Mounika Sarvepalli, A. Velidandi, Arun Kumar, N. Korrapati
Iron is one of the most essential micronutrients for all the existing life systems. However, at biological pH, iron gets oxidised to insoluble oxyhydroxide polymers. In low iron conditions, microbes secrete specialised molecules called siderophores, which are high affinity and low molecular weight chelating agents that increase the availability of iron for microbial usage. In marine water, concentration of iron is as low as nanomolar. Very less light has been shed on the sidero-phores of marine actinomycetes. Actinomycetes are known for producing novel secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities, siderophores are one such bioactive metabolite. Siderophores significantly differs in structure based on the ligands of oxygen for iron(III) (Ferric, Fe +3 ) synchronization. The applications of siderophores include heavy metal remediation, treating metal toxicity. In medical field, they are employed to treat diseases like thalassemia, sickle cell anaemia, and used to treat few cancers. They are being exploited to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which is a mounting problem these days. It has been reported that they can also be used as biosensors for iron detection. Recently developed high throughput strategies, HPLC-MS and MS/MS methods are used to identify and quantify many unknown siderophores. In this review, recent developments, and diverse applications of marine siderophores are reported. The review also highlights the association and involvement of siderophores in the synthesis of various NPs and their applications in the fields of medical to environmental biotechnology.
{"title":"Marine Actinomycetes Siderophores: Types, High Throughput Characterization Techniques, Applications, and Their Association with Nanotechnology: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Mounika Sarvepalli, A. Velidandi, Arun Kumar, N. Korrapati","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2024-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2024-130","url":null,"abstract":"Iron is one of the most essential micronutrients for all the existing life systems. However, at biological pH, iron gets oxidised to insoluble oxyhydroxide polymers. In low iron conditions, microbes secrete specialised molecules called siderophores, which are high affinity and low molecular weight chelating agents that increase the availability of iron for microbial usage. In marine water, concentration of iron is as low as nanomolar. Very less light has been shed on the sidero-phores of marine actinomycetes. Actinomycetes are known for producing novel secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities, siderophores are one such bioactive metabolite. Siderophores significantly differs in structure based on the ligands of oxygen for iron(III) (Ferric, Fe +3 ) synchronization. The applications of siderophores include heavy metal remediation, treating metal toxicity. In medical field, they are employed to treat diseases like thalassemia, sickle cell anaemia, and used to treat few cancers. They are being exploited to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which is a mounting problem these days. It has been reported that they can also be used as biosensors for iron detection. Recently developed high throughput strategies, HPLC-MS and MS/MS methods are used to identify and quantify many unknown siderophores. In this review, recent developments, and diverse applications of marine siderophores are reported. The review also highlights the association and involvement of siderophores in the synthesis of various NPs and their applications in the fields of medical to environmental biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140458380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of nanotechnology has brought diagnosis and therapy closer together, making theranostic compounds a promising area of study. Theranostic substances can both diagnose and treat a patient's condition. For their potential use in treating a wide range of ailments, including cancer, TB, diabetes, etc., metallic nanoparticles are currently the subject of intensive research. Modern nanotechnology allows for the precise assembly of medicinal chemicals onto metallic nanoparticles, which can then be used for targeted drug delivery, illness detection, and even imaging. Problems that must be solved before metallic theranostic agents can be successfully implemented in clinical settings include their complicated design, instability, toxicity, drug release regulation, mass production, and the potential for behavioral, psychological, and metabolic side effects. This article reviews the recent progress made in using metallic nanoparticles like gold, carbon, and iron oxide nanoparticles as theranostic agents. We also provide a brief summary of the various imaging properties of metallic nanoparticles. Finally, this in-depth analysis discusses new patents associated with metallic nanoparticles as a theranostic agent.
