Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.24318
E. Mirabi, N. Nasrollahi, M. Dadkhah
Natural ventilation is application of natural drift power of wind. Wind can enter and exit buildings through the openings on facades. Hence, Form of facades can impact the air flow behaviour and consequently natural ventilation because they can change the pressure distribution on facades. Moreover, wind pressure difference between windward and leeward facades of buildings is the most important factor affecting natural ventilation. So, it is worthy to focus on facade details in order to enhance natural ventilation. Particularly, geometrical details of facades such as protrusions and indentations e.g. balconies can be considered effective elements on average pressure distribution on both windward and leeward facades, changing pressure difference between these facades. This difference can drive the air flow towards interior spaces significantly. Although this basic rule has been used by different researchers in order to increase natural ventilation buildings, the most research has been studied buildings with flat facades. Therefore, this study aims to investigate effects of balcony types on the natural ventilation. Three types of balcony are simulated and the wind pressure distribution on the windward and leeward facades are analysed. All these simulations are carried out for normally (perpendicular) and obliquely incident wind. This study is performed with Ansys Fluent 18 for all simulations. The results showed that balcony types can affect the pressure distribution on the windward and leeward facades of buildings, leading to the more or less pressure difference between these two facades. These results show that protrusion (protrusive balcony) can cause more complicated pattern of the wind pressure on facades than the others. Also, Re-entrant balcony causes the more pressure differences between the windward and leeward facades and enhances natural ventilation of buildings more considerably than the protrusive one.
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Balcony Types on the Naturally-Ventilated Buildings","authors":"E. Mirabi, N. Nasrollahi, M. Dadkhah","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.24318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.24318","url":null,"abstract":"Natural ventilation is application of natural drift power of wind. Wind can enter and exit buildings through the openings on facades. Hence, Form of facades can impact the air flow behaviour and consequently natural ventilation because they can change the pressure distribution on facades. Moreover, wind pressure difference between windward and leeward facades of buildings is the most important factor affecting natural ventilation. So, it is worthy to focus on facade details in order to enhance natural ventilation. Particularly, geometrical details of facades such as protrusions and indentations e.g. balconies can be considered effective elements on average pressure distribution on both windward and leeward facades, changing pressure difference between these facades. This difference can drive the air flow towards interior spaces significantly. Although this basic rule has been used by different researchers in order to increase natural ventilation buildings, the most research has been studied buildings with flat facades. Therefore, this study aims to investigate effects of balcony types on the natural ventilation. Three types of balcony are simulated and the wind pressure distribution on the windward and leeward facades are analysed. All these simulations are carried out for normally (perpendicular) and obliquely incident wind. This study is performed with Ansys Fluent 18 for all simulations. The results showed that balcony types can affect the pressure distribution on the windward and leeward facades of buildings, leading to the more or less pressure difference between these two facades. These results show that protrusion (protrusive balcony) can cause more complicated pattern of the wind pressure on facades than the others. Also, Re-entrant balcony causes the more pressure differences between the windward and leeward facades and enhances natural ventilation of buildings more considerably than the protrusive one.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42550081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.21345
Gülşen Dişli
Historic tombs are important buildings in our architectural legacy both in terms of their tangible and intangible values. Hence, they are among the monuments preserved by Turkish government’s related bodies, providing substantial grants for the preservation of these buildings. This study examines a 16th century historic tomb, Karyagdi Sultan Tomb, located in a congested area in Ankara, Turkey. Although the tomb is at the hearth of the city and can be reached easily, it is not much known and visited by the community because of the unplanned constructions mostly used for commercial purposes surrounding and hiding the building. The objective of this study is to investigate sustainability potentials and develop revitalization suggestions of the tomb and its neighbourhood appropriate to the environmental, cultural, and social values of the region by means of need analysis, field works, and interviews with the local community. Overall, the study findings suggest that thanks to the appropriate sustainable solutions for the development of the neighbourhood and existing built heritage with regard to community, neighbourhood, and building context, visiting capacity and recognition of the tomb and the area can be increased substantially. Hence the research formulated several holistic sustainable preservation suggestions, and recommended further studies in order to realize the potentials of sustainability evident.
