Pub Date : 2020-11-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.26853
Monalipa Dash, Manjari Chakraborty
Bhubaneswar with a warm and humid climate and with humidity much higher than the comfort level requires an enhanced natural ventilation to achieve long term quality of life. The building code which regulates the fabric of the city at present follows a standardized set of regulations governed by National Building Code of India and is developed without giving much consideration to climate. Ground coverage is an important parameter which regulates the footprint of the blocks and allows natural ventilation to buildings as well to outdoor. At present, Bhubaneswar does not prescribe a ground coverage for its apartments and completely dependent on FAR control. As a result, the developments consider quite high ground coverage in certain areas. This particular research focusses on analyzing the current situation of multi storied apartments and proposes a few climate centric recommendations for the byelaw. To examine the situation and arrive at a strategy, a simulation study has been carried out by altering the ground coverage and building orientation of a multistoried apartment consisting of five residential blocks to analyze the effect of natural ventilation. The study inferred that, building layout and orientation in relation to wind direction plays an important role for natural ventilation in the outdoors. A climate centric byelaw ideally should consider both while formulating its building code.
{"title":"Outdoor Ventilation and Ground Coverage: Exploring a Climate Centric Approach to Building Byelaws for Multi Storied Apartments in Bhubaneswar","authors":"Monalipa Dash, Manjari Chakraborty","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.26853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.26853","url":null,"abstract":"Bhubaneswar with a warm and humid climate and with humidity much higher than the comfort level requires an enhanced natural ventilation to achieve long term quality of life. The building code which regulates the fabric of the city at present follows a standardized set of regulations governed by National Building Code of India and is developed without giving much consideration to climate. Ground coverage is an important parameter which regulates the footprint of the blocks and allows natural ventilation to buildings as well to outdoor. At present, Bhubaneswar does not prescribe a ground coverage for its apartments and completely dependent on FAR control. As a result, the developments consider quite high ground coverage in certain areas. This particular research focusses on analyzing the current situation of multi storied apartments and proposes a few climate centric recommendations for the byelaw. To examine the situation and arrive at a strategy, a simulation study has been carried out by altering the ground coverage and building orientation of a multistoried apartment consisting of five residential blocks to analyze the effect of natural ventilation. The study inferred that, building layout and orientation in relation to wind direction plays an important role for natural ventilation in the outdoors. A climate centric byelaw ideally should consider both while formulating its building code.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"78-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41758054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.25142
O. Olanrewaju, Sunday Ajiboye Babarinde, C. Salihu
Several studies have shown that developing countries like Nigeria that need infrastructures are top markets for Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. Owing to inadequate resources and economic downturn, policies regarding sustainable development and construction have gained remarkable attention. The adoption of new technologies and their effective implementation have become the only way for closing the gap with developed countries (Akdag and Maqsood, 2019). The construction industry is envisioned as the major driver of the economy with 5% increase in GDP growth, other sectors like health, education, transportation and the likes depend heavily on the construction industry (Olanrewaju et al., 2018). The industry is divided into three sectors which include; informal sector, commercial sector, and public sector. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has greater relevance for commercial and public subsectors (Alufohai, 2012). The introduction of technology to activities in the construction industry has proven beyond every reasonable doubt that the future of the industry is hinged on its adoption of technological innovations in its *Corresponding author: oludolapoolanrewaju2012@gmail.com Current State of Building Information Modelling in the Nigerian Construction Industry Received 2020/01/22 Accepted after revision 2020/06/19