{"title":"Efficacy of Metallic Nanoparticles and Nanocarriers as an Advanced Tool for Imaging and Diagnosis: Insight into Theranostic Applications","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-120","url":null,"abstract":"The development of nanotechnology has brought diagnosis and therapy closer together, making theranostic compounds a promising area of study. Theranostic substances can both diagnose and treat a patient's condition. For their potential use in treating a wide range of ailments, including cancer, TB, diabetes, etc., metallic nanoparticles are currently the subject of intensive research. Modern nanotechnology allows for the precise assembly of medicinal chemicals onto metallic nanoparticles, which can then be used for targeted drug delivery, illness detection, and even imaging. Problems that must be solved before metallic theranostic agents can be successfully implemented in clinical settings include their complicated design, instability, toxicity, drug release regulation, mass production, and the potential for behavioral, psychological, and metabolic side effects. This article reviews the recent progress made in using metallic nanoparticles like gold, carbon, and iron oxide nanoparticles as theranostic agents. We also provide a brief summary of the various imaging properties of metallic nanoparticles. Finally, this in-depth analysis discusses new patents associated with metallic nanoparticles as a theranostic agent.","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67661188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-081
{"title":"Experimental Study on Tensile Strength of AA5059 Reinforced Nano Kaolinite Composite Subjected to Novel Encapsulate Technique","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-083
Konka Mahesh, L. Natrayan, Vidhya Lakshmi
This study compares the hardness level of as-cast AA7178 with a reinforced hybrid metal matrix composite fabricated with fly ash (5%) and nano zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) (5%) hybrid composites using a novel encapsulation technique. The samples for both groups were created using a novel encapsulating process employing the stir-casting method. For group 2, a hybrid composite of fly ash (5%), nano ZrO 2 (5%), and AA7178 was used, whereas AA7178 as-cast was used for group 1. The samples were made following ASTM E92 criteria, and their hardness was measured using a Vickers hardness machine. Each group with 20 samples was fabricated. The G-power used for this process is 80%, α = 0.05 per set for calculating sample size and the total sample size is 40. The maximum hardness of the (5% and 5%) fly ash and nano ZrO 2 filled material is 35.61% greater than the as-cast AA7178. T-test statistical analysis reveals a significant p = 0.00 (p < 0.05) difference in the mean-variance of hardness between groups 1 and 2. Within the constraints of this study, it was observed that adding 5% fly ash and 5% nano ZrO 2 reinforcement with AA7178 composite significantly enhances hardness.
{"title":"Effect of Nano ZrO2/Fly Ash Particles on Hardness of AA7178 Metal Matrix Composites Using Novel Encapsulate Stir Casting Technique","authors":"Konka Mahesh, L. Natrayan, Vidhya Lakshmi","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-083","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the hardness level of as-cast AA7178 with a reinforced hybrid metal matrix composite fabricated with fly ash (5%) and nano zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) (5%) hybrid composites using a novel encapsulation technique. The samples for both groups were created using a novel encapsulating process employing the stir-casting method. For group 2, a hybrid composite of fly ash (5%), nano ZrO 2 (5%), and AA7178 was used, whereas AA7178 as-cast was used for group 1. The samples were made following ASTM E92 criteria, and their hardness was measured using a Vickers hardness machine. Each group with 20 samples was fabricated. The G-power used for this process is 80%, α = 0.05 per set for calculating sample size and the total sample size is 40. The maximum hardness of the (5% and 5%) fly ash and nano ZrO 2 filled material is 35.61% greater than the as-cast AA7178. T-test statistical analysis reveals a significant p = 0.00 (p < 0.05) difference in the mean-variance of hardness between groups 1 and 2. Within the constraints of this study, it was observed that adding 5% fly ash and 5% nano ZrO 2 reinforcement with AA7178 composite significantly enhances hardness.","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"251 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139317924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-084
Natrajan Sailash, Thirumalai Gopal Sakthivel
The main objective of the present study is to examine the efficacy of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles when employed in single basin solar still to convert saltwater into freshwater. This study aims to compare the operational efficacy of a solar still in the presence and absence of nanoparticles. The purpose is to evaluate the extent of their influence on the efficiency of the system. The findings of this research are expected to contribute to the development of sustainable methods for purifying saltwater into freshwater. Two groups were used in this research: Group 1, which used a standard solar still without nanoparticles, and group 2, which used a modified solar still with Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles. The study included a large number of specimens, with an average distribution of 20 samples in each group, and the specimen magnitude was determined using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. The most successful technique for minimizing the return on investment for the solar still with Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles was determined as having a payback period of up to 2.85 years, which was smaller than that of the still with typical water and other nanofluids. An independent sample t-test was conducted on the acquired results using the statistical software SPSS v26. The statistical significance was established through the obtained (two-tailed) test p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). Adding Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles to the base fluid considerably influences the performance of single-basin solar still. It improves system efficiency, and the findings of this study may be applied to develop sustainable techniques for purifying saltwater into freshwater. The results found that adding Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles to the base fluid significantly enhanced the solar still’s daily yield, evaporation, and condensation rates. Adding 0.3% Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles to the base fluid increased productivity by up to 23.7%.
