Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2021.1979421
Jacob A. Long
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the assessment of quality of quantitative communication research in light of the so-called ‘replicability crisis’ that has affected neighboring disciplines. For social scientific research, it is useful to think of research results as estimates which include error. I propose a framework suited to a variable field like communication, factoring in all sources of error, for assessing the quality of research. In communication research, greater consideration of generalizability is essential, which is at once both a higher standard than replicability but also a goal that should increase it. Furthermore, more explicit discussion of generalizability may help to further internationalize the discipline by clarifying the limitations of the large portion of research conducted within a narrow subset of world cultures.
{"title":"Improving the replicability and generalizability of inferences in quantitative communication research","authors":"Jacob A. Long","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2021.1979421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1979421","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper discusses the assessment of quality of quantitative communication research in light of the so-called ‘replicability crisis’ that has affected neighboring disciplines. For social scientific research, it is useful to think of research results as estimates which include error. I propose a framework suited to a variable field like communication, factoring in all sources of error, for assessing the quality of research. In communication research, greater consideration of generalizability is essential, which is at once both a higher standard than replicability but also a goal that should increase it. Furthermore, more explicit discussion of generalizability may help to further internationalize the discipline by clarifying the limitations of the large portion of research conducted within a narrow subset of world cultures.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"22 1","pages":"207 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89692302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070
Emily Kubin, Christian von Sikorski
ABSTRACT Rising political polarization is, in part, attributed to the fragmentation of news media and the spread of misinformation on social media. Previous reviews have yet to assess the full breadth of research on media and polarization. We systematically examine 94 articles (121 studies) that assess the role of (social) media in shaping political polarization. Using quantitative and qualitative approaches, we find an increase in research over the past 10 years and consistently find that pro-attitudinal media exacerbates polarization. We find a hyperfocus on analyses of Twitter and American samples and a lack of research exploring ways (social) media can depolarize. Additionally, we find ideological and affective polarization are not clearly defined, nor consistently measured. Recommendations for future research are provided.
{"title":"The role of (social) media in political polarization: a systematic review","authors":"Emily Kubin, Christian von Sikorski","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rising political polarization is, in part, attributed to the fragmentation of news media and the spread of misinformation on social media. Previous reviews have yet to assess the full breadth of research on media and polarization. We systematically examine 94 articles (121 studies) that assess the role of (social) media in shaping political polarization. Using quantitative and qualitative approaches, we find an increase in research over the past 10 years and consistently find that pro-attitudinal media exacerbates polarization. We find a hyperfocus on analyses of Twitter and American samples and a lack of research exploring ways (social) media can depolarize. Additionally, we find ideological and affective polarization are not clearly defined, nor consistently measured. Recommendations for future research are provided.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"15 1","pages":"188 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83064020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2021.1976069
Kimberly Kuiper
ABSTRACT This paper extends the communication theory of identity (CTI) through the revision of two of its assumptions and by introducing a fifth frame of identity: the material frame. The theory’s first assumption presents that ‘Identities have individual, enacted, relational, and communal properties’ [Hecht et al., 2003, p. 235]. These properties are considered locations or frames in which one can examine identity. The fourth assumption states that identities are ‘affective, cognitive, behavioral, and spiritual’ (Hecht et al., 2003, p. 235). CTI does not currently include physicality as an aspect of identity, nor does it offer a distinction between the materiality of identity and the other frames. This fifth frame consists of dimensions including these key components: the body, health, and territory.
本文通过对通信同一性理论(CTI)的两个假设的修正，并引入了第五种同一性框架:物质框架，对其进行了扩展。该理论的第一个假设提出了“身份具有个体、制定、关系和公共属性”[Hecht et al.， 2003, p. 235]。这些属性被认为是可以检查身份的位置或框架。第四个假设认为身份是“情感的、认知的、行为的和精神的”(Hecht et al.， 2003, p. 235)。CTI目前没有将实体性作为身份的一个方面，也没有提供身份的物质性和其他框架之间的区别。这第五个框架由维度组成，包括这些关键组成部分:身体、健康和领土。
{"title":"Communication theory of identity: a fifth frame","authors":"Kimberly Kuiper","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2021.1976069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1976069","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper extends the communication theory of identity (CTI) through the revision of two of its assumptions and by introducing a fifth frame of identity: the material frame. The theory’s first assumption presents that ‘Identities have individual, enacted, relational, and communal properties’ [Hecht et al., 2003, p. 235]. These properties are considered locations or frames in which one can examine identity. The fourth assumption states that identities are ‘affective, cognitive, behavioral, and spiritual’ (Hecht et al., 2003, p. 235). CTI does not currently include physicality as an aspect of identity, nor does it offer a distinction between the materiality of identity and the other frames. This fifth frame consists of dimensions including these key components: the body, health, and territory.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"46 1","pages":"175 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85021883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2021.1945480
P. Gettings, Skye Chernichky-Karcher, Nicholas T. Iannarino
ABSTRACT Normative rhetorical theory (NRT, also called normative theory of social support; Goldsmith, [(2004). Communicating social support. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511606984]) has aided scholars in exploring when and why some interpersonal conversations are evaluated as more successful than others. Despite proliferation in its use, there has not yet been a review of this body of work until now. This manuscript reports on a qualitative evidence synthesis of 29 empirical articles that utilized NRT as a primary framework. Findings describe the nature of this scholarship including the features of NRT studies, commonalities in how theoretical components have been applied, and patterns across categories of dilemmas and strategies. Results help to hone NRT as a heuristic framework and provide a foundation for theorizing.
