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International Journal of Practice-Based Learning in Health and Social Care最新文献

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Book Review Stephen Billett, Jennifer Newton, Gary Rogers, Christy Noble (Eds.): Augmenting Health and Social Care Students’ Clinical Learning Experiences: Outcomes and Processes 书评Stephen Billett,Jennifer Newton,Gary Rogers,Christy Noble(编辑):增强健康和社会护理学生的临床学习体验:结果和过程
Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2020-06-02 DOI: 10.18552/ijpblhsc.v8i1.677
L. Meyer
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引用次数: 9
Capturing the Real Impact of Clinical Academics in Practice 在实践中捕捉临床学术的真正影响
Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2019-12-13 DOI: 10.18552/ijpblhsc.v7i2.647
J. Coad, J. Manning, E. Mills, C. Semple, B. Johnston, A. Mcmahon
The Clinical Academic Careers Framework proposes an over-arching structure to develop the clinical academic workforce whose activities have patient benefit within a clear UK programme. Traditionally this has centred on professionals from medicine and dentistry, but in the last ten years has developed into a more inclusive career framework for non-medical health professions which includes Nurses, Midwives and Allied Health Professionals (NMAHPs) and Healthcare Scientists (HCSs) that provide NHS services. As such, it is reported that clinical academic NMAHPs and HCSs can contribute to the generation and translation of new knowledge to help improve outcomes and experiences for patients. In this article, we explore key issues relating to the impact of clinical academic NMAHPs and HCSs on clinical practice in a UK context, as well as some measurements of impact, including the value and limitations of currently used metrics (such as Key Performance Indicators, or KPIs). We report that measuring the learning in practice of this novel role will need to include smart metrics alongside a person-centred approach. We share four national case studies, all of which are drawn from clinical academic researchers from different UK settings to show the real variety and differences in roles. We argue that this is the key both to learning in practice about this role, and to witnessing the real differences clinical academics make.
临床学术职业框架提出了一个总体结构,以发展临床学术队伍,其活动在明确的英国计划中使患者受益。传统上,这是以医学和牙科专业人员为中心的,但在过去十年中,它已经发展成为非医疗卫生专业人员的更具包容性的职业框架,其中包括护士、助产士和联合卫生专业人员(NMAHP)以及提供NHS服务的医疗保健科学家(HCSs)。因此,据报道,临床学术NMAHP和HCSs可以有助于新知识的生成和翻译,以帮助改善患者的结果和体验。在这篇文章中,我们探讨了与英国临床学术NMAHP和HCSs对临床实践的影响有关的关键问题,以及一些影响的衡量标准,包括当前使用的指标(如关键绩效指标或KPI)的价值和局限性。我们报告称,衡量这一新角色在实践中的学习情况,需要将智能指标与以人为本的方法结合起来。我们分享了四个国家的案例研究,所有这些研究都来自英国不同环境的临床学术研究人员,以展示角色的真实多样性和差异。我们认为,这是在实践中学习这一角色的关键,也是见证临床学者所产生的真正差异的关键。
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引用次数: 10
The DINARC© Toolkit - Clinical Academic Research Capacity-Building and Post-Doctoral Development for Nurses, Midwives and Allied Health Professionals (NMAHP) DINARC©工具包-护士、助产士和联合卫生专业人员的临床学术研究能力建设和博士后发展(NMAHP)
Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2019-12-12 DOI: 10.18552/ijpblhsc.v7i2.645
H. Iles-Smith, S. Ersser
The challenges of developing nurses, midwives and AHPs (NMAHPs) as clinical academics (CA) have received international attention. Balancing clinical practice and academic pursuit, often where managers are unfamiliar with academic career requirements, is one such challenge; however, the current literature provides limited developmental guidance. The aim of this article is to describe the DINARC © (Dissemination, Implementation, Networking, Active Research and Clinical practice) Toolkit, a continuous practice development aide for NMAHPs who are in the early post-doctoral phase of a clinical academic career (CAC). We identified five DINARC © elements, through evidence review and synthesis, as requisites for supporting the progression of a CAC. An ‘expert reference group’ (CAs, academic supervisors and nurse leaders) advised and assisted in development of the DINARC © concept. A Practitioner Research Plan and Mentor–Mentee Discussion Guide was developed and applied within a large metropolitan UK university teaching hospital; this was designed to identify the essential elements required to successfully navigate a CAC pathway. Early feedback from practitioners and managers suggests that DINARC © aids CAs in navigating an early CAC and offers guidance for managers. Further application and evaluation of DINARC © is now required by those developing a CAC. Implications for practice: DINARC © is a resource to guide practitioners’ CAC development with the goal of integrating and strengthening clinically-based NMAHP research activities, with related improvements in patient care. We believe that DINARC © has wider relevance as a useful tool, worthy of testing internationally.
