Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2021.1921610
A. Shehata, Dennis Andersson, Isabella Glogger, D. Hopmann, Kim Andersen, S. Kruikemeier, Johannes Johansson
ABSTRACT This article critically examines long-term media effects in communication research. Focusing on news exposure, the purpose is to provide a review and theoretical conceptualization of long-term effects on societal beliefs. The first part presents an empirical overview of research published in leading communication journals. While longitudinal studies are not uncommon, few have an explicit and elaborated focus on long-term influences. To advance future research, the second part builds on cognitive schema theory to develop three distinct ways of conceptualizing long-term effects: in terms of (a) effect duration, (b) effect mechanisms and (c) effect dynamics. Finally, the third part condenses a comprehensive literature review into a multilevel framework model of factors contributing to long-term media effects on societal beliefs.
{"title":"Conceptualizing long-term media effects on societal beliefs","authors":"A. Shehata, Dennis Andersson, Isabella Glogger, D. Hopmann, Kim Andersen, S. Kruikemeier, Johannes Johansson","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2021.1921610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1921610","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article critically examines long-term media effects in communication research. Focusing on news exposure, the purpose is to provide a review and theoretical conceptualization of long-term effects on societal beliefs. The first part presents an empirical overview of research published in leading communication journals. While longitudinal studies are not uncommon, few have an explicit and elaborated focus on long-term influences. To advance future research, the second part builds on cognitive schema theory to develop three distinct ways of conceptualizing long-term effects: in terms of (a) effect duration, (b) effect mechanisms and (c) effect dynamics. Finally, the third part condenses a comprehensive literature review into a multilevel framework model of factors contributing to long-term media effects on societal beliefs.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"120 1","pages":"75 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85641026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01Epub Date: 2021-07-30DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2021.1960180
X Wang, J D Dworkin, D Zhou, J Stiso, E B Falk, D S Bassett, P Zurn, D M Lydon-Staley
In disciplines outside of communication, papers with women as first and last (i.e., senior) authors attract fewer citations than papers with men in those positions. Using data from 14 communication journals from 1995 to 2018, we find that reference lists include more papers with men as first and last author, and fewer papers with women as first and last author, than would be expected if gender were unrelated to referencing. This imbalance is driven largely by the citation practices of men and is slowly decreasing over time. The structure of men's co-authorship networks partly accounts for the observed over-citation of men by other men. We discuss ways researchers might approach gendered citations in their work.
{"title":"Gendered Citation Practices in the Field of Communication.","authors":"X Wang, J D Dworkin, D Zhou, J Stiso, E B Falk, D S Bassett, P Zurn, D M Lydon-Staley","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2021.1960180","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23808985.2021.1960180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In disciplines outside of communication, papers with women as first and last (i.e., senior) authors attract fewer citations than papers with men in those positions. Using data from 14 communication journals from 1995 to 2018, we find that reference lists include more papers with men as first and last author, and fewer papers with women as first and last author, than would be expected if gender were unrelated to referencing. This imbalance is driven largely by the citation practices of men and is slowly decreasing over time. The structure of men's co-authorship networks partly accounts for the observed over-citation of men by other men. We discuss ways researchers might approach gendered citations in their work.</p>","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"45 2","pages":"134-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8443000/pdf/nihms-1729207.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39431333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2020.1843365
Timothy R. Worley, J. Dillard, Jennifer A. Samp
ABSTRACT A longstanding tradition in communication research is that people have goals for communicative encounters. Communication research has evolved to better acknowledge that goals are malleable and can change during interactions. Drawing upon the history of communication goals theorizing and research, we elaborate three properties emerging from the juxtaposition of goals and time. We then explore theoretical accounts of goal change and options for data acquisition. We end with speculation on how goal dynamics might stimulate new questions about interpersonal communication and, perhaps, move the field into a new phase of inquiry.
{"title":"Dynamic goal processes: an agenda for interpersonal communication research","authors":"Timothy R. Worley, J. Dillard, Jennifer A. Samp","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2020.1843365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1843365","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A longstanding tradition in communication research is that people have goals for communicative encounters. Communication research has evolved to better acknowledge that goals are malleable and can change during interactions. Drawing upon the history of communication goals theorizing and research, we elaborate three properties emerging from the juxtaposition of goals and time. We then explore theoretical accounts of goal change and options for data acquisition. We end with speculation on how goal dynamics might stimulate new questions about interpersonal communication and, perhaps, move the field into a new phase of inquiry.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"32 1","pages":"350 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78051188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2020.1839939
Richard Huskey, Shelby Wilcox, Russell B. Clayton, J. Keene
ABSTRACT The Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing (LC4MP) aims to understand message processing dynamics. Despite 20 years of research, no meta-analysis has assessed LC4MP effects. We conducted a meta-analysis of the model to examine three theoretical research domains in the LC4MP: cognitive load, motivation, and memory. Results from 142 articles and 683 effects demonstrate that pooled effect sizes for research domain range from r = .314–.398. Effect sizes vary by measurement modality with self-report resulting in the largest pooled effect size, followed by behavioral, and finally psychophysiological measures. We did not detect evidence of publication bias. These findings offer meta-analytic support for LC4MP research domains and are discussed in terms of falsifiability, predictive and explanatory power.