几项研究表明，像尼日利亚这样需要基础设施的发展中国家是建筑、工程和施工（AEC）行业的顶级市场。由于资源不足和经济衰退，有关可持续发展和建设的政策受到了极大的关注。采用新技术并有效实施已成为缩小与发达国家差距的唯一途径（Akdag和Maqsood，2019）。建筑业被视为经济的主要驱动力，GDP增长5%，其他部门，如卫生、教育、交通等，严重依赖建筑业（Olanrewaju et al.，2018）。该行业分为三个部门，包括：；非正规部门、商业部门和公共部门。建筑信息建模（BIM）在商业和公共部门具有更大的相关性（Alufohai，2012）。将技术引入建筑行业的活动已经毫无疑问地证明，该行业的未来取决于其在其*通讯作者：oludolapoolanrewaju2012@gmail.com尼日利亚建筑业建筑信息建模现状于2020/01/22收到，经修订后于2020/06/19接受
{"title":"Current State of Building Information Modelling in the Nigerian Construction Industry","authors":"O. Olanrewaju, Sunday Ajiboye Babarinde, C. Salihu","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.25142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.25142","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have shown that developing countries like Nigeria that need infrastructures are top markets for Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. Owing to inadequate resources and economic downturn, policies regarding sustainable development and construction have gained remarkable attention. The adoption of new technologies and their effective implementation have become the only way for closing the gap with developed countries (Akdag and Maqsood, 2019). The construction industry is envisioned as the major driver of the economy with 5% increase in GDP growth, other sectors like health, education, transportation and the likes depend heavily on the construction industry (Olanrewaju et al., 2018). The industry is divided into three sectors which include; informal sector, commercial sector, and public sector. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has greater relevance for commercial and public subsectors (Alufohai, 2012). The introduction of technology to activities in the construction industry has proven beyond every reasonable doubt that the future of the industry is hinged on its adoption of technological innovations in its *Corresponding author: oludolapoolanrewaju2012@gmail.com Current State of Building Information Modelling in the Nigerian Construction Industry Received 2020/01/22 Accepted after revision 2020/06/19","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"63-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43022918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.26079
A. Prozuments, A. Borodinecs, J. Zemitis
Introduction Unclassified buildings Building sector is a major energy consumer, accounting for 40% of total energy use across the developed countries (Yüksek and Karadayi 2017), (Luo et al. 2019). The energy efficiency of the existing building stock may be substantially reduced through various deep retrofit and energy renovation programs (Eliopoulou and Mantziou 2017), (Borodinecs et al. 2017). However, majority of the energy efficiency incentive programs are focused on residential and public buildings, while the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the so-called unclassified buildings is not adequately addressed by the governmental and municipal support (Borodinecs, Geikins, and Prozuments 2020). Unclassified buildings encompass variety of military structures, prison facilities, security force, police and fire station buildings (Geikins et al. 2019), (Anon 2018). Military facilities feature distinctive requirements with regards to building technical and structural design, material use and indoor environmental conditions, as these buildings serve specific purpose and the personnel occupying the premises may wear uniform or protective clothing (administrative staff, special forces, training personnel etc.), that can greatly affect their satisfaction level with thermal comfort and productivity. In order to acquire data on the actual indoor environment conditions and obtain a feedback from the occupying personnel on their satisfaction level with the indoor environment in an administrative military building situated in a special purpose military compound, a series of indoor air quality measurements (temperature, humidity, CO2 level) and a survey on indoor air quality and thermal comfort was conducted in different premises of the administrative office building. A total of 73 respondents occupying the building participated in the survey. The results of the conducted survey revealed that there is a high degree of dissatisfaction with the indoor environment in military buildings, that is attributed to inadequate ventilation and overtemperature. That matched the collected indoor environmental quality data, forming a relationship between poor energy management and poor energy efficiency, that can in turn lead to unsatisfactory indoor environmental conditions. The study reiterates the need to address the poor current technical state of unclassified building stock, emphasizes the call for developing clear regulatory requirements for newly-constructed unclassified buildings and thorough feasibility assessment for renovation projects.
