Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.32822
E. Barone, Edvins Velicko, B. Gaujēna, M. Vilnītis
In this study, bullet-proof building panels are investigated. The aim of this work is to verify whether the polyethylene-plywood panels withstand frontal impact with high-speed projectiles. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a promising ballistic material due to its favorable properties – significant impact toughness and a high strength-to-weight ratio, meantime it is lightweight. By setting different parameters such as laminated plywood width and various UWHMPE facade layers, the protective effect of the panels and their performance characteristics are discussed using a 9 mm caliber handgun Glock 17 Luger bullets. The results show positive results – 3 of 4 combinations resist the bullet. The board with an arrangement of 2x32 cm laminated plywood outside and UHMWPE material inside the room captures 4 bullets; the bullets pass through the plywood layer and stop in the polyethylene. The experiment also tested individual UHMWPE panels at 2 different thicknesses to monitor the damage to the material. The results of this study will be useful in designing ballistic panels for buildings like unclassified buildings (army headquarters, safe rooms) from small arms weapons also for individual use.
{"title":"Plywood Panel with UHMW Polyethylene Board Ballistic Resistance","authors":"E. Barone, Edvins Velicko, B. Gaujēna, M. Vilnītis","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.32822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.32822","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, bullet-proof building panels are investigated. The aim of this work is to verify whether the polyethylene-plywood panels withstand frontal impact with high-speed projectiles. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a promising ballistic material due to its favorable properties – significant impact toughness and a high strength-to-weight ratio, meantime it is lightweight. By setting different parameters such as laminated plywood width and various UWHMPE facade layers, the protective effect of the panels and their performance characteristics are discussed using a 9 mm caliber handgun Glock 17 Luger bullets. The results show positive results – 3 of 4 combinations resist the bullet. The board with an arrangement of 2x32 cm laminated plywood outside and UHMWPE material inside the room captures 4 bullets; the bullets pass through the plywood layer and stop in the polyethylene. The experiment also tested individual UHMWPE panels at 2 different thicknesses to monitor the damage to the material. The results of this study will be useful in designing ballistic panels for buildings like unclassified buildings (army headquarters, safe rooms) from small arms weapons also for individual use.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46629313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.32499
Nadia Ahmed
Vernacular architecture has always been a source of inspiration for architects worldwide. It has offered meaningful solutions to many contemporary global challenges. On the other hand, the notion of sustainability is undergoing a paradigm shift towards regenerative sustainability, which has gained considerable interest in the last decade among academics, architects, and building professionals due to its holistic, integrated, and creative approach to real-world sustainability practices. Accordingly, the study attempts to answer the question of how far vernacular architecture has applied regenerative sustainability principles. So, the research aims to investigate the manifestations of regenerative thinking within the selected case study, focusing on the principle of whole-systems design integration. The research adopted a qualitative methodology that began with a thorough literature review to explore the distinction between regenerative sustainability and the conventional concept. In the analytical part, Gharb Sohail village was selected as a case study of vernacular architecture in Egypt to be analyzed from the perspective of regenerative sustainability. The findings revealed that vernacular architecture applied regenerative thinking significantly through its integration with the entire system because it is created by and for the context in which it is built and is considered a part of the ecosystem. The study makes a profound contribution by deeply exploring regenerative sustainability applications within the built environment and by offering affordable design techniques that help architects and urban planners, particularly in developing countries, create a resilient and regenerative built environment while conserving their cultural, social, and economic particularities.