{"title":"The limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing: meta-analytically summarizing two decades of research","authors":"Richard Huskey, Shelby Wilcox, Russell B. Clayton, J. Keene","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2020.1839939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1839939","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing (LC4MP) aims to understand message processing dynamics. Despite 20 years of research, no meta-analysis has assessed LC4MP effects. We conducted a meta-analysis of the model to examine three theoretical research domains in the LC4MP: cognitive load, motivation, and memory. Results from 142 articles and 683 effects demonstrate that pooled effect sizes for research domain range from r = .314–.398. Effect sizes vary by measurement modality with self-report resulting in the largest pooled effect size, followed by behavioral, and finally psychophysiological measures. We did not detect evidence of publication bias. These findings offer meta-analytic support for LC4MP research domains and are discussed in terms of falsifiability, predictive and explanatory power.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"77 1","pages":"322 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80019490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2020.1843367
C. Scott, Stephen A. Rains
ABSTRACT Anonymity has sparked the interests of scholars studying a broad and diverse range of communication phenomena. The collective body of research that has accumulated, however, remains fragmented and largely disconnected. We synthesize existing attempts to theorize anonymity, focusing on how it has been conceptualized within the field of communication. We consider the perspectives, dimensions, and tensions that mark conceptualizations of anonymous communication in empirical research. We then evaluate how different conceptual approaches to anonymous communication have enabled and constrained existing scholarship using research on anonymity in the subfields of journalism, health communication, and organizational communication as exemplars. We conclude by sketching paths forward for researchers studying anonymous communication.
{"title":"(Dis)connections in anonymous communication theory: exploring conceptualizations of anonymity in communication research","authors":"C. Scott, Stephen A. Rains","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2020.1843367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1843367","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anonymity has sparked the interests of scholars studying a broad and diverse range of communication phenomena. The collective body of research that has accumulated, however, remains fragmented and largely disconnected. We synthesize existing attempts to theorize anonymity, focusing on how it has been conceptualized within the field of communication. We consider the perspectives, dimensions, and tensions that mark conceptualizations of anonymous communication in empirical research. We then evaluate how different conceptual approaches to anonymous communication have enabled and constrained existing scholarship using research on anonymity in the subfields of journalism, health communication, and organizational communication as exemplars. We conclude by sketching paths forward for researchers studying anonymous communication.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"7 1","pages":"385 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76053967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2020.1843366
Shelby Wilcox, Elizabeth Dorrance Hall, Amanda J. Holmstrom, Ralf Schmälzle
ABSTRACT Humans are inherently social, driven to communicate and build relationships with one another. The question of how messages between people create shared understanding lies at the core of interpersonal communication. Relatedly, neuroscience scholars are beginning to investigate how dyads, i.e. two socially interacting brains, produce this shared understanding. Here, we argue that interpersonal communication has much to contribute to this rapidly growing area within neuroscience, while also benefiting from adopting neuroscientific approaches. We illustrate what such research looks like using reactance as a case example. While we are optimistic that neuroscientific research into interpersonal communication processes will grow and yield new insights into communication processes, we will also discuss challenges and potential misunderstandings that researchers may encounter.
{"title":"The emerging frontier of interpersonal communication and neuroscience: scanning the social synapse","authors":"Shelby Wilcox, Elizabeth Dorrance Hall, Amanda J. Holmstrom, Ralf Schmälzle","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2020.1843366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1843366","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Humans are inherently social, driven to communicate and build relationships with one another. The question of how messages between people create shared understanding lies at the core of interpersonal communication. Relatedly, neuroscience scholars are beginning to investigate how dyads, i.e. two socially interacting brains, produce this shared understanding. Here, we argue that interpersonal communication has much to contribute to this rapidly growing area within neuroscience, while also benefiting from adopting neuroscientific approaches. We illustrate what such research looks like using reactance as a case example. While we are optimistic that neuroscientific research into interpersonal communication processes will grow and yield new insights into communication processes, we will also discuss challenges and potential misunderstandings that researchers may encounter.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"50 1","pages":"368 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73565423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2020.1846135
Alan K. Goodboy, Matthew M. Martin
ABSTRACT Cronbach’s alpha (coefficient α) is the conventional statistic communication scholars use to estimate the reliability of multi-item measurement instruments. For many, if not most communication measures, α should not be calculated for reliability estimation. Instead, coefficient omega (ω) should be reported as it aligns with the definition of reliability itself. In this primer, we review α and ω, and explain why ω should be the new ‘gold standard’ in reliability estimation. Using Mplus, we demonstrate how ω is calculated on an available data set and show how preliminary scales can be revised with ‘ω if item deleted.’ We also list several easy-to-use resources to calculate ω in other software programs. Communication researchers should routinely report ω instead of α.