建筑行业是主要的能源消费者，占发达国家总能源使用量的40% (y ksek和Karadayi 2017)， (Luo et al. 2019)。通过各种深度改造和能源改造计划，现有建筑存量的能源效率可能会大幅降低(Eliopoulou和Mantziou 2017)， (Borodinecs等人2017)。然而，大多数节能激励计划都集中在住宅和公共建筑上，而在所谓的非分类建筑中实施节能措施并没有得到政府和市政的充分支持(Borodinecs, Geikins, and Prozuments 2020)。非机密建筑包括各种军事结构，监狱设施，安全部队，警察和消防站建筑(Geikins et al. 2019)， (Anon 2018)。军事设施在建筑技术和结构设计、材料使用和室内环境条件等方面都有独特的要求，因为这些建筑物具有特定的用途，并且占用该建筑物的人员可能穿着制服或防护服(行政人员、特种部队、训练人员等)，这将极大地影响他们对热舒适和生产力的满意度。为了获得实际室内环境状况的数据，并获得占用人员对特殊用途军事大院行政军事大楼室内环境满意度的反馈，在行政办公大楼的不同场所进行了一系列室内空气质量测量(温度、湿度、二氧化碳水平)和室内空气质量和热舒适调查。共有73名居住在该大楼的受访者参与了调查。调查结果显示，人们对军事建筑的室内环境高度不满，原因是通风不足和温度过高。这与收集到的室内环境质量数据相匹配，形成了能源管理不善与能源效率低下之间的关系，这反过来又会导致室内环境状况不理想。该研究重申需要解决非分类建筑存量目前技术状况不佳的问题，强调需要为新建的非分类建筑制定明确的监管要求，并对翻新项目进行彻底的可行性评估。
{"title":"Survey Based Evaluation of Indoor Environment in an Administrative Military Facility","authors":"A. Prozuments, A. Borodinecs, J. Zemitis","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.26079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.26079","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Unclassified buildings Building sector is a major energy consumer, accounting for 40% of total energy use across the developed countries (Yüksek and Karadayi 2017), (Luo et al. 2019). The energy efficiency of the existing building stock may be substantially reduced through various deep retrofit and energy renovation programs (Eliopoulou and Mantziou 2017), (Borodinecs et al. 2017). However, majority of the energy efficiency incentive programs are focused on residential and public buildings, while the implementation of energy efficiency measures in the so-called unclassified buildings is not adequately addressed by the governmental and municipal support (Borodinecs, Geikins, and Prozuments 2020). Unclassified buildings encompass variety of military structures, prison facilities, security force, police and fire station buildings (Geikins et al. 2019), (Anon 2018). Military facilities feature distinctive requirements with regards to building technical and structural design, material use and indoor environmental conditions, as these buildings serve specific purpose and the personnel occupying the premises may wear uniform or protective clothing (administrative staff, special forces, training personnel etc.), that can greatly affect their satisfaction level with thermal comfort and productivity. In order to acquire data on the actual indoor environment conditions and obtain a feedback from the occupying personnel on their satisfaction level with the indoor environment in an administrative military building situated in a special purpose military compound, a series of indoor air quality measurements (temperature, humidity, CO2 level) and a survey on indoor air quality and thermal comfort was conducted in different premises of the administrative office building. A total of 73 respondents occupying the building participated in the survey. The results of the conducted survey revealed that there is a high degree of dissatisfaction with the indoor environment in military buildings, that is attributed to inadequate ventilation and overtemperature. That matched the collected indoor environmental quality data, forming a relationship between poor energy management and poor energy efficiency, that can in turn lead to unsatisfactory indoor environmental conditions. The study reiterates the need to address the poor current technical state of unclassified building stock, emphasizes the call for developing clear regulatory requirements for newly-constructed unclassified buildings and thorough feasibility assessment for renovation projects.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"96-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44503642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.25175
Tousi Evgenia, Serraos Konstantinos
The article presents the main findings of a research associated with brownfield redevelopment in Greece. The regional administrative area of Piraeus is used as a pilot case study. Taking into account the international literature, the article presents the contemporary condition in Greece emphasizing on key-obstacles that hinder rehabilitation and reuse of brownfield sites. The research includes field work. Thematic maps depict the current condition of brownfield sites around Piraeus port, using as key-categories the former use, the current use, the system of ownership, the prices of land, the level of soil contamination. This cartographic depiction functions as a necessary tool for policy making on urban regeneration. The conclusions derived from field work provide useful information for further research. The ultimate purpose of the article is to highlight the contemporary problems in Greece, making the appropriate connections with the international experience on the field.