{"title":"A qualitative evidence synthesis of normative rhetorical theory scholarship","authors":"P. Gettings, Skye Chernichky-Karcher, Nicholas T. Iannarino","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2021.1945480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1945480","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Normative rhetorical theory (NRT, also called normative theory of social support; Goldsmith, [(2004). Communicating social support. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511606984]) has aided scholars in exploring when and why some interpersonal conversations are evaluated as more successful than others. Despite proliferation in its use, there has not yet been a review of this body of work until now. This manuscript reports on a qualitative evidence synthesis of 29 empirical articles that utilized NRT as a primary framework. Findings describe the nature of this scholarship including the features of NRT studies, commonalities in how theoretical components have been applied, and patterns across categories of dilemmas and strategies. Results help to hone NRT as a heuristic framework and provide a foundation for theorizing.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"93 1","pages":"113 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90395100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2021.1960181
N. Fawzi, Nina Steindl, Magdalena Obermaier, Fabian Prochazka, D. Arlt, Bernd Blöbaum, Marco Dohle, Katherine M. Engelke, Thomas Hanitzsch, N. Jackob, Ilka Jakobs, Tilman Klawier, Senja Post, C. Reinemann, W. Schweiger, Marc Ziegele
ABSTRACT Research on trust in media is on the rise. However, communication scholars have addressed related concepts (e.g. media credibility) for decades, and these concepts have often been used interchangeably with that of trust. This practice has resulted in a confusing field of research, with studies using different labels and drawing on various theoretical backgrounds. This article aims to improve conceptual clarity. On the basis of a literature review, we first propose a broad conceptualization of trust in news media and disentangle it from related concepts. Second, we develop a framework that identifies individual- and societal-level causes and consequences of trust in various media objects. Third, we review the current state of research on social, political, and media-related correlates of trust.
{"title":"Concepts, causes and consequences of trust in news media – a literature review and framework","authors":"N. Fawzi, Nina Steindl, Magdalena Obermaier, Fabian Prochazka, D. Arlt, Bernd Blöbaum, Marco Dohle, Katherine M. Engelke, Thomas Hanitzsch, N. Jackob, Ilka Jakobs, Tilman Klawier, Senja Post, C. Reinemann, W. Schweiger, Marc Ziegele","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2021.1960181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1960181","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research on trust in media is on the rise. However, communication scholars have addressed related concepts (e.g. media credibility) for decades, and these concepts have often been used interchangeably with that of trust. This practice has resulted in a confusing field of research, with studies using different labels and drawing on various theoretical backgrounds. This article aims to improve conceptual clarity. On the basis of a literature review, we first propose a broad conceptualization of trust in news media and disentangle it from related concepts. Second, we develop a framework that identifies individual- and societal-level causes and consequences of trust in various media objects. Third, we review the current state of research on social, political, and media-related correlates of trust.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"10 1","pages":"154 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75969282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2021.1945479
Francisco Paulo Jamil Marques, E. Miola
ABSTRACT The article reviews the main concepts and dilemmas illustrating the debate on the connections between media and politics. Considering that experiences in Political Communication are manifested in unique ways in different democracies and scientific cultures, we also examine how historical, social, and political aspects are intertwined with the development of the field in Brazil – reinforcing the need for de-westernizing media studies. Although we do not expect to exhaust state of the art, we hold that this is a helpful discussion since it outlines the agendas and trends of a specialty that has become more complex, tackling the question of to what extent widely accepted concepts are able to explain the roles of the media in Global South societies.