培养护士、助产士和AHP(NMAHP)作为临床学者的挑战已受到国际关注。平衡临床实践和学术追求,通常是管理者不熟悉学术职业要求的地方,就是这样一个挑战;然而,目前的文献提供的发展指导有限。本文的目的是描述DINARC©(传播、实施、网络、积极研究和临床实践)工具包,这是处于临床学术生涯(CAC)早期博士后阶段的NMAHP的持续实践发展助手。我们通过证据审查和综合确定了五个DINARC©元素,作为支持CAC进展的必要条件。一个“专家参考小组”(CA、学术主管和护士领导)为DINARC©概念的发展提供建议和协助。制定了从业者研究计划和导师-心理讨论指南,并在英国一所大型大都市大学教学医院内应用;这是为了确定成功驾驭CAC途径所需的基本要素。从业人员和管理人员的早期反馈表明,DINARC©有助于CA在早期CAC中导航,并为管理人员提供指导。开发CAC的人员现在需要进一步应用和评估DINARC©。对实践的影响:DINARC©是一种指导从业者CAC发展的资源,目的是整合和加强基于临床的NMAHP研究活动,并改善患者护理。我们相信,DINARC©作为一种有用的工具具有更广泛的相关性,值得在国际上进行测试。
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引用次数: 9
Expectations and Understanding of Learning in Practice: Student Speech and Language Therapists’ and Practice Educators’ Perspectives of Learning 实践中学习的期望与理解:学生语言治疗师与实践教育者的学习视角
Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.18552/IJPBLHSC.V7I1.502
K. Davies, Fiona Kevan, E. Ormerod
Research in speech and language therapy education has focussed on investigating models of clinical placements, rather than how learning is optimised in practical settings. A distinction has been made in practice-based learning in medical education between ‘capability’ and ‘competency’, urging educators to prioritise learning that enables problem solving and application of theory. We know little about student speech and language therapists’ (SLTs) and educators’ perception and expectations of clinical learning in placement and how this relates to capability. We investigated student SLTs’ and educators’ beliefs and experiences of successful learning in clinical settings and how they perceived their learner/educator roles using a qualitative study. Data was gathered from 28 students and educators using individual interviews and focus groups. The data was investigated using thematic analysis. Educators see their role as facilitators, developing core skills such as clinical reasoning, understanding professional identity and gaining independence. Some educators see this as a co-learning model, creating opportunities for their own learning. Students’ conceptions change during clinical placements, from focussing on their own development to seeking to understand the client’s perspective as well as identify needs, and respond with well-reasoned options for intervention. Aiming to equip SLT learners to be capable professionals, able to apply skills of clinical reasoning, is considered a core skill for SLT educators. Developing models for clinical placements informed by understanding how students learn to become capable could enhance the readiness of student SLTs to enter professional practice.
