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Promoting culture and spirituality in an audiovisual society: Pope Saint John Paul II’s teachings on cinema 在视听社会中促进文化和精神:教皇圣若望·保禄二世关于电影的教义
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23753234.2021.1951121
A. Pardo
Abstract During his pontificate (1978‒2005), John Paul II always approached cinema in a positive way, different from the reluctance that, generally speaking and with nuances, the Catholic Church initially manifested towards it. Aware of the powerful influence the film medium has as agent of socialization and culturalization, John Paul II poses the ethical challenge of using film’s great potential to promote man and society. Analysing extensively Pope Wojtyła’s statements on cinema, this article identifies and systematically presents their main ethical ideas. John Paul II expresses a positive vision of the cinematographic medium. His teaching combines respect and admiration with critical analysis, trust with warnings, the defense of freedom with the call to social responsibility for film industry professionals as well as for viewers. The results of this first systematic research on John Paul II’s magisterium may open the way to future studies on the relationship between cinema and society, also on the links between the transcendentals of being (beauty, truth, goodness) and the artistic, socio-cultural and industrial approaches to cinema.
摘要在担任教皇期间(1978年-2005年),约翰·保罗二世总是以积极的方式对待电影,不同于天主教会最初对电影表现出的不情愿。他意识到电影媒介作为社会化和文化化的媒介所具有的强大影响力,约翰·保罗二世提出了利用电影的巨大潜力来促进人类和社会发展的伦理挑战。本文广泛分析了教皇沃伊蒂瓦关于电影的论述,并系统地阐述了其主要的伦理思想。约翰·保罗二世表达了对电影媒介的积极看法。他的教学将尊重和钦佩与批判性分析、信任与警告、捍卫自由与呼吁电影业专业人士和观众承担社会责任相结合。这项对约翰·保罗二世权威的首次系统研究的结果可能为未来研究电影与社会之间的关系,以及存在的超验性(美、真、善)与电影的艺术、社会文化和工业方法之间的联系开辟道路。
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引用次数: 0
A university crisis provoked by an online class: a communications case study on a social media turbulence 网络课程引发的大学危机:社交媒体动荡的传播案例研究
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23753234.2021.1967177
Yago de la Cierva, Samanta Rico Méndez, Paulina Guzik
Abstract In 2020, a Latin American university with a Catholic ethos suffered a crisis when the content of an online class on bioethics regarding homosexuality was posted on Twitter. This communications case study – in which names have been altered to protect confidentiality – describes the objective and subjective circumstances of the case, how the problem evolved, how different stakeholders reacted, and what the University did in order to cope with the crisis. It also narrates what the University did in the post-crisis period to prevent something similar from happening again. The study concludes with a brief analysis of the main takeaways that this case could offer to University authorities and, in general, to managers and communicators in Church-related institutions.
摘要2020年,一所信奉天主教的拉丁美洲大学在推特上发布了一堂关于同性恋的生物伦理在线课程的内容,这所大学遭遇了危机。这项通信案例研究——为了保护机密,对名称进行了更改——描述了案件的客观和主观情况、问题如何演变、不同利益相关者如何反应,以及大学为应对危机所做的工作。它还讲述了大学在后危机时期为防止类似事件再次发生所做的事情。该研究最后简要分析了这起案件可能给大学当局以及教会相关机构的管理人员和传播者带来的主要收获。
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引用次数: 0
Social Media and the Post-Truth World Order: The Global Dynamics of Disinformation 社交媒体与后真相世界秩序:虚假信息的全球动态
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23753234.2021.1945936
Francesco Petricone
To what extent can social media affect the knowledge of the truth and how much can it fabricate truth? That is the question that Gabriele Cosentino’s book ‘Social Media and The Post-Truth World – The Global Dynamics of Disinformation’ attempts to answer. It discusses the topic of post-truth from a global perspective. In the six chapters that comprise the text, including the final chapter, the author identifies and describes the post-truth world order (Chapter 1) to then examine in the following chapters examples that he considers emblematic of the global phenomenon of post-truth and of the global dynamics of disinformation. And so, throughout more than one hundred forty pages, Cosentino analyzes the Russian-directed operations in the United States (Chapter 2) to influence the 2016 presidential election. Chapter 3 discusses the so-called Pizzagate phenomenon and the Great Replacement theory in connection with conspiracy theories, and Chapter 4 analyzes the 2014 disinformation campaign that Syria and Russia launched against the search and rescue organization called the White Helmets. Finally, Chapter 5 discusses the current problem of violence against the Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar, fostered by Facebook’s controversial role in facilitating hate speech and disinformation in the country, as well as what happened in Brazil during the 2018 general election, by way of Bolsonaro.