{"title":"Revitalization and Sustainability of Historic Tombs with Their Neighbourhood: A case from Turkey","authors":"Gülşen Dişli","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.21345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.21345","url":null,"abstract":"Historic tombs are important buildings in our architectural legacy both in terms of their tangible and intangible values. Hence, they are among the monuments preserved by Turkish government’s related bodies, providing substantial grants for the preservation of these buildings. This study examines a 16th century historic tomb, Karyagdi Sultan Tomb, located in a congested area in Ankara, Turkey. Although the tomb is at the hearth of the city and can be reached easily, it is not much known and visited by the community because of the unplanned constructions mostly used for commercial purposes surrounding and hiding the building. The objective of this study is to investigate sustainability potentials and develop revitalization suggestions of the tomb and its neighbourhood appropriate to the environmental, cultural, and social values of the region by means of need analysis, field works, and interviews with the local community. Overall, the study findings suggest that thanks to the appropriate sustainable solutions for the development of the neighbourhood and existing built heritage with regard to community, neighbourhood, and building context, visiting capacity and recognition of the tomb and the area can be increased substantially. Hence the research formulated several holistic sustainable preservation suggestions, and recommended further studies in order to realize the potentials of sustainability evident.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44475800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.22393
Aušra Mlinkauskienė, Laura Jankauskaitė-Jurevičienė, P. Christensen, L. Finocchiaro, G. Lobaccaro
European countries are developing or implementing policies that promote or require the use of information modelling in the architecture, engineering, construction and manufacture sectors. The integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) to these sectors includes social, economic, political, legal and other aspects. This is why the implementation of BIM requires an integrated and broad approach that includes not only the BIM implementation and development strategy in designing companies but also in the field of education and professional training. The article discusses the potential of integrating BIM in different study programs and the possibilities of international cooperation in interdisciplinary BIM projects. The different levels of BIM will be explored in connection to different curricula. Particular attention is paid to the compatibility and applicability of design and innovative technology solutions using BIM methodology and the development of co-operation between higher education institutions in the Nordic region [1]. The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis and present the integration model of Building Information Modeling (BIM) into the Architecture programmes in different study cycles based on the example of Nordic countries. Objectives: To provide BIM use opportunities in 3 years Bachelor level based on Engineeering architecture study programme of VIA University College; To provide BIM use opportunities in 5 years Integrated studies based on Architecture studies programme of Kaunas University of Technology; To provide BIM use opportunities in the 2 years Master of Science program in Sustainable Architecture at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology; To perform comparative analysis between different countries and different study cycles; To provide a possible model for integration of the international BIM project in different study cycles.
{"title":"BIM Integration Possibilities in Different Study Cycles of Architecture Study Programme","authors":"Aušra Mlinkauskienė, Laura Jankauskaitė-Jurevičienė, P. Christensen, L. Finocchiaro, G. Lobaccaro","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.22393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.22393","url":null,"abstract":"European countries are developing or implementing policies that promote or require the use of information modelling in the architecture, engineering, construction and manufacture sectors. The integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) to these sectors includes social, economic, political, legal and other aspects. This is why the implementation of BIM requires an integrated and broad approach that includes not only the BIM implementation and development strategy in designing companies but also in the field of education and professional training. The article discusses the potential of integrating BIM in different study programs and the possibilities of international cooperation in interdisciplinary BIM projects. The different levels of BIM will be explored in connection to different curricula. Particular attention is paid to the compatibility and applicability of design and innovative technology solutions using BIM methodology and the development of co-operation between higher education institutions in the Nordic region [1]. \u0000The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis and present the integration model of Building Information Modeling (BIM) into the Architecture programmes in different study cycles based on the example of Nordic countries. \u0000Objectives: \u0000 \u0000To provide BIM use opportunities in 3 years Bachelor level based on Engineeering architecture study programme of VIA University College; \u0000To provide BIM use opportunities in 5 years Integrated studies based on Architecture studies programme of Kaunas University of Technology; \u0000To provide BIM use opportunities in the 2 years Master of Science program in Sustainable Architecture at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology; \u0000To perform comparative analysis between different countries and different study cycles; \u0000To provide a possible model for integration of the international BIM project in different study cycles.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41436760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.25130
R. Moceikis, A. Kičaitė, G. Sahmenko, Aušra Selsekienė
Resistance to freezing and thawing of glass fibre reinforced concrete (GRC) modified with silica fume and metakaolin was tested according to scaling at freezing test method with de-icing salt after 112 cycles. Surface mass loss was obtained, flexural strain energies calculated from load- deformation curves and ductile/ brittle behavior of GRC composite explained. SEM micrograph analysis was used to identify possible flaws on the surface of filaments and fiber-matrix contact zone due to freeze-thaw influence.