言语和语言治疗教育的研究重点是研究临床实习模式,而不是如何在实际环境中优化学习。医学教育中基于实践的学习区分了“能力”和“胜任力”,敦促教育工作者优先考虑能够解决问题和应用理论的学习。我们对学生言语治疗师(SLT)和教育工作者对实习临床学习的看法和期望以及这与能力的关系知之甚少。我们使用定性研究调查了学生SLT和教育工作者在临床环境中成功学习的信念和经验,以及他们如何看待自己的学习者/教育者角色。数据是通过个人访谈和焦点小组从28名学生和教育工作者那里收集的。使用专题分析对数据进行了调查。教育工作者将自己的角色视为促进者,发展临床推理、理解职业身份和获得独立性等核心技能。一些教育工作者将此视为一种共同学习模式,为自己的学习创造机会。在临床实习期间,学生的观念发生了变化,从关注自己的发展到寻求理解客户的观点、确定需求,并以合理的干预方案做出回应。旨在使SLT学习者成为有能力的专业人员,能够应用临床推理技能,被认为是SLT教育工作者的核心技能。通过了解学生如何学习能力来开发临床实习模型,可以提高学生SLT进入专业实践的准备程度。
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引用次数: 1
Promoting Transition Resilience through Personal Development Planning: An Evaluation of the Perspectives of Preparation for Transition of Final-Year Undergraduate Nursing Students 通过个人发展规划促进过渡弹性:护理本科生最后一年过渡准备视角的评估
Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.18552/IJPBLHSC.V7I1.513
J. Leigh, A. Darvill
The experience of transition is of concern to newly registered nurses entering the world of work, and to those seeking to prepare, recruit and retain such nurses. This paper evaluates a final year preparation for role transition module from the perspectives of final year student nurses. Focus groups and one to one interviews were carried out at three distinct points in time, after the module assessments and after each of the three clinical placements in the final year. Braun and Clarke’s inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data with four themes emerging: impact/relevance of the personal development plan; development of self; role of the mentor; and transition resilience/taking control. These four themes were then applied to Kirkpatrick’s model of evaluation, providing a deductive or theoretical framework for analysing and evaluating the outcomes of the module. Preparation for transition and the development of resilience have been identified as a potential solution associated with the negative experiences and challenges of transition. Resilience is an essential attribute that enables nurses to make sense of their experiences of transition and manage the stress of the work place. Creating transition focused personal development plans to guide learning in the final year enabled the participants to take responsibility for their own learning and with the support from a good mentor, participants were able to understand that feeling nervous about transition was normal. This in turn enhanced their confidence, promoting ‘transition resilience’ as opposed to feelings and experiences associated with the more traditional concept of transition or reality shock. Key Words: role transition, transition resilience, transition module, reality shock, transition focused personal development plan
新注册护士进入职场,以及那些寻求准备、招聘和留住这些护士的人,都对过渡经历感到关切。本文从大四实习护士的角度评估了角色转换模块的大四准备工作。在模块评估之后以及最后一年的三次临床实习之后,在三个不同的时间点进行了焦点小组和一对一访谈。Braun和Clarke的归纳主题分析用于分析出现的四个主题的数据:个人发展计划的影响/相关性;自我发展;导师的角色;以及过渡弹性/取得控制权。然后将这四个主题应用于柯克帕特里克的评估模型,为分析和评估模块的结果提供了一个演绎或理论框架。过渡准备和发展复原力已被确定为与过渡的负面经验和挑战相关的潜在解决方案。韧性是一个基本属性,使护士能够理解自己的过渡经历,并管理工作场所的压力。制定以过渡为重点的个人发展计划来指导最后一年的学习,使参与者能够对自己的学习负责,在一位优秀导师的支持下,参与者能够理解对过渡感到紧张是正常的。这反过来增强了他们的信心,促进了“过渡弹性”,而不是与更传统的过渡或现实冲击概念相关的感受和经历。关键词:角色转变、转变韧性、转变模块、现实冲击、以转变为中心的个人发展计划
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引用次数: 2
From Trepidation to Transformation: Strategies Used by Occupational Therapy Students on Role-Emerging Placements 从蜕变到蜕变:职业治疗专业学生在角色扮演上的策略
Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.18552/IJPBLHSC.V7I1.508
Channine Clarke, Richard de-Visser, G. Sadlo