{"title":"Re-exploring Vernacular Architecture from The Lens of Regenerative Thinking: A Case Study Gharb Sohail Village in Egypt","authors":"Nadia Ahmed","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.32499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.32499","url":null,"abstract":"Vernacular architecture has always been a source of inspiration for architects worldwide. It has offered meaningful solutions to many contemporary global challenges. On the other hand, the notion of sustainability is undergoing a paradigm shift towards regenerative sustainability, which has gained considerable interest in the last decade among academics, architects, and building professionals due to its holistic, integrated, and creative approach to real-world sustainability practices. Accordingly, the study attempts to answer the question of how far vernacular architecture has applied regenerative sustainability principles. So, the research aims to investigate the manifestations of regenerative thinking within the selected case study, focusing on the principle of whole-systems design integration. The research adopted a qualitative methodology that began with a thorough literature review to explore the distinction between regenerative sustainability and the conventional concept. In the analytical part, Gharb Sohail village was selected as a case study of vernacular architecture in Egypt to be analyzed from the perspective of regenerative sustainability. The findings revealed that vernacular architecture applied regenerative thinking significantly through its integration with the entire system because it is created by and for the context in which it is built and is considered a part of the ecosystem. The study makes a profound contribution by deeply exploring regenerative sustainability applications within the built environment and by offering affordable design techniques that help architects and urban planners, particularly in developing countries, create a resilient and regenerative built environment while conserving their cultural, social, and economic particularities.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46176154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.31536
A. Ackley, M. Donn, G. Thomas, W. Enegbuma, Shuva Chowdhury
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of good ventilation in mitigating the transmission of airborne virus particles. In many countries, CO2 monitors have been mandated for use in indoor spaces to inform good ventilation practices. However, there is limited guidance on the use of CO2 monitors to assess ventilation performance in large groups of buildings. In occupied classrooms, locating multiple monitors to collate reliable environmental data can be a difficult task because of the functions and usage of the space. This study used observations and physical measurements of CO2 in three real-world naturally ventilated classrooms, in three primary schools to assess whether the use of a single CO2 monitor, in one location could predict the room ventilation performance. The results indicate that for naturally ventilated classrooms, a single CO2 monitor placed at head height (about 1.5 m) on a vertical wall, away from windows, doors, or air supply, and not directly under the breathing zone of occupants can be used to express the ventilation performance of classrooms. This study provides a systematic method for monitoring CO2 to direct ventilation intervention programmes for large groups of school buildings.
{"title":"Use of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitors to Assess Ventilation Effectiveness in Schools","authors":"A. Ackley, M. Donn, G. Thomas, W. Enegbuma, Shuva Chowdhury","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.31536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.31536","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of good ventilation in mitigating the transmission of airborne virus particles. In many countries, CO2 monitors have been mandated for use in indoor spaces to inform good ventilation practices. However, there is limited guidance on the use of CO2 monitors to assess ventilation performance in large groups of buildings. In occupied classrooms, locating multiple monitors to collate reliable environmental data can be a difficult task because of the functions and usage of the space. This study used observations and physical measurements of CO2 in three real-world naturally ventilated classrooms, in three primary schools to assess whether the use of a single CO2 monitor, in one location could predict the room ventilation performance. The results indicate that for naturally ventilated classrooms, a single CO2 monitor placed at head height (about 1.5 m) on a vertical wall, away from windows, doors, or air supply, and not directly under the breathing zone of occupants can be used to express the ventilation performance of classrooms. This study provides a systematic method for monitoring CO2 to direct ventilation intervention programmes for large groups of school buildings.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42416178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.32982
Vladislavs Jacnevs, A. Borodinecs
The reduction of construction costs as needed to increase construction productivity forces to the introduction of alternative construction solutions. Thus, the share of structural insulated panels for single-family houses is increasing. Despite the fact it is a widely used technology in the USA, there is a significant information gap for safe application in Baltic climatic conditions. The dynamic hygrothermal simulations DELPHIN was used to evaluate risks of mold growth and interstitial condensation. The city of Riga was selected to evaluate the hydrothermal performance of SIP panels. The different indoor air parameters were considered for in-depth evaluation. It was found that there is no harmful interstitial condensation and mold risk stayed at a relatively low level. However, wall orientation plays a significant role in whole year moisture accumulation dynamic.