{"title":"Durability Characterisation of Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete by Resistance to Freezing and Thawing","authors":"R. Moceikis, A. Kičaitė, G. Sahmenko, Aušra Selsekienė","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.25130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.25130","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance to freezing and thawing of glass fibre reinforced concrete (GRC) modified with silica fume and metakaolin was tested according to scaling at freezing test method with de-icing salt after 112 cycles. Surface mass loss was obtained, flexural strain energies calculated from load- deformation curves and ductile/ brittle behavior of GRC composite explained. SEM micrograph analysis was used to identify possible flaws on the surface of filaments and fiber-matrix contact zone due to freeze-thaw influence.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49264033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.23080
B. Gorgiladze, Gocha Mikiashvili, N. Imnadze
The present research aims to advance green energy consumption by integration of energy conversion schemes into buildings, as an inherent part of architectural construction. Realization of such tasks implies variation and adjustment of external shapes of buildings. Particular solutions depend on the chosen types of renewable energy sources, geographic location, and environmental conditions. The novelty of suggested solutions based on the principle of preliminary crowding of solar radiation, but against known analogs concentration of light by mirrors here used not for achieving of high amplitudes, but for diurnal equalization of an energy conversion process. Autodesk software products have been used for adjustment of conceptual schemes, including the models of buildings shaped as right circular, or elliptic, cylindrical reflectors. The basic evaluation carried out for the North Temperate Zone. Obtained results confirm that integration of local energy converters and appropriate modification of external shapes of buildings is more flexible and efficient than the application of centralized solar plants, because of their inexpensiveness and harmonization of beauty and energy efficiency. Application of static self-regulation of illuminance provides a high level of reliability and simplicity in exploitation. Suggested principle provides stepwise promotion of sustainability because it implies not only a passive economy of energy dissipation but also the equipment of architectural objects with inherent modules for active generation of renewable energy. Further development of such an energy sourcing schemes related also with the advancement of general safety (lowering of hazardous voltage) by the transition from common Electrical grid to adaptive local systems.
{"title":"Adaption of Buildings Shape with Renewable Energy Consumption","authors":"B. Gorgiladze, Gocha Mikiashvili, N. Imnadze","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.23080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.23080","url":null,"abstract":"The present research aims to advance green energy consumption by integration of energy conversion schemes into buildings, as an inherent part of architectural construction. Realization of such tasks implies variation and adjustment of external shapes of buildings. Particular solutions depend on the chosen types of renewable energy sources, geographic location, and environmental conditions. The novelty of suggested solutions based on the principle of preliminary crowding of solar radiation, but against known analogs concentration of light by mirrors here used not for achieving of high amplitudes, but for diurnal equalization of an energy conversion process. Autodesk software products have been used for adjustment of conceptual schemes, including the models of buildings shaped as right circular, or elliptic, cylindrical reflectors. The basic evaluation carried out for the North Temperate Zone. Obtained results confirm that integration of local energy converters and appropriate modification of external shapes of buildings is more flexible and efficient than the application of centralized solar plants, because of their inexpensiveness and harmonization of beauty and energy efficiency. Application of static self-regulation of illuminance provides a high level of reliability and simplicity in exploitation. Suggested principle provides stepwise promotion of sustainability because it implies not only a passive economy of energy dissipation but also the equipment of architectural objects with inherent modules for active generation of renewable energy. Further development of such an energy sourcing schemes related also with the advancement of general safety (lowering of hazardous voltage) by the transition from common Electrical grid to adaptive local systems.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46887058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-09DOI: 10.5755/J01.SACE.25.2.21698
V. Baltus, Laura Jankauskaitė-Jurevičienė, Tadas Žebrauskas
In the past fifteen years avant-garde architectural practice has been developing in the field of parametric design at the phenomenal speed. This success can be attributed to the development of advanced computer software, previously used for animation and rendering. The parametric design method uses advanced computer scripts which transforms mathematic algorithms of relations between parameters into creations of complex geometries, which were almost impossible to produce and even imagine without it.Question remains will these mathematical equations inputed thru scripting language as algorithms will add additional value to the design, or traditional, intuitive way of designing still can be relevant enough in 21st century. There are doubts that without deep intellectual background parametric design process can play for the play’s sake with the shapes of objects, buildings and urban structures.