{"title":"Brownfield Management in Greece. The Case of Piraeus","authors":"Tousi Evgenia, Serraos Konstantinos","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.25175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.25175","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the main findings of a research associated with brownfield redevelopment in Greece. The regional administrative area of Piraeus is used as a pilot case study. Taking into account the international literature, the article presents the contemporary condition in Greece emphasizing on key-obstacles that hinder rehabilitation and reuse of brownfield sites. The research includes field work. Thematic maps depict the current condition of brownfield sites around Piraeus port, using as key-categories the former use, the current use, the system of ownership, the prices of land, the level of soil contamination. This cartographic depiction functions as a necessary tool for policy making on urban regeneration. The conclusions derived from field work provide useful information for further research. The ultimate purpose of the article is to highlight the contemporary problems in Greece, making the appropriate connections with the international experience on the field. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43710215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-05DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.27060
Evgenia Tousi
According to literature, the term vernacular architecture describes the type of architecture that is aligned with local environmental, socio-economic and cultural circumstances, constructed during the pre-industrial era (Petronotis, 1980). In most of the cases, vernacular architecture involves structures made by local residents. The usage of local materials and the adjustment to the local climate conditions are the two main factors that contribute to the sustainability of vernacular settlements (Lejeune,2010). In most of the cases, vernacular settlements reflect an ongoing interaction among socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors. The selected case study, a village in the Prefecture of Eastern Mani, belongs to the regional administrative area of Peloponnese. It could be described as a typical case study of the vernacular settlements of southern Greece. This Peninsula includes 40 dispersed vernacular settlements protected by national legislation Law ΦΕΚ 594/Δ/78. This law enforces specific morphological rules and regulations. Archaeological findings in the area reveal settlements that date back to the Paleolithic and Neolithic Era (Chapin, et.al. 2014). Moreover, pertinent literature stresses the The article presents the main findings of a research focusing on the unique attributes of vernacular architectural heritage of Southern Greece. The analysis of the interaction between social, cultural and environmental factors, is based on literature review and field work. This interaction is portrayed through the use of a pilot case study, the village Korogonianika which is a typical and representative example for all vernacular settlements of eastern Mani. Field work involves original cartographic depiction, photos, drawings as well as participant observation and interviews.
{"title":"Interaction Among Social, Cultural and Environmental Factors in Vernacular Settlements. The Case of Korogonianika, in Lakonia, Greece","authors":"Evgenia Tousi","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.27060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.27060","url":null,"abstract":"According to literature, the term vernacular architecture describes the type of architecture that is aligned with local environmental, socio-economic and cultural circumstances, constructed during the pre-industrial era (Petronotis, 1980). In most of the cases, vernacular architecture involves structures made by local residents. The usage of local materials and the adjustment to the local climate conditions are the two main factors that contribute to the sustainability of vernacular settlements (Lejeune,2010). In most of the cases, vernacular settlements reflect an ongoing interaction among socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors. The selected case study, a village in the Prefecture of Eastern Mani, belongs to the regional administrative area of Peloponnese. It could be described as a typical case study of the vernacular settlements of southern Greece. This Peninsula includes 40 dispersed vernacular settlements protected by national legislation Law ΦΕΚ 594/Δ/78. This law enforces specific morphological rules and regulations. Archaeological findings in the area reveal settlements that date back to the Paleolithic and Neolithic Era (Chapin, et.al. 2014). Moreover, pertinent literature stresses the The article presents the main findings of a research focusing on the unique attributes of vernacular architectural heritage of Southern Greece. The analysis of the interaction between social, cultural and environmental factors, is based on literature review and field work. This interaction is portrayed through the use of a pilot case study, the village Korogonianika which is a typical and representative example for all vernacular settlements of eastern Mani. Field work involves original cartographic depiction, photos, drawings as well as participant observation and interviews.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"32-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44458745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.22465
Alper Bodur