{"title":"Key concepts, dilemmas, and trends in political communication: a literature review considering the Brazilian landscape","authors":"Francisco Paulo Jamil Marques, E. Miola","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2021.1945479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1945479","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article reviews the main concepts and dilemmas illustrating the debate on the connections between media and politics. Considering that experiences in Political Communication are manifested in unique ways in different democracies and scientific cultures, we also examine how historical, social, and political aspects are intertwined with the development of the field in Brazil – reinforcing the need for de-westernizing media studies. Although we do not expect to exhaust state of the art, we hold that this is a helpful discussion since it outlines the agendas and trends of a specialty that has become more complex, tackling the question of to what extent widely accepted concepts are able to explain the roles of the media in Global South societies.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"59 1","pages":"95 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81459909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2021.1910062
Clara Juarez Miro
ABSTRACT This article suggests considering a social facet of populism, focusing on the supporters, to grasp how they use media to engage with the populist message and their understanding of it. The article proposes that a fan studies approach can be useful to examine how populist supporters’ identification with the imagined community of pure people can help them address specific social-psychological needs. A study applying this approach to the Spanish populist far-right provides evidence that a fan studies framework can help understand populist supporters’ community-building processes and benefits. Then, the article explains the implications for research on populism using this approach, offering a guide for future research. This work is relevant to multiple areas including political communication and cultural studies.
{"title":"Who are the people? Using fandom research to study populist supporters","authors":"Clara Juarez Miro","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2021.1910062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1910062","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article suggests considering a social facet of populism, focusing on the supporters, to grasp how they use media to engage with the populist message and their understanding of it. The article proposes that a fan studies approach can be useful to examine how populist supporters’ identification with the imagined community of pure people can help them address specific social-psychological needs. A study applying this approach to the Spanish populist far-right provides evidence that a fan studies framework can help understand populist supporters’ community-building processes and benefits. Then, the article explains the implications for research on populism using this approach, offering a guide for future research. This work is relevant to multiple areas including political communication and cultural studies.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"45 1","pages":"59 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81482061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2021.1880958
B. McEwan
ABSTRACT Walther’s social information processing theory (SIPT) and hyperpersonal model provided key theoretical foundations guiding interpersonal computer-mediated communication and modality switching research. However, both the affordances and norms for use of mediated channels have changed considerably. This essay provides an in-depth reexamination of modality switching research including how the primary predictive variables (time, reduced communication cues, asynchronicity, and rate of exchange) may still predict modality effects in interpersonal communication. Then secondary predictive variables (cognitive resource allocation, selective self-presentation, external interference, the experience of commonality, violation import, magnitude and valence of idealized perceptions, and anticipation of future interactions) are identified. Finally, given the greater likelihood of experiencing modality weaving than modality switching, a framework for guiding future modality weaving research is offered.
{"title":"Modality switching to modality weaving: updating theoretical perspectives for expanding media affordances","authors":"B. McEwan","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2021.1880958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1880958","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Walther’s social information processing theory (SIPT) and hyperpersonal model provided key theoretical foundations guiding interpersonal computer-mediated communication and modality switching research. However, both the affordances and norms for use of mediated channels have changed considerably. This essay provides an in-depth reexamination of modality switching research including how the primary predictive variables (time, reduced communication cues, asynchronicity, and rate of exchange) may still predict modality effects in interpersonal communication. Then secondary predictive variables (cognitive resource allocation, selective self-presentation, external interference, the experience of commonality, violation import, magnitude and valence of idealized perceptions, and anticipation of future interactions) are identified. Finally, given the greater likelihood of experiencing modality weaving than modality switching, a framework for guiding future modality weaving research is offered.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"24 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83457807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2021.1908837
David Schieferdecker
ABSTRACT When media users are exposed to the suffering of distant others, they are often deeply moved and feel the urge to help. Yet, they tend to stay passive. Communication scholars have not produced a sufficient and succinct understanding of this gap between media-induced awareness and behavioral non-response. Our knowledge is dispersed across (a) interpretative audience reception studies on mediated distant suffering and (b) post-positivist media effects research on persuasion processes and attitude-action-gaps. By synthesizing work from both traditions, I develop an integrated model and provide an explanation for passivity despite media-induced awareness. I demonstrate how cross-fertilization between these two bodies of literature can instigate theory development within both fields. Finally, my model can catalyze future interdisciplinary research on the subject.
{"title":"Passivity in the face of distant others’ suffering: an integrated model to explain behavioral (non-)response","authors":"David Schieferdecker","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2021.1908837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1908837","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When media users are exposed to the suffering of distant others, they are often deeply moved and feel the urge to help. Yet, they tend to stay passive. Communication scholars have not