{"title":"Parametric Architecture Today and Tomorrow","authors":"V. Baltus, Laura Jankauskaitė-Jurevičienė, Tadas Žebrauskas","doi":"10.5755/J01.SACE.25.2.21698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.SACE.25.2.21698","url":null,"abstract":"In the past fifteen years avant-garde architectural practice has been developing in the field of parametric design at the phenomenal speed. This success can be attributed to the development of advanced computer software, previously used for animation and rendering. The parametric design method uses advanced computer scripts which transforms mathematic algorithms of relations between parameters into creations of complex geometries, which were almost impossible to produce and even imagine without it.Question remains will these mathematical equations inputed thru scripting language as algorithms will add additional value to the design, or traditional, intuitive way of designing still can be relevant enough in 21st century. There are doubts that without deep intellectual background parametric design process can play for the play’s sake with the shapes of objects, buildings and urban structures.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42612850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-09DOI: 10.5755/J01.SACE.25.2.22074
A. Ruus, J. Tintěra
Valga is a small shrinking town in South Estonia. The study focuses on the possibilities of solving the problems connected with apartment houses by using the disposition of apartments and improving energy efficiency to meet the contemporary standards of living space and getting buildings in public possession.
{"title":"Revitalization of wooden apartments as a tool to deal with shrinkage – case study from Valga","authors":"A. Ruus, J. Tintěra","doi":"10.5755/J01.SACE.25.2.22074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.SACE.25.2.22074","url":null,"abstract":"Valga is a small shrinking town in South Estonia. The study focuses on the possibilities of solving the problems connected with apartment houses by using the disposition of apartments and improving energy efficiency to meet the contemporary standards of living space and getting buildings in public possession.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44508801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-09DOI: 10.5755/J01.SACE.25.2.22099
A. Lien, N. Lolli
The objective of this paper is to report and analyse strategies for cost reduction, design processes, and procurement models of one wooden nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) in Norway. The building investigated in this paper is the Moholt Allmenning, a newly-built student accommodation located in Moholt, Trondheim. Interviews with the building's owner and the contractor were carried out to obtain information on the decision-making process during the procurement phase, the planning phase, and the execution phase. The results show that the environmental goal and the criteria set for the use of wood in the tender announcement were a critical driving force for choosing cross laminated timber (CLT) in the final design. The results also show that the cost of using CLT in student residences is competitive against using concrete and steel. Given the requirement of little greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from materials production in nZEBs, the use of CLT is however a better choice. The objective of this paper is to report and analyse strategies for cost reduction, design processes, and procurement models of one wooden nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) in Norway. This publication is part of the dissemination activities of the EU Horizon 2020 project NERO, whose scope is to demonstrate the feasibility of cost reduction of nZEBs built with wood in the Nordic Countries. Case buildings from Estonia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden are studied with respect to their technological solutions, energy use, and construction cost. The Norwegian building investigated in this paper is the Moholt Allmenning, a newly-built student accommodation located in Moholt, Trondheim. Interviews with the building's owner and the contractor were carried out to obtain information on the decision-making process during the procurement phase, the planning phase, and the execution phase. The results show that the environmental goal and the criteria set for the use of wood in the tender announcement were a critical driving force for choosing cross laminated timber (CLT) in the final design. The results also show that the cost of using CLT in student residences is competitive against using concrete and steel. Given the requirement of little greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from materials production in nZEBs, the use of CLT is however a better choice.