Turkey is a nation experiencing disasters, particularly earthquakes, owing to its location. Accidents cause environmental destruction as much as economically. One of the significant bodily damages is that the residences become damaged. Accordingly, the need for housing is indispensable after a collision. To deal with the problem, permanent houses, post-disaster housing, in other words, are produced in numerous regions to afford service for households. Post-disaster housing is essential to helpless families so that all will be capable of returning a fitter living situation ere the disaster. Nevertheless, as permanent housing is made by building it very fast, it is imperative that the living standard of permanent residence is agreeable with the earlier practice of the users. In that way, post-use evaluations of permanent housing, uniquely constructed after the devastating result of a disaster, are becoming critical to following applications to be more prosperous. In this sense, permanent residences in Subasi Village, Yalova Province in Turkey have been studied within the context of post-earthquake transformation applications on 17 August 1999. In the research, the planning of the houses built in Subasi Village, the overall evaluations about the design, the principles of entitlement, the planning method of the permanent houses, the demographic features of the shareholders were evaluated. As an outcome of the research, it was observed that the permanent residential areas in Subasi village could not unite with the existing city. Among the socialization processes of families with various features, it was regarded that distinct qualities of contribution were made to living spaces. Neighborhood relationships and concern for free spaces and ownership organizations influence social relations together. Personal solutions to designs and absence of ownership regulation in public areas further block the formation of administrative units in permanent residential zones. Hence, interspersed life in the areas of current housing does not emerge. The situation has led to the result that in the process of combination of permanent residential spaces with existing urban areas, social facilities and non-residential uses, business and shopping centers, mosque and sports halls should be raised within a wider frame.
{"title":"An Investigation on Post-Disaster Housing Resident Satisfaction in Subaşı After the Marmara Earthquake","authors":"Alper Bodur","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.22465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.22465","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey is a nation experiencing disasters, particularly earthquakes, owing to its location. Accidents cause environmental destruction as much as economically. One of the significant bodily damages is that the residences become damaged. Accordingly, the need for housing is indispensable after a collision. To deal with the problem, permanent houses, post-disaster housing, in other words, are produced in numerous regions to afford service for households. Post-disaster housing is essential to helpless families so that all will be capable of returning a fitter living situation ere the disaster. \u0000Nevertheless, as permanent housing is made by building it very fast, it is imperative that the living standard of permanent residence is agreeable with the earlier practice of the users. In that way, post-use evaluations of permanent housing, uniquely constructed after the devastating result of a disaster, are becoming critical to following applications to be more prosperous. In this sense, permanent residences in Subasi Village, Yalova Province in Turkey have been studied within the context of post-earthquake transformation applications on 17 August 1999. In the research, the planning of the houses built in Subasi Village, the overall evaluations about the design, the principles of entitlement, the planning method of the permanent houses, the demographic features of the shareholders were evaluated. \u0000As an outcome of the research, it was observed that the permanent residential areas in Subasi village could not unite with the existing city. Among the socialization processes of families with various features, it was regarded that distinct qualities of contribution were made to living spaces. Neighborhood relationships and concern for free spaces and ownership organizations influence social relations together. Personal solutions to designs and absence of ownership regulation in public areas further block the formation of administrative units in permanent residential zones. Hence, interspersed life in the areas of current housing does not emerge. The situation has led to the result that in the process of combination of permanent residential spaces with existing urban areas, social facilities and non-residential uses, business and shopping centers, mosque and sports halls should be raised within a wider frame.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45001086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.21540
Mindaugas Žagarinskas, M. Daukšys, J. Mockienė
With increasing level of urbanization, new buildings are erected in close proximity of existing buildings or quite close to site boundaries. Such practice affects the complexity of retaining wall installation technology. When a retaining wall is installed close to an existing building, a street or a steep slope, the stability of the wall has to be ensured first. There are cases when a retaining wall has to be strengthened by creating a permanent or temporary support, i.e. by installing ground anchors. According to literature analysis, the major problem is that a profile stops without reaching its designed depth (Van Baars). Merifield et al. distinguish three major types of anchors: circular, square and rectangular. They emphasise that anchor surface unevenness does not impact anchor resistance. According to El Nagar, most frequently anchors disintegrate due to excessive tensile strength of the anchor. The increase of this force is related to tensile strength measured in anchor testing. In this paper, three types of retaining walls with ground anchors are considered: pile wall, Berlin Wall, and sheet piling with excavation depth of 6 m. The conditions are selected as follows: when walls are installed in clay soils, sandy soils, sandy soils at high groundwater levels, and when the wall is installed next to the building. Mechanical resistance and stability of construction incline are calculated by means of GEO5 software. A survey was designed basing on the calculation results and the selected evaluation criteria. In the survey geotechnical engineers rated 18 different cases. The relevance of criteria is determined by employing the entropy method after the primary results of the survey are summarised; afterwards a multiple criteria decision analysis carried out using the utility function. The multi-criteria assessment results indicate the most rational type of a retaining wall for the chosen conditions.