{"title":"Theoretical Evaluation of Structural Insulated Panel Walls in Baltic Climatic Conditions","authors":"Vladislavs Jacnevs, A. Borodinecs","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.32982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.32982","url":null,"abstract":"The reduction of construction costs as needed to increase construction productivity forces to the introduction of alternative construction solutions. Thus, the share of structural insulated panels for single-family houses is increasing. Despite the fact it is a widely used technology in the USA, there is a significant information gap for safe application in Baltic climatic conditions. The dynamic hygrothermal simulations DELPHIN was used to evaluate risks of mold growth and interstitial condensation. The city of Riga was selected to evaluate the hydrothermal performance of SIP panels. The different indoor air parameters were considered for in-depth evaluation. It was found that there is no harmful interstitial condensation and mold risk stayed at a relatively low level. However, wall orientation plays a significant role in whole year moisture accumulation dynamic.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48365581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.32519
Hilma Tamiami Fachrudin
The Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on public health, including workplace occupant. The spread of the coronavirus occurs a lot in the workplace. Indoor health and comfort play an important role in providing a healthy and comfortable workplace. Work patterns during the Covid-19 pandemic have changed with the work from home and physical distancing policies. The arrangement of the workplace interior accompanied by indoor health comfort can affect the work experience of occupant. This study aims to produce an adaptive workplace layout design with an indoor health and comfort approach based on occupant perception toward sustainable city. This study uses mix methods with observation and questionnaire survey techniques. The object of research is ten offices in the Medan city, Indonesia. Observations were made to analyze the layout of the workplace, then questionnaires were distributed to employees to analyze their perceptions of comfort and the application of health protection in the workplace. The variables are lighting, ventilation, temperature and humidity, distance of workbench, and health protection. The results showed that the workplace must provide good air quality with the exchange of air through ventilation. Workbench spacing and the use of barriers are most recommended. A workplace with cubical layouts can be arranged parallel to the desk divider as a screen between desks. Whereas in a workplace with non-cubical layouts, work desks can use zig-zag or non-parallel seating arrangements and dividers between tables. Office buildings should prepare a workplace that concerned with space efficiency and comfortable indoor space.
{"title":"Adaptive Workplace with Indoor Health and Comfort Approach Toward Sustainable City","authors":"Hilma Tamiami Fachrudin","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.32519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.32519","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on public health, including workplace occupant. The spread of the coronavirus occurs a lot in the workplace. Indoor health and comfort play an important role in providing a healthy and comfortable workplace. Work patterns during the Covid-19 pandemic have changed with the work from home and physical distancing policies. The arrangement of the workplace interior accompanied by indoor health comfort can affect the work experience of occupant. This study aims to produce an adaptive workplace layout design with an indoor health and comfort approach based on occupant perception toward sustainable city. This study uses mix methods with observation and questionnaire survey techniques. The object of research is ten offices in the Medan city, Indonesia. Observations were made to analyze the layout of the workplace, then questionnaires were distributed to employees to analyze their perceptions of comfort and the application of health protection in the workplace. The variables are lighting, ventilation, temperature and humidity, distance of workbench, and health protection. The results showed that the workplace must provide good air quality with the exchange of air through ventilation. Workbench spacing and the use of barriers are most recommended. A workplace with cubical layouts can be arranged parallel to the desk divider as a screen between desks. Whereas in a workplace with non-cubical layouts, work desks can use zig-zag or non-parallel seating arrangements and dividers between tables. Office buildings should prepare a workplace that concerned with space efficiency and comfortable indoor space.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":"198 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41271349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.33400
Aurelija Daugėlaitė
The concept of sustainable development has been applied to the field of architecture since the end of the 20th century and has become an official paradigm for planning, design, and construction policies. However, a lot of researchers notice the lack of attention to cultural, place-based, and aesthetic aspects in the field of sustainable architecture. Moreover, the efforts to implement sustainability ideas sometimes lead to very unusual designs that can even be provocative experiments, and may sometimes lead to conflicting assessments in the general public. This study investigates the architectural language of sustainable design and how the aesthetics of sustainable architecture are distinguished and psychologically accepted by people. An online sociological survey was prepared and conducted, the results of which were analysed by general statistical calculations. The study analysed respondents' preferences towards sustainability in architecture, opinion towards sustainable architecture trends, and their features. The results of the study are illustrated by comparing opinion between professionals in the field of architecture and general public.