To prepare graduates for the diverse practice contexts in which they may work in the future, roleemerging placements are increasingly being used within curricula. Literature highlights the benefits and challenges of such placements but there has been little research to examine how students manage and overcome these challenges. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to gain a deeper understanding of how five MSc pre-registration occupational therapy students coped with the challenges of undertaking a role-emerging placement. Interviews were carried out and analysed using IPA guidelines. The students utilised personal attributes, reflection, supervision, communities of practice, peer support and experiential learning to help them cope with, and overcome, the placement challenges. This enabled them to take ownership of their own learning and development, leading to positive placement outcomes. We conclude that students need to be encouraged to use and develop a range of strategies to overcome challenges of role-emerging placements. The findings build on existing accounts of students’ experiences of role-emerging placements by providing deeper insights into the strategies they use to help them manage such placements successfully. Recommendations for further research are highlighted. Suggestions for placement preparation to facilitate students’ coping strategies are made.
为了让毕业生为将来可能工作的各种实践环境做好准备,课程中越来越多地使用角色新兴实习。文献强调了这种实习的好处和挑战,但很少有研究研究学生如何管理和克服这些挑战。解释性现象学分析(IPA)被用于更深入地了解五名硕士注册前职业治疗学生如何应对承担角色新兴安置的挑战。访谈是根据国际出版商协会的指导方针进行和分析的。学生们利用个人特质、反思、监督、实践社区、同伴支持和体验式学习来帮助他们应对和克服安置挑战。这使他们能够掌握自己的学习和发展,从而产生积极的安置结果。我们的结论是,需要鼓励学生使用和发展一系列策略来克服角色新兴安置的挑战。这些发现建立在现有的学生角色新兴实习经历的基础上,通过对他们用来帮助他们成功管理这种实习的策略提供更深入的见解。强调了进一步研究的建议。并就学生的就业准备提出建议,以协助学生采取应对策略。
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引用次数: 5
Ethics in Professional Practice: An Education Resource for Health Science Students 职业实践中的伦理学:健康科学专业学生的教育资源
Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.18552/IJPBLHSC.V7I1.552
B. Kenny, K. Thomson, Amanda Semaan, L. Di Michele, N. Pollard, M. Nicole, Y. Jimenez, L. McAllister
Ethical practice is a core health science graduate attribute yet ethical reasoning is rarely explicitly taught during professional placements. Our aim was to design an educational resource for health science students to 1) engage students in the topic of ethics and 2) facilitate their skills to identify, manage and communicate ethical issues during professional placements. The Ethics in Professional Practice (EPP) resource was developed using collaborative design-based research by an interprofessional, Work Integrated Learning team. We drew upon Barab and Squire’s (2004) approach, with cycles of design, analysis, redesign and feedback informing resource development. The EPP resource comprises five video case studies that reflect ethical issues from diverse professional practice environments and include perspectives from students, clinical educators, clients and caregivers. The student is cast as a central character who must decide what actions may be taken to resolve ethical conflict. Complementary ethics education resources include reflective questions, guides to ethical reasoning and goal-setting resources. The resource was implemented with a cohort of 15 graduate-entry exercise physiology students and 59 undergraduate speech pathology students from the University of Sydney. Student feedback was utilised to inform resource redesign. Findings indicated that students valued the authentic ethics scenarios but experienced challenges when navigating online learning activities. Redesign focussed on enhancing interactive design features and improving accessibility of learning activities. This project achieved our goals to address ethical sensitivity, reasoning, communication and goals for future ethical practice.