社交媒体能在多大程度上影响人们对真相的认识,又能在多大程度上捏造真相?加布里埃尔·科森蒂诺(Gabriele Cosentino)的书《社交媒体和后真相世界——虚假信息的全球动态》(Social Media and the Post-Truth World - the Global Dynamics of Disinformation)试图回答这个问题。它从全球视角讨论了后真相的话题。在包含文本的六章中,包括最后一章,作者确定并描述了后真相世界秩序(第1章),然后在接下来的章节中检查他认为象征后真相全球现象和虚假信息全球动态的例子。因此,在140多页的篇幅里,科森蒂诺分析了俄罗斯在美国指导的行动(第二章),以影响2016年的总统选举。第3章讨论了所谓的披萨门现象和与阴谋论有关的大替代理论,第4章分析了2014年叙利亚和俄罗斯针对名为“白盔”的搜救组织发起的虚假信息运动。最后,第五章讨论了目前缅甸针对罗兴亚穆斯林的暴力问题,这是由于Facebook在促进该国仇恨言论和虚假信息方面的有争议作用,以及巴西在2018年大选期间通过博尔索纳罗发生的事情。
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引用次数: 39
Benedikt XVI. Ein Leben [Benedict XVI, A Life] Benedikt十六。本笃十六世的一生
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23753234.2021.1969255
Cezary Kościelniak
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引用次数: 0
Benedicto XVI. La biografía [Benedict XVI: The Biography] 本笃十六世。传记[本笃十六世:传记]
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23753234.2021.1942104
Isabel Troconis
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引用次数: 0
The Notes of Benedict XVI on abuse by Catholic Clergy: an analysis of English and French media coverage in the international press 本笃十六世关于天主教神职人员虐待问题的说明:对国际新闻界英法媒体报道的分析
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23753234.2021.1968769
Roustaveg Bibliothèque Gerome
Abstract The international press paid particular attention to Benedict XVI’s notes of 10 April 2019, on sexual abuse perpetrated by Catholic clergy. These notes are the personal thinking of the former Pope on the causes of the crisis and are entitled, ‘The Church and the scandal of sexual abuse’; their publication got the cover pages of the international press all over the world and drove criticism against the Pope Emeritus. Three news agencies, AFP, AP and Reuters, built up the narrative of the issue that was then reported by the international press, both secular and Catholic, which mostly uncritically assumed the biased reading of the issue presented. This research examines the media coverage of the issue in international English and French newspapers through a representative sample of 330 news items. The analysis focuses on the common places (topoi) and frames in the headlines/first paragraphs of news and editorial articles. Two hundred and thirty-eight of these news items (72% of those selected) did not even offer the link to the original notes. The case poses a question about the prejudices still hanging on in the mainstream newspapers about the figure of Ratzinger/Benedict XVI.