{"title":"Psychological Acceptance of Sustainable Architecture in Lithuania: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Aurelija Daugėlaitė","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.33400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.33400","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of sustainable development has been applied to the field of architecture since the end of the 20th century and has become an official paradigm for planning, design, and construction policies. However, a lot of researchers notice the lack of attention to cultural, place-based, and aesthetic aspects in the field of sustainable architecture. Moreover, the efforts to implement sustainability ideas sometimes lead to very unusual designs that can even be provocative experiments, and may sometimes lead to conflicting assessments in the general public. This study investigates the architectural language of sustainable design and how the aesthetics of sustainable architecture are distinguished and psychologically accepted by people. An online sociological survey was prepared and conducted, the results of which were analysed by general statistical calculations. The study analysed respondents' preferences towards sustainability in architecture, opinion towards sustainable architecture trends, and their features. The results of the study are illustrated by comparing opinion between professionals in the field of architecture and general public.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47752850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.31666
Ahmad M. Alzouby, Eman R. Talalqa
Although there are many studies related to Madaba at an urban scale, there is no study for the examination of the relationship between university campus locations at the edges and the urban growth of Madaba in Jordan. This study is the first study investigating the impact of university campuses on the urban growth of Madaba, including a set of critical urban issues involved in the development of the city of Madaba. Due to the rapid urban sprawl of Madaba city, there is an increase in population flow towards the outer suburb of the city which includes the university campus and inequity in the distribution of services in these areas. This increases the urban intensification in the city suburbs and the surrounding areas without preserving and reservation of land uses and urban activities. However, urban changes appeared at the city's edges, which helped to form new urban areas close to the university campuses. These changes gave an opportunity to attract new activities due to the existence of university campuses, which affect the urban growth of the city. Therefore, this study aims to identify the role of university campuses localized at the city edges in developing city urban growth. It focused on investigating the relationship between the university campus locations and the urban growth of the cities. This research depends on the quantitative method. The quantitative method employs statistical data analysis using GIS and a questionnaire survey. The study concludes with a series of recommendations for future decision-makers to overcome the main problems facing the urban growth of the city including university campus localizing at the edges. The study shows that the land uses in the surrounding context of the university campus changed significantly, where it could be concluded that residential (48.88% to 79.16%), commercial (3.03% to 9.56%), and service (3.28% to 5.42%) increased at the expense of agricultural use (36.13% to 4.02%). According to this change, it can be noted that there is a slight increase in the built-up areas, which was 3.30% in 1990 then became 8.30% in 2020. The outcome of this study contributes to improving the decisions made by the parties involved in urban development in Jordan when developing the surrounding context of the university campus located at the city edges.
{"title":"The Role of University Campus Locations in the City Urban Growth: the Case of German Jordanian University in Madaba","authors":"Ahmad M. Alzouby, Eman R. Talalqa","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.31666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.31666","url":null,"abstract":"Although there are many studies related to Madaba at an urban scale, there is no study for the examination of the relationship between university campus locations at the edges and the urban growth of Madaba in Jordan. This study is the first study investigating the impact of university campuses on the urban growth of Madaba, including a set of critical urban issues involved in the development of the city of Madaba. Due to the rapid urban sprawl of Madaba city, there is an increase in population flow towards the outer suburb of the city which includes the university campus and inequity in the distribution of services in these areas. This increases the urban intensification in the city suburbs and the surrounding areas without preserving and reservation of land uses and urban activities. However, urban changes appeared at the city's edges, which helped to form new urban areas close to the university campuses. These changes gave an opportunity to attract new activities due to the existence of university campuses, which affect the urban growth of the city. Therefore, this study aims to identify the role of university campuses localized at the city edges in developing city urban growth. It focused on investigating the relationship between the university campus locations and the urban growth of the cities. This research depends on the quantitative method. The quantitative method employs statistical data analysis using GIS and a questionnaire survey. The study concludes with a series of recommendations for future decision-makers to overcome the main problems facing the urban growth of the city including university campus localizing at the edges. The study shows that the land uses in the surrounding context of the university campus changed significantly, where it could be concluded that residential (48.88% to 79.16%), commercial (3.03% to 9.56%), and service (3.28% to 5.42%) increased at the expense of agricultural use (36.13% to 4.02%). According to this change, it can be noted that there is a slight increase in the built-up areas, which was 3.30% in 1990 then became 8.30% in 2020. The outcome of this study contributes to improving the decisions made by the parties involved in urban development in Jordan when developing the surrounding context of the university campus located at the city edges.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43436312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.31964
Alonso Chicoma, Rosa Quiroz, Sócrates Muñoz, Luigi Villena
The construction sector has been consuming raw materials that are becoming extinct over time; in order to contribute to the sustainability of these resources, the use of wastes that are produced on a large scale and often expelled into the environment without being well exploited, there we have the tire rubber and silica fume. This study seeks to evaluate the physical-mechanical properties of concrete, using rubber powder (RP) and silica fume (SF), as a partial substitute for fine aggregate and cement. Concrete samples were made using 5%, 7%, 11% and 14% of rubber powder plus 3%, 7%, 11% and 15% of silica fume. The physical properties were evaluated by slump, temperature and unit weight tests, while compression, tensile and flexural tests were developed at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing, to analyze the mechanical properties. The results showed that the physical properties maintain acceptable variations, since the deficiencies of the rubber powder are reduced by the silica fume; the properties of compression, flexion and traction revealed that even with 8% of rubber powder plus 7% or 11% of silica fume, the desired resistances can be reached, without presenting increases. It is concluded that partial substitution with rubber powder and silica fume does not contribute significantly to the properties of concrete, however, it can be a great alternative when high strength concrete is not required.