本研究的主要目的是检验纳米氧化铁（Fe 2 O 3）颗粒在单池太阳能蒸发器中将盐水转化为淡水时的功效。本研究旨在比较太阳能蒸馏器在有纳米颗粒和没有纳米颗粒的情况下的运行效率。目的是评估纳米颗粒对系统效率的影响程度。预计本研究的结果将有助于开发将咸水净化为淡水的可持续方法。本研究使用了两个小组：第 1 组使用不含纳米颗粒的标准太阳能蒸馏器，第 2 组使用含纳米 Fe 2 O 3 的改进型太阳能蒸馏器。研究包括大量试样，每组平均分配 20 个试样，试样量级使用 SPSS（社会科学统计软件包）软件确定。经测定，使用 Fe 2 O 3 纳米粒子的太阳能蒸馏器投资回报期最长为 2.85 年，比使用典型水和其他纳米流体的蒸馏器的投资回报期短，是投资回报期最短的成功技术。使用 SPSS v26 统计软件对所得结果进行了独立样本 t 检验。得出的（双尾）检验 p 值为 0.000（p < 0.05），从而确定了统计意义。在基液中添加纳米 Fe 2 O 3 可显著影响单池太阳能蒸馏器的性能。本研究的结果可用于开发将咸水净化为淡水的可持续技术。研究结果发现，在基液中添加 Fe 2 O 3 纳米粒子可显著提高太阳能蒸馏器的日产量、蒸发率和冷凝率。在基液中添加 0.3% 的 Fe 2 O 3 纳米粒子可使产量提高 23.7%。
{"title":"Comparative Performance Analysis of Novel Single-slope Conventional Solar Still and Solar Still with Fe2O3 Water Nanofluids Through Experimental Investigation","authors":"Natrajan Sailash, Thirumalai Gopal Sakthivel","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-084","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the present study is to examine the efficacy of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles when employed in single basin solar still to convert saltwater into freshwater. This study aims to compare the operational efficacy of a solar still in the presence and absence of nanoparticles. The purpose is to evaluate the extent of their influence on the efficiency of the system. The findings of this research are expected to contribute to the development of sustainable methods for purifying saltwater into freshwater. Two groups were used in this research: Group 1, which used a standard solar still without nanoparticles, and group 2, which used a modified solar still with Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles. The study included a large number of specimens, with an average distribution of 20 samples in each group, and the specimen magnitude was determined using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. The most successful technique for minimizing the return on investment for the solar still with Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles was determined as having a payback period of up to 2.85 years, which was smaller than that of the still with typical water and other nanofluids. An independent sample t-test was conducted on the acquired results using the statistical software SPSS v26. The statistical significance was established through the obtained (two-tailed) test p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). Adding Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles to the base fluid considerably influences the performance of single-basin solar still. It improves system efficiency, and the findings of this study may be applied to develop sustainable techniques for purifying saltwater into freshwater. The results found that adding Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles to the base fluid significantly enhanced the solar still’s daily yield, evaporation, and condensation rates. Adding 0.3% Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles to the base fluid increased productivity by up to 23.7%.","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139317832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-082
{"title":"Investigation on Tribological Properties of AA5059 Reinforced Nano Kaolinite Metal Matrix Composite Using Novel Encapsulate Technique","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139317858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-078
Konka Mahesh, L. Natrayan, Agaram Sundaram