{"title":"Research on Installation Technologies of Retaining Walls with Ground Anchors","authors":"Mindaugas Žagarinskas, M. Daukšys, J. Mockienė","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.21540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.21540","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing level of urbanization, new buildings are erected in close proximity of existing buildings or quite close to site boundaries. Such practice affects the complexity of retaining wall installation technology. When a retaining wall is installed close to an existing building, a street or a steep slope, the stability of the wall has to be ensured first. There are cases when a retaining wall has to be strengthened by creating a permanent or temporary support, i.e. by installing ground anchors. According to literature analysis, the major problem is that a profile stops without reaching its designed depth (Van Baars). Merifield et al. distinguish three major types of anchors: circular, square and rectangular. They emphasise that anchor surface unevenness does not impact anchor resistance. According to El Nagar, most frequently anchors disintegrate due to excessive tensile strength of the anchor. The increase of this force is related to tensile strength measured in anchor testing. In this paper, three types of retaining walls with ground anchors are considered: pile wall, Berlin Wall, and sheet piling with excavation depth of 6 m. The conditions are selected as follows: when walls are installed in clay soils, sandy soils, sandy soils at high groundwater levels, and when the wall is installed next to the building. Mechanical resistance and stability of construction incline are calculated by means of GEO5 software. A survey was designed basing on the calculation results and the selected evaluation criteria. In the survey geotechnical engineers rated 18 different cases. The relevance of criteria is determined by employing the entropy method after the primary results of the survey are summarised; afterwards a multiple criteria decision analysis carried out using the utility function. The multi-criteria assessment results indicate the most rational type of a retaining wall for the chosen conditions.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"53-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43769701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.21714
Rokas Kudirka, M. Daukšys, S. Juočiūnas
The stability of conventional concrete mixture was investigated using an inclined plane method. The experiment consisted of two steps: first, the research was made to determine the influence of coarse aggregate content in aggregates mixture on the stability and sliding of concrete mixture, when the specimens of mixture are on the inclined plane without additional roughening of surface; second, the research was made to determine the influence of inclined plane surface roughening on the stability and sliding of concrete mixture. During the research the condition was checked: the concrete mixture on the sloping plane will be stable, if the yield stress τ0 is higher than the shear stress τ in. (τ 0 ≥ τ). The shear stresses and rheological property yield stresses of conventional concrete mixtures were calculated analytically by using an empirical formula. Test results showed that the increase of coarse aggregate (4/16 fraction gravel) content from about 417 to 1175 kg in concrete mixture is enough to achieve the stability of concrete mixture, when plane inclination angles are 25°, 35° and 45°, but not enough to stop sliding process. In this case, additional implements are needed to increase the adhesion of fresh concrete to the base. By using the inclined planes, which were coated with a special dimpled membrane and geotextile, the fresh concrete does not slide downwards by inclined plane.