{"title":"Influence of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete by Adding Rubber Powder and Silica Fume","authors":"Alonso Chicoma, Rosa Quiroz, Sócrates Muñoz, Luigi Villena","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.31964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.31964","url":null,"abstract":"The construction sector has been consuming raw materials that are becoming extinct over time; in order to contribute to the sustainability of these resources, the use of wastes that are produced on a large scale and often expelled into the environment without being well exploited, there we have the tire rubber and silica fume. This study seeks to evaluate the physical-mechanical properties of concrete, using rubber powder (RP) and silica fume (SF), as a partial substitute for fine aggregate and cement. Concrete samples were made using 5%, 7%, 11% and 14% of rubber powder plus 3%, 7%, 11% and 15% of silica fume. The physical properties were evaluated by slump, temperature and unit weight tests, while compression, tensile and flexural tests were developed at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing, to analyze the mechanical properties. The results showed that the physical properties maintain acceptable variations, since the deficiencies of the rubber powder are reduced by the silica fume; the properties of compression, flexion and traction revealed that even with 8% of rubber powder plus 7% or 11% of silica fume, the desired resistances can be reached, without presenting increases. It is concluded that partial substitution with rubber powder and silica fume does not contribute significantly to the properties of concrete, however, it can be a great alternative when high strength concrete is not required.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46283788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.31992
Seyede Farzaneh Ehsani Oskooie, S. Norouzi
Walkability is an interdisciplinary concept that is increasingly attracting researchers worldwide. With the advances in transportation technology and the resultant development of automobile-oriented cities, many urban areas have degraded significantly. In many developing countries like Iran, pedestrians often fail to meet international standards in terms of the level of service and spatial attributes. Tehran, the capital of Iran, is among the most polluted cities in the world, primarily because of its heavy vehicular traffic. Nonetheless, limited measures were taken to enhance the quality of pedestrian areas that would stimulate individuals to walk, that is, a green mode of transport. This novel approach is significant for increasing public awareness of the concept of walkability and addressing some issues to the city officials. This study assesses the quality of corridors of two squares in the Saadatabad district. The research methodology involves the combination of an agency policy survey, field observations using the objective method, and subjective analysis, including the direct interviews and the questionnaires filled in the sites. Data is collected using the Global Walkability Index (GWI), which provides a step-by-step guideline for data collection. The walkability score resulting from the objective analysis turned out to be 54, indicating a moderate walkability level, which was consistent with the convenience level, 2 out of 5, derived from the pilot study. Ultimately, the article offers some solutions regarding the identified shortcomings of the selected sites, which also apply to other areas.