{"title":"Costs and Procurement for Cross-Laminated Timber in Mid-Rise Buildings","authors":"A. Lien, N. Lolli","doi":"10.5755/J01.SACE.25.2.22099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.SACE.25.2.22099","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to report and analyse strategies for cost reduction, design processes, and procurement models of one wooden nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) in Norway. The building investigated in this paper is the Moholt Allmenning, a newly-built student accommodation located in Moholt, Trondheim. Interviews with the building's owner and the contractor were carried out to obtain information on the decision-making process during the procurement phase, the planning phase, and the execution phase. The results show that the environmental goal and the criteria set for the use of wood in the tender announcement were a critical driving force for choosing cross laminated timber (CLT) in the final design. The results also show that the cost of using CLT in student residences is competitive against using concrete and steel. Given the requirement of little greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from materials production in nZEBs, the use of CLT is however a better choice. \u0000 \u0000The objective of this paper is to report and analyse strategies for cost reduction, design processes, and procurement models of one wooden nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) in Norway. This publication is part of the dissemination activities of the EU Horizon 2020 project NERO, whose scope is to demonstrate the feasibility of cost reduction of nZEBs built with wood in the Nordic Countries. Case buildings from Estonia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden are studied with respect to their technological solutions, energy use, and construction cost. The Norwegian building investigated in this paper is the Moholt Allmenning, a newly-built student accommodation located in Moholt, Trondheim. Interviews with the building's owner and the contractor were carried out to obtain information on the decision-making process during the procurement phase, the planning phase, and the execution phase. The results show that the environmental goal and the criteria set for the use of wood in the tender announcement were a critical driving force for choosing cross laminated timber (CLT) in the final design. The results also show that the cost of using CLT in student residences is competitive against using concrete and steel. Given the requirement of little greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from materials production in nZEBs, the use of CLT is however a better choice. \u0000","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49521172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-09DOI: 10.5755/J01.SACE.25.2.22263
E. Liisma, Babette Liseth Kuus, V. Kukk, T. Kalamees
This paper focuses on cross-laminated timber (CLT) and how it is affected by the dynamic properties of moisture during installation in the cold climate of Estonia. The moisture safety principles are designed using a case study of comparable activities with 4D principles and on-site water content monitoring. On-site water content monitoring was done on the CLT elements that were installed and a parallel polygon specimen. Polygon testing was arranged with reduced size CLT elements subject to different conditions, with some exposed to the climate, some protected from precipitation, and some covered with film. The moisture content (MC) of the uncovered horizontal CLT element that was exposed to the climate reached over 25% after higher precipitation and the MC after prolonged direct exposure can reach up to 40% in a week, giving a clear signal of high risk areas for moisture safety. Installing a partly weather protected CLT element without a preliminary roof is a high-risk arrangement, but is essentially possible in a cold climate. Moisture safety pre-planning and a lean strategy must be applied with timber construction.
{"title":"A case study on the construction of a CLT building without a preliminary roof","authors":"E. Liisma, Babette Liseth Kuus, V. Kukk, T. Kalamees","doi":"10.5755/J01.SACE.25.2.22263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/J01.SACE.25.2.22263","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on cross-laminated timber (CLT) and how it is affected by the dynamic properties of moisture during installation in the cold climate of Estonia. The moisture safety principles are designed using a case study of comparable activities with 4D principles and on-site water content monitoring. On-site water content monitoring was done on the CLT elements that were installed and a parallel polygon specimen. Polygon testing was arranged with reduced size CLT elements subject to different conditions, with some exposed to the climate, some protected from precipitation, and some covered with film. \u0000The moisture content (MC) of the uncovered horizontal CLT element that was exposed to the climate reached over 25% after higher precipitation and the MC after prolonged direct exposure can reach up to 40% in a week, giving a clear signal of high risk areas for moisture safety. Installing a partly weather protected CLT element without a preliminary roof is a high-risk arrangement, but is essentially possible in a cold climate. Moisture safety pre-planning and a lean strategy must be applied with timber construction.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47097282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-09DOI: 10.5755/J01.SACE.25.2.21176
A. Ackley, Edidiong Ukpong
In recent years, the concept of post occupancy evaluation (POE) of building performance has attracted much attention globally, because of its benefits in enhancing future design decisions. However, developing countries give little or no concern to the practice of improving design outcomes using POEs. In Nigeria, buildings are rarely evaluated once they are handed over to the clients. This study explored the use of POE as a sustainable tool to evaluate building performance in developing countries with a case study of the Nigerian context. Using a systematic literature review, existing and current conceptual body of knowledge in peer-reviewed journals, electronic databases (Science Direct and Google Scholar), conference proceedings, and published articles were appraised; with specific focus to key issues of POE, such as; its definition, evolution, phases, levels, dimensions, application as a sustainable tool for building performance, and benefits. The study revealed that building occupants are a valuable source of information on building performance and POE serves the needs of the building users, and it is critical that the building should be evaluated from time to time to ensure that it is serving its intended purposes. Researchers also suggested that POE methods should be simple and building typology specific. It is suggested that POEs will be a vital tool in establishing best practices and lessons learned in delivering building performance evaluation in developing countries. Hence, the Education of professionals about the process of POE and the methods used, the education of clients by raising their awareness about the benefits of POE in sustaining building performance are suggested strategies for implementing POE in Nigeria and developing countries.
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