{"title":"Research on the Concrete Mixture Stability and Sliding on the Inclined Plane","authors":"Rokas Kudirka, M. Daukšys, S. Juočiūnas","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.21714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.21714","url":null,"abstract":"The stability of conventional concrete mixture was investigated using an inclined plane method. The experiment consisted of two steps: first, the research was made to determine the influence of coarse aggregate content in aggregates mixture on the stability and sliding of concrete mixture, when the specimens of mixture are on the inclined plane without additional roughening of surface; second, the research was made to determine the influence of inclined plane surface roughening on the stability and sliding of concrete mixture. During the research the condition was checked: the concrete mixture on the sloping plane will be stable, if the yield stress τ0 is higher than the shear stress τ in. (τ 0 ≥ τ). The shear stresses and rheological property yield stresses of conventional concrete mixtures were calculated analytically by using an empirical formula. Test results showed that the increase of coarse aggregate (4/16 fraction gravel) content from about 417 to 1175 kg in concrete mixture is enough to achieve the stability of concrete mixture, when plane inclination angles are 25°, 35° and 45°, but not enough to stop sliding process. In this case, additional implements are needed to increase the adhesion of fresh concrete to the base. By using the inclined planes, which were coated with a special dimpled membrane and geotextile, the fresh concrete does not slide downwards by inclined plane.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"87-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47823138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.23607
Chara Orfanoudaki, Evgenia Tousi
The article describes the environmental impact of tourist accommodation in Greece, taking into consideration the international experience on the field. The focal point of research is related to the contemporary policies as they are implemented in Greece after the Kyoto Protocol. The article contains unpublished data form the Programme “Green Tourism” which is the main policy for energy upgrading in tourist accommodation. Furthermore, it describes the implemented interventions aiming to the improvement of the ecological footprint of hotels. Finally, the article suggests directions for further development as for the environmental awareness in the sector of tourist accommodation in Greece.
{"title":"Policies for Environmental Awareness in Tourist Accommodation. The case of Greece.","authors":"Chara Orfanoudaki, Evgenia Tousi","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.23607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.23607","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the environmental impact of tourist accommodation in Greece, taking into consideration the international experience on the field. The focal point of research is related to the contemporary policies as they are implemented in Greece after the Kyoto Protocol. The article contains unpublished data form the Programme “Green Tourism” which is the main policy for energy upgrading in tourist accommodation. Furthermore, it describes the implemented interventions aiming to the improvement of the ecological footprint of hotels. Finally, the article suggests directions for further development as for the environmental awareness in the sector of tourist accommodation in Greece.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"36-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42019864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.24084
R. Cardoso
Existing structures must be adapted to comply with current standards or for space efficiency requirements. This adaptation may include the need to create openings in existing walls. In load bearing walls, the loading path is locally altered and the new path needs to be strengthened. In this paper, a strengthening practice technique based on the introduction of steel beams and steel portal frames and currently applied in Haussmannian buildings and French Alps Ski resort hotels is described. This technique is widely used and applied to walls with different materials and thicknesses or different openings geometry and for a high variety of loadings, presenting acceptable results along time. The knowledge presented in this work is intended to give guidance to numerical and experimental research related to opening strengthening, to strengthening guidelines definition and at the same time to support and encourage the development of innovating wall openings strengthening techniques.
{"title":"Strengthening Haussmannian and Ski Resorts Hotels Wall Openings with Steel Beams and Steel Portal Frames","authors":"R. Cardoso","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.24084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.26.1.24084","url":null,"abstract":"Existing structures must be adapted to comply with current standards or for space efficiency requirements. This adaptation may include the need to create openings in existing walls. In load bearing walls, the loading path is locally altered and the new path needs to be strengthened. In this paper, a strengthening practice technique based on the introduction of steel beams and steel portal frames and currently applied in Haussmannian buildings and French Alps Ski resort hotels is described. This technique is widely used and applied to walls with different materials and thicknesses or different openings geometry and for a high variety of loadings, presenting acceptable results along time. The knowledge presented in this work is intended to give guidance to numerical and experimental research related to opening strengthening, to strengthening guidelines definition and at the same time to support and encourage the development of innovating wall openings strengthening techniques.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48903307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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