{"title":"An Assessment of the Walkability of Square Corridors in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Saadatabad, Tehran, Iran","authors":"Seyede Farzaneh Ehsani Oskooie, S. Norouzi","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.31992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.31992","url":null,"abstract":"Walkability is an interdisciplinary concept that is increasingly attracting researchers worldwide. With the advances in transportation technology and the resultant development of automobile-oriented cities, many urban areas have degraded significantly. In many developing countries like Iran, pedestrians often fail to meet international standards in terms of the level of service and spatial attributes. Tehran, the capital of Iran, is among the most polluted cities in the world, primarily because of its heavy vehicular traffic. Nonetheless, limited measures were taken to enhance the quality of pedestrian areas that would stimulate individuals to walk, that is, a green mode of transport. This novel approach is significant for increasing public awareness of the concept of walkability and addressing some issues to the city officials. This study assesses the quality of corridors of two squares in the Saadatabad district. The research methodology involves the combination of an agency policy survey, field observations using the objective method, and subjective analysis, including the direct interviews and the questionnaires filled in the sites. Data is collected using the Global Walkability Index (GWI), which provides a step-by-step guideline for data collection. The walkability score resulting from the objective analysis turned out to be 54, indicating a moderate walkability level, which was consistent with the convenience level, 2 out of 5, derived from the pilot study. Ultimately, the article offers some solutions regarding the identified shortcomings of the selected sites, which also apply to other areas.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46280046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.33180
Kostas Biliūnas
The article is focused on research into the aesthetic-psychological relationship between building and place as an important but usually neglected dimension of sustainable architecture. A tool for research of contemporary and historical architecture is introduced – a combined contextuality method, which enables the examination of the relationship between architecture and natural features of the place. This kind of research, which includes visual and sensory experience, is still rarely included in scientific analysis. The method is based on the principles of the philosophy of phenomenology, from which the concept of the two-layeredness of an architectural or natural object originates. Edmund Husserl's phenomenological method for uncovering the essence of phenomena is the basis of the various methods constituting the forming approach. In the theories of different authors of the tradition of architectural phenomenology, architecture emerges as a mediator between place and humans. Although such a concept has long been established in the scientific environment, and one of its pioneers was Christian Norberg-Schulz, phenomenological methods are usually applied separately in the analysis of place and architecture. In order to uncover the contextuality of architecture, an interdisciplinary approach, integrating both of these fields, is necessary. In this article a combination of methods for the analysis of place and building is offered, and in order to enable the study of the relationship between the building and the natural elements of the place, a combined contextuality method is formed. It is based on a symmetrical phenomenological analysis of natural elements and an architectural object. The approach combines setting the place character model and the methods of archetypes, natural symbols and walking, all used in current scientific research. Through the juxtaposition of the extracted genius loci of the place formed by natural elements and the architectural object reduced to its essence, the combined contextuality method enables one to determine and to analyse the contextuality of the building in relation to natural elements of the place.
{"title":"The Combined Contextuality Method as a Means to Research the Relationship Between Architecture and Natural Elements of Place","authors":"Kostas Biliūnas","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.33180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.32.1.33180","url":null,"abstract":"The article is focused on research into the aesthetic-psychological relationship between building and place as an important but usually neglected dimension of sustainable architecture. A tool for research of contemporary and historical architecture is introduced – a combined contextuality method, which enables the examination of the relationship between architecture and natural features of the place. This kind of research, which includes visual and sensory experience, is still rarely included in scientific analysis. The method is based on the principles of the philosophy of phenomenology, from which the concept of the two-layeredness of an architectural or natural object originates. Edmund Husserl's phenomenological method for uncovering the essence of phenomena is the basis of the various methods constituting the forming approach. In the theories of different authors of the tradition of architectural phenomenology, architecture emerges as a mediator between place and humans. Although such a concept has long been established in the scientific environment, and one of its pioneers was Christian Norberg-Schulz, phenomenological methods are usually applied separately in the analysis of place and architecture. In order to uncover the contextuality of architecture, an interdisciplinary approach, integrating both of these fields, is necessary. In this article a combination of methods for the analysis of place and building is offered, and in order to enable the study of the relationship between the building and the natural elements of the place, a combined contextuality method is formed. It is based on a symmetrical phenomenological analysis of natural elements and an architectural object. The approach combines setting the place character model and the methods of archetypes, natural symbols and walking, all used in current scientific research. Through the juxtaposition of the extracted genius loci of the place formed by natural elements and the architectural object reduced to its essence, the combined contextuality method enables one to determine and to analyse the contextuality of the building in relation to natural elements of the place.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41524915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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