国际媒体特别关注本笃十六世2019年4月10日关于天主教神职人员性侵犯的说明。这些笔记是前教皇对危机原因的个人思考,标题为“教会和性侵丑闻”;他们的出版物登上了世界各地国际媒体的封面,并引发了对荣休教宗的批评。法新社(AFP)、美联社(AP)和路透社(Reuters)这三家新闻机构对这一问题进行了叙述,然后由国际媒体(包括世俗媒体和天主教媒体)报道,这些媒体大多不加批判地假设对这一问题的偏见解读。本研究通过330条新闻的代表性样本,考察了国际英语和法语报纸对这一问题的媒体报道。分析的重点是新闻和社论文章的标题/第一段中的常见位置(拓扑)和框架。这些新闻中有238条(占被选中新闻的72%)甚至没有提供原始笔记的链接。此案提出了一个问题,即主流报纸对拉辛格/本笃十六世的偏见仍然存在。
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引用次数: 0
Postsecular rhetoric of the Pope: a discourse analysis of Pope Francis’ TED Talks 教皇的后世俗修辞——教皇方济各TED演讲的话语分析
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23753234.2021.1964373
Jasbeer Musthafa Mamalipurath
Abstract Pope Francis has gained a title as ‘the Pope of Surprises’ for his unprecedented and unconventional papal narratives, personal viewpoints, and equally electrifying mediatised public appearances. One of these surprises was his videotaped appearance on TED. By adopting postsecularism as a conceptual framework, this study examines the dominant discursive features in Pope Francis’ TED Talks. Three main types of narrative features were found: emphasis on the postsecular solidarity between the religious and the secular, negotiating religious doctrinal engagement in public spheres, and finally, de-emphasising the papal magisterial authority. While the surface language of the Pope’s TED Talks operates in a postsecular inclusive discursive spirit, its ontological roots are nevertheless cemented in a Catholic epistemology and a faith-motivated claim for moral theology. The similarities between Christian sermons and TED’s communicative norms and practices make the Pope’s new rhetoric possible without excessive attenuation of the Catholic vocabulary.
摘要教皇方济各因其前所未有的非传统教皇叙事、个人观点和同样激动人心的公开露面而获得了“惊喜教皇”的称号。其中一个惊喜是他在TED上的视频露面。本研究采用后话语主义作为一个概念框架,考察了教皇方济各TED演讲中占主导地位的话语特征。发现了三种主要类型的叙事特征:强调宗教和世俗之间的后教会团结,谈判宗教在公共领域的教义参与,最后,不强调教皇的权威。虽然教皇TED演讲的表面语言是以一种后基督教的包容性话语精神运作的,但其本体论根源仍然植根于天主教的认识论和以信仰为动机的道德神学主张。基督教布道与TED的交流规范和实践之间的相似之处使教皇的新修辞成为可能,而不会过度削弱天主教的词汇。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the intersectionality of culture, sacrificial offering, and exploitative prosperity gospel rhetoric in Africa 探索非洲文化,祭祀和剥削繁荣福音修辞的交叉性
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23753234.2021.1957962
Judith I. Udechukwu
Abstract Research has well documented the evidence of the growth of prosperity gospel churches across the globe, but there is a dearth of studies that investigate the interface between culture and exploitative rhetoric among African prosperity gospel ministers. Examining the concept of making sacrificial offerings in the traditional African context, I theorize that culture has significant influence on the exploitative power of prosperity gospel ministers by the following considerations: the African tradition of consulting oracles for solution to spiritual and physical problems, the cultural practice of making sacrificial offerings to the gods in exchange for favor, and the poor socio-economic condition of many prosperity gospel adherents in Africa. This study highlights the use of the rhetoric of spiritual engagement and liberation for audience manipulation, examines the idea of the pure gift, proposes some ethical questions that should govern the prosperity movement, and underscores the need for scholarly engagement.