道德实践是健康科学毕业生的核心属性,但在专业实习期间很少明确教授道德推理。我们的目标是为健康科学专业的学生设计一种教育资源,以1)让学生参与伦理主题,2)提高他们在专业实习期间识别、管理和沟通伦理问题的技能。专业实践中的伦理(EPP)资源是由一个跨专业、工作集成学习团队利用基于协作设计的研究开发的。我们借鉴了Barab和Squire(2004)的方法,利用设计、分析、重新设计和反馈的循环来为资源开发提供信息。EPP资源包括五个视频案例研究,反映了来自不同专业实践环境的道德问题,包括学生、临床教育者、客户和护理人员的观点。学生被塑造成一个中心角色,必须决定采取什么行动来解决道德冲突。补充伦理教育资源包括反思性问题、伦理推理指南和目标设定资源。该资源是在悉尼大学15名刚入学的运动生理学研究生和59名语言病理学本科生中实施的。学生的反馈被用来通知资源的重新设计。研究结果表明,学生重视真实的道德情景,但在进行在线学习活动时遇到了挑战。重新设计侧重于增强交互设计功能和改进学习活动的可访问性。这个项目达到了我们解决伦理敏感性、推理、沟通和未来伦理实践目标的目标。
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引用次数: 2
Utility of the Occupation-Centered Intervention Assessment for Occupational Therapy Level I Fieldwork 以职业为中心的干预评估在职业治疗一级实地工作中的应用
Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.18552/IJPBLHSC.V7I1.510
Nora Frigo, Emiliy Hanneman, Adrianne Kashale, Margaret Sutton, E. Wright, Vanessa D. Jewell
This study examined the utility of the Occupation-Centered Intervention Assessment (OCIA) among occupational therapy students and their perceptions of the use of an occupation-centered approach to design interventions during level I fieldwork. Twenty-five students completed training on the OCIA, used the tool on level 1 fieldwork, and then completed a post-test survey containing closed and open-ended questions. Content analysis was used to analyze open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze quantitative data. Overall, students (N=25) found the OCIA to be a beneficial tool to utilize during fieldwork experiences to recognize and develop interventions from an occupation-centered approach. Currently the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework and models of practice are the primary tools available for student reflection for intervention design. The findings of this study supported the need for a reflection tool to aide in the development and implementation of occupation-centered reasoning during fieldwork experiences.
本研究考察了职业中心干预评估(OCIA)在职业治疗学生中的效用,以及他们在一级实地工作中对使用职业中心方法设计干预措施的看法。25名学生完成了OCIA的培训,在第一级实地工作中使用了该工具,然后完成了一项包含封闭式和开放式问题的测试后调查。采用内容分析法对开放性问题进行分析。定量资料采用描述性统计分析。总体而言,学生(N=25)发现OCIA是一个有益的工具,可以在实地工作经验中使用,以识别和开发以职业为中心的方法的干预措施。目前,职业治疗实践框架和实践模型是学生反思干预设计的主要工具。本研究的结果支持需要一种反思工具,以协助在实地工作经验中发展和实施以职业为中心的推理。
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引用次数: 5
University Teachers’ Perceptions of Screening Students’ Communication Skills: A Case Study from Speech Pathology 大学教师对筛选学生沟通技巧的认知:来自言语病理学的个案研究
Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.18552/IJPBLHSC.V7I1.509
Robyn Johnson, A. Purcell, E. Power, K. Thomson
Excellent communication and interpersonal skills are necessary for allied health professionals to provide effective care/treatment and underpin the practice-based competencies allied health students must develop. Communication skills of first year speech pathology (SP) students are screened at the major Australian metropolitan university where this study took place. Final year students screen their first year peers as part of their practice-based education experience. Although this identifies first year students with communication difficulties, the perceived value to university teachers (academics and practice educators) has not been investigated. This study described university staff perceptions of screening the communication skills of first year SP students. The qualitative, descriptive design included two focus groups. The dataset was analysed thematically. The analysis revealed the staff perception of value in screening communication skills to inform student support. Two sub-themes contributing to this perception were ‘purpose of the screener’ and ‘content and administration of the screener’. Both staff groups strongly valued the screening process, stating that it is positive and useful. A similar screening process could identify first year students from a range of health fields with less skilled communication, who may require additional support to achieve competency.