This research aims to compare the surface roughness of AA7178 reinforced with 5% fly ash and 5% nano zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) hybrid composites fabricated using a novel encapsulation process to that of as-cast AA7178 alloy. Group 1 consists of AA7178 as-cast samples without any composite material, whereas group 2 comprises AA7178 metal matrix composite prepared using a hybrid composite of fly ash (5%), nano ZrO 2 (5%), and AA7178. The samples for both groups are fabricated by stir casting using a novel encapsulation technique. The samples of both groups were created by following the ASTM E92 guidelines, and a Mitutoyo surface roughness tester (SJ-410) was used to measure the sample’s surface roughness. The G-power used for this process is 80%, α = 0.05 per set for calculating sample size and the total sample size is 40; each group contains 20 samples. The samples filled with reinforcement of (5% and 5%) fly ash and nano ZrO 2 exhibit a more excellent surface finish than samples of as-cast AA7178 without any reinforcement. Based on t-test statistical analysis, it is obtained that there is a significant p = 0.00 (p < 0.05) difference between group 1 and group 2 in the mean variance of surface roughness. Within the limitations of this study, it proves that the reinforcement of AA7178 with 5% fly ash and 5% nano ZrO 2 considerably decreases 29.90% of surface roughness compared to as-cast AA7178 alloy.
{"title":"Improvement of Surface Roughness on AA7178/Nano ZrO2/Fly Ash Metal-matrix Composite via Novel Encapsulate Stir Casting Technique by Drilling Process","authors":"Konka Mahesh, L. Natrayan, Agaram Sundaram","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-078","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to compare the surface roughness of AA7178 reinforced with 5% fly ash and 5% nano zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) hybrid composites fabricated using a novel encapsulation process to that of as-cast AA7178 alloy. Group 1 consists of AA7178 as-cast samples without any composite material, whereas group 2 comprises AA7178 metal matrix composite prepared using a hybrid composite of fly ash (5%), nano ZrO 2 (5%), and AA7178. The samples for both groups are fabricated by stir casting using a novel encapsulation technique. The samples of both groups were created by following the ASTM E92 guidelines, and a Mitutoyo surface roughness tester (SJ-410) was used to measure the sample’s surface roughness. The G-power used for this process is 80%, α = 0.05 per set for calculating sample size and the total sample size is 40; each group contains 20 samples. The samples filled with reinforcement of (5% and 5%) fly ash and nano ZrO 2 exhibit a more excellent surface finish than samples of as-cast AA7178 without any reinforcement. Based on t-test statistical analysis, it is obtained that there is a significant p = 0.00 (p < 0.05) difference between group 1 and group 2 in the mean variance of surface roughness. Within the limitations of this study, it proves that the reinforcement of AA7178 with 5% fly ash and 5% nano ZrO 2 considerably decreases 29.90% of surface roughness compared to as-cast AA7178 alloy.","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-072
Hemachandran Bharath, L. Natrayan, Titus Richard
Experimental Investigation on Tensile Strength of AA4032 Reinforced
AA4032 增强材料拉伸强度的实验研究
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on Tensile Strength of AA4032 Reinforced Nano Si3N4 Composite Subjected to Novel Encapsulate Technique","authors":"Hemachandran Bharath, L. Natrayan, Titus Richard","doi":"10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/nwj.2023-s3-072","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental Investigation on Tensile Strength of AA4032 Reinforced","PeriodicalId":36802,"journal":{"name":"NanoWorld Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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