研究充分记录了全球成功福音教会增长的证据,但缺乏研究调查非洲成功福音牧师之间文化和剥削言论之间的界面。考察传统非洲背景下献祭的概念,我的理论是,文化对成功福音牧师的剥削能力有重大影响,原因如下:非洲传统上咨询神谕以解决精神和身体问题,向神献祭以换取恩惠的文化习俗,以及非洲许多成功福音信徒贫穷的社会经济状况。本研究强调使用精神参与和解放的修辞来操纵观众,考察了纯粹礼物的概念,提出了一些应该指导繁荣运动的伦理问题,并强调了学术参与的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Absolving the American guilt: forgiveness and purification in Clint Eastwood’s cinema 赦免美国人的罪恶:克林特·伊斯特伍德电影中的宽恕与净化
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23753234.2021.1960874
Antonio Sánchez-Escalonilla
Abstract The guilt-ridden character archetype is a recurring premise in Clint Eastwood’s cinema, recognizable in the inner conflicts of the protagonists of iconic titles, such as Unforgiven (1992), Mystic River (2003), Million Dollar Baby (2004) and Gran Torino (2008). According to Scott, Unforgiven marks the beginning of the filmmaker's authorship stage, where scenarios of diverse genres, such as road movie, war cinema or gangster plots introduce protagonists who coincide in their need for purification. This paper aims to explore the construction of characters carried out in the four titles aforementioned, by means of a script analysis methodology based on the dynamics of conflicts and on the classic concepts of hybris, hamartia and catharsis. This analysis points to a double purpose. On the one hand, it highlights the purification sought by the protagonists of Clint Eastwood and its relationship with the Christian moral context in which the characters arise, as Roche & Hösle notice. On the other hand the analysis points out the social extension of the concept of catharsis addressed by the filmmaker, especially critical when exposing the fragility of the American Dream and its modern traumas.
内疚的角色原型是克林特·伊斯特伍德电影中反复出现的一个前提,在诸如《不可饶恕》(1992)、《神秘河》(2003)、《百万美元宝贝》(2004)和《老年车》(2008)等标志性影片中主角的内心冲突中可以看到。根据斯科特的说法,《不可饶恕》标志着电影人创作阶段的开始,在这个阶段,各种类型的场景,如公路电影、战争电影或黑帮情节,都引入了需要净化的主人公。本文以冲突的动态性为基础,运用经典的“杂交”、“突变”、“宣泄”等概念,运用剧本分析方法,探讨上述四部作品的人物建构。这种分析指出了双重目的。一方面,它强调了克林特·伊斯特伍德(Clint Eastwood)的主角所追求的净化,以及它与角色产生的基督教道德背景的关系,正如Roche & Hösle所注意到的那样。另一方面,分析指出了电影制作人所处理的宣泄概念的社会延伸,特别是在暴露美国梦的脆弱性及其现代创伤时。
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引用次数: 2
Christianity on display: a semiotic study of two museums of world religions (Glasgow, Taipei) 展出的基督教:对两个世界宗教博物馆的符号学研究(格拉斯哥,台北)
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23753234.2021.1949364
Min-Hsiu Liao
Abstract This article regards museums of world religions as intersemiotic sites where the knowledge of individual religions as well as religion as a broad concept is socially constructed. It examines the role of verbal interpretations in co-constructing knowledge of religion with other visual and spatial semiotics. The case study is based on a comparison of the text panels and the display cases on Christianity in two museums: St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art (SMM) in Glasgow, and Museum of World Religions (MWR) in Taipei. The methodology combines the micro-level analysis of theme-rheme pattern in information progression, logical-semantic relations in verbal-visual interaction, and a pragmatic account of the two epistemic communities in which the museums are situated. The results suggest that through the interaction between the text panels, labels, and individual objects, each museum has construed its own material definition of religion. Specifically, Christianity is construed as a phenomenon perceived by Christians in SMM, whereas in MWR, the knowledge of Christianity develops from the holy scriptures.
摘要本文将世界宗教博物馆视为跨文化的场所,在这里,社会构建了对个别宗教以及宗教这一广义概念的认识。它考察了言语解释在与其他视觉和空间符号学共同构建宗教知识中的作用。案例研究基于两个博物馆的基督教文本面板和展示案例的比较:格拉斯哥的圣芒戈宗教生活与艺术博物馆(SMM)和台北的世界宗教博物馆(MWR)。该方法结合了信息进展中主位-修辞模式的微观层面分析、言语视觉互动中的逻辑语义关系,以及对博物馆所在的两个认识共同体的语用描述。研究结果表明,通过文本面板、标签和单个物品之间的互动,每个博物馆都解释了自己对宗教的物质定义。具体而言,基督教被解释为SMM中基督徒所感知的一种现象,而在MWR中,基督教的知识是从圣经中发展而来的。
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引用次数: 0
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Church, Communication and Culture
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