优秀的沟通和人际交往能力是必要的专职卫生专业人员提供有效的护理/治疗和基础的实践能力专职卫生学生必须发展。本研究在澳大利亚主要城市大学进行,对一年级言语病理学(SP)学生的沟通技巧进行了筛选。最后一年的学生筛选他们的一年级同学作为他们的实践为基础的教育经验的一部分。虽然这项研究确定了有沟通困难的一年级学生,但对大学教师(学者和实践教育者)的感知价值尚未得到调查。本研究描述大学教职员对筛选一年级学生沟通技巧的看法。定性、描述性设计包括两个焦点小组。对数据集进行了主题分析。分析显示,教职员认为筛选沟通技巧对学生支持的价值。促成这种看法的两个子主题是“筛选器的目的”和“筛选器的内容和管理”。两组工作人员都非常重视筛选过程,认为这是积极和有用的。类似的筛选程序可以识别来自一系列卫生领域的一年级学生,他们的沟通能力较差,可能需要额外的支持才能获得能力。
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引用次数: 1
Real-World Training for Real-World Benefits: Exploring the Impact of Practice-Based Service Evaluation Training 现实世界的培训为现实世界的利益:探索基于实践的服务评估培训的影响
Q2 Health Professions Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.18552/IJPBLHSC.V7I1.535
M. Price, G. Latchford, J. Hughes
Service evaluation is a major part of delivering effective healthcare. It is important that the future workforce of clinical psychologists is equipped with the skills required to complete evaluations of the services that they deliver. This article investigated the extent to which practice-based Service Evaluation Projects (SEPs) completed by trainee clinical psychologists at the University of Leeds had an impact on the real-world services that commissioned them. Descriptive analysis was used to summarise the characteristics of SEPs completed over the past thirteen years and to explore feedback from semi-structured interviews held with a sample of commissioners. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes relating to the impact of SEPs. 230 SEPs have been completed in the past thirteen years. Interviews with 15 commissioners concerning 38 individual SEPs found that the majority had a positive impact (n = 33), most of which were able to bring about a change independently of other initiatives within the service (n = 20). Almost all would have been impossible without the opportunity for clinicians to commission SEPs via the university. Three key themes emerged in terms of impact: improving processes; improving knowledge; and improving resources. Practice-based service evaluations completed by trainee clinical psychologists can lead to a positive impact on real-world services. This suggests that providing training experiences ‘in the field’ is a helpful pedagogical strategy, adding value to services as well as trainee health professionals.
服务评估是提供有效医疗保健的重要组成部分。重要的是,未来的临床心理学家队伍要具备完成对其所提供服务的评估所需的技能。本文调查了利兹大学实习临床心理学家完成的基于实践的服务评估项目(SEP)对委托他们提供的现实世界服务的影响程度。描述性分析用于总结过去13年中完成的SEP的特征,并探索对委员样本进行的半结构化访谈的反馈。专题分析用于确定与SEP影响有关的关键专题。在过去的十三年里,已经完成了230个SEP。对涉及38名SEP的15名专员的采访发现,大多数SEP都产生了积极影响(n=33),其中大多数SEP能够独立于服务内的其他举措带来变革(n=20)。如果没有临床医生通过大学委托SEP的机会,几乎所有的事情都是不可能的。就影响而言,出现了三个关键主题:改进进程;提高知识;以及改善资源。实习临床心理学家完成的基于实践的服务评估可以对现实世界的服务产生积极影响。这表明,提供“实地”培训经验是一种有益的教学策略,可以为服务和实习卫生专业人员增加价值。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
International Journal of Practice-Based Learning in Health and Social Care
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