 12214, Sudan. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to search for an economical, effective, and safe method of tissue preservation compared to the high-cost standard plastination technique currently used for preservation of human and animal tissues. This study was conducted on 144 specimens of adult sheep, divided into 11 experimental groups and one control group; each group contained 12 specimens of four halves of kidneys, hearts and brains. The experimental groups were preserved in eleven different concentrations of gum Arabic solutions, made of a mixture of gum Arabic powder, glycerine and distilled water, while the control group was preserved in silicone-S10 as the standard method of plastination used in tissues preservation. The innovative use of forced impregnation and vacuum to “infuse” the gum Arabic solution was the successful mechanism used in this new technique. It borrows the key step of the plastination technique, that is, forced impregnation to impregnate the biological tissues with gum Arabic solution. The results of the current study revealed durable, realistic preserved specimens with permanent, clear, anatomical features. In conclusion, gum Arabic solution can be used as a low-cost and safe preservation method for teaching anatomy in medical and veterinary colleges, comparable to silicone-S10 plastination, but less expensive.
{"title":"The Use of Vacuum Forced Impregnation of Gum Arabic Solution in Biological Tissues for Long-Term Preservation","authors":"Mahmoud Satte, T. Ali, Abdel Hafeez Yagoub, Mohamed","doi":"10.56507/nssx1797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/nssx1797","url":null,"abstract":"Anatomy Department, College of Graduate Studies, National Ribat University, Khartoum, 12214, Sudan. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to search for an economical, effective, and safe method of tissue preservation compared to the high-cost standard plastination technique currently used for preservation of human and animal tissues. This study was conducted on 144 specimens of adult sheep, divided into 11 experimental groups and one control group; each group contained 12 specimens of four halves of kidneys, hearts and brains. The experimental groups were preserved in eleven different concentrations of gum Arabic solutions, made of a mixture of gum Arabic powder, glycerine and distilled water, while the control group was preserved in silicone-S10 as the standard method of plastination used in tissues preservation. The innovative use of forced impregnation and vacuum to “infuse” the gum Arabic solution was the successful mechanism used in this new technique. It borrows the key step of the plastination technique, that is, forced impregnation to impregnate the biological tissues with gum Arabic solution. The results of the current study revealed durable, realistic preserved specimens with permanent, clear, anatomical features. In conclusion, gum Arabic solution can be used as a low-cost and safe preservation method for teaching anatomy in medical and veterinary colleges, comparable to silicone-S10 plastination, but less expensive.","PeriodicalId":36740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43368827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Centre for Anatomy and Molecular Medicine, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria. ABSTRACT: There are two common methods for carrying out plastination with silicone polymer: coldtemperature impregnation (at -15 to -25°C) or impregnation at room temperature. The standard Biodur technique is the cold impregnation method, although some plastinators prefer to impregnate at room temperature. The aim of our study was to determine the viscosity of standard Biodur® silicone mixtures under different temperature conditions, in order to determine the optimum impregnation time. Two standard silicone mixtures were prepared: S10/S3, and S15/S3. Each silicone mixture was then divided into 3 equal parts in order to determine the viscosity at -25°C, room temperature (+20°C), and +40°C. Measurements of viscosity were carried weekly, for four weeks, using a rotary viscometer. The initial viscosity of S10/S3 at -25°C was 4 000 mPa.s, and it remained almost the same for the next 4 weeks. At room temperature, the viscosity reached 4 000 mPa.s after 4 weeks. At +40°C this value was reached after 10 days. The viscosity of the S15 mixture at -25°C increased to 455 mPa.s after one day and remained almost constant through the next 4 weeks. At room temperature the viscosity reached 400 mPa.s after 3 weeks, and at +40°C it increased to 400 mPa.s after 8 days Impregnation at room temperature is possible with both S10 and S15. For the S10 method, an impregnation period of 2 weeks would be recommended, With S15, impregnation at room temperature could be carried out over a period of 1 week, which would be possible for advanced plastinators. However, it is not recommended to plastinate nervous tissue at room temperature.
{"title":"Room temperature Impregnation with Cold Temperature Biodur® Silicone: A Study of Viscosity.","authors":"M. Șora","doi":"10.56507/qida3140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56507/qida3140","url":null,"abstract":"Centre for Anatomy and Molecular Medicine, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria. ABSTRACT: There are two common methods for carrying out plastination with silicone polymer: coldtemperature impregnation (at -15 to -25°C) or impregnation at room temperature. The standard Biodur technique is the cold impregnation method, although some plastinators prefer to impregnate at room temperature. The aim of our study was to determine the viscosity of standard Biodur® silicone mixtures under different temperature conditions, in order to determine the optimum impregnation time. Two standard silicone mixtures were prepared: S10/S3, and S15/S3. Each silicone mixture was then divided into 3 equal parts in order to determine the viscosity at -25°C, room temperature (+20°C), and +40°C. Measurements of viscosity were carried weekly, for four weeks, using a rotary viscometer. The initial viscosity of S10/S3 at -25°C was 4 000 mPa.s, and it remained almost the same for the next 4 weeks. At room temperature, the viscosity reached 4 000 mPa.s after 4 weeks. At +40°C this value was reached after 10 days. The viscosity of the S15 mixture at -25°C increased to 455 mPa.s after one day and remained almost constant through the next 4 weeks. At room temperature the viscosity reached 400 mPa.s after 3 weeks, and at +40°C it increased to 400 mPa.s after 8 days Impregnation at room temperature is possible with both S10 and S15. For the S10 method, an impregnation period of 2 weeks would be recommended, With S15, impregnation at room temperature could be carried out over a period of 1 week, which would be possible for advanced plastinators. However, it is not recommended to plastinate nervous tissue at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":36740,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44599248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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