{"title":"Omega over alpha for reliability estimation of unidimensional communication measures","authors":"Alan K. Goodboy, Matthew M. Martin","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2020.1846135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1846135","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cronbach’s alpha (coefficient α) is the conventional statistic communication scholars use to estimate the reliability of multi-item measurement instruments. For many, if not most communication measures, α should not be calculated for reliability estimation. Instead, coefficient omega (ω) should be reported as it aligns with the definition of reliability itself. In this primer, we review α and ω, and explain why ω should be the new ‘gold standard’ in reliability estimation. Using Mplus, we demonstrate how ω is calculated on an available data set and show how preliminary scales can be revised with ‘ω if item deleted.’ We also list several easy-to-use resources to calculate ω in other software programs. Communication researchers should routinely report ω instead of α.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"132 1","pages":"422 - 439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79643013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2020.1843368
E. Hintz
ABSTRACT Chronic pain is a significant and costly public health issue which is affected by political, organizational, and interpersonal social processes. Although medical pain scholarship has long examined communication constructs and processes, communication research and theory have remained largely absent. Scholars of communication must lend their research to this important issue to understand the role of communication in constituting and shaping the social and behavioral forces identified as priorities for advancing pain research. To facilitate this aim, I offer an agenda which lays theoretical groundwork in eight areas for scholars across the discipline to begin examining pain communication. These approaches hold promise for contributing fruitfully to both understandings of communication and the social experience of pain more broadly.
{"title":"Pain communication: An agenda for communication researchers","authors":"E. Hintz","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2020.1843368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1843368","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chronic pain is a significant and costly public health issue which is affected by political, organizational, and interpersonal social processes. Although medical pain scholarship has long examined communication constructs and processes, communication research and theory have remained largely absent. Scholars of communication must lend their research to this important issue to understand the role of communication in constituting and shaping the social and behavioral forces identified as priorities for advancing pain research. To facilitate this aim, I offer an agenda which lays theoretical groundwork in eight areas for scholars across the discipline to begin examining pain communication. These approaches hold promise for contributing fruitfully to both understandings of communication and the social experience of pain more broadly.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"71 1","pages":"401 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90920955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-04DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2020.1804434
Sabine Trepte, Laura Loths
ABSTRACT Researchers’ national and gender diversity are some of the most important goals of our discipline in order to ensure the representation of diverse perspectives. We conducted a content analysis of the national and gender diversity of authors and editorial board members of six communication journals between 2006 and 2016. National diversity is low in journals and boards: 80% of the 18,175 authors are affiliated with 12 of the 91 nations. Gender distribution is balanced among US authors, but not among authors from other continents. Boards have significantly more male than female members. We will discuss the need to develop benchmarks, how to weigh research quality and diversity, and suggest measures to achieve diversity in academic associations, universities and research institutions.
{"title":"National and gender diversity in communication: A content analysis of six journals between 2006 and 2016","authors":"Sabine Trepte, Laura Loths","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2020.1804434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1804434","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Researchers’ national and gender diversity are some of the most important goals of our discipline in order to ensure the representation of diverse perspectives. We conducted a content analysis of the national and gender diversity of authors and editorial board members of six communication journals between 2006 and 2016. National diversity is low in journals and boards: 80% of the 18,175 authors are affiliated with 12 of the 91 nations. Gender distribution is balanced among US authors, but not among authors from other continents. Boards have significantly more male than female members. We will discuss the need to develop benchmarks, how to weigh research quality and diversity, and suggest measures to achieve diversity in academic associations, universities and research institutions.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"21 1","pages":"289 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91353152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2020.1815232
Jennifer Hoewe
ABSTRACT This manuscript puts forth a theory of media priming, where media priming occurs when information from media content is utilized outside the media consumer’s awareness. The media consumer is influenced by a specific aspect of that media content (i.e. a prime), but they are unable to mentally trace the source of said influence. Media priming operates entirely within System 1 processing (fast, automatic, and with little effort) and should only include effects of a prime that are beyond the conscious awareness of the media consumer. Potentially operating through System 2 processing (slow, controlled, and with greater effort), ‘political priming’ may constitute a different phenomenon that examines the impact of information processed and applied within the media consumer’s awareness.
{"title":"Toward a theory of media priming","authors":"Jennifer Hoewe","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2020.1815232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1815232","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This manuscript puts forth a theory of media priming, where media priming occurs when information from media content is utilized outside the media consumer’s awareness. The media consumer is influenced by a specific aspect of that media content (i.e. a prime), but they are unable to mentally trace the source of said influence. Media priming operates entirely within System 1 processing (fast, automatic, and with little effort) and should only include effects of a prime that are beyond the conscious awareness of the media consumer. Potentially operating through System 2 processing (slow, controlled, and with greater effort), ‘political priming’ may constitute a different phenomenon that examines the impact of information processed and applied within the media consumer’s awareness.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"357 1","pages":"312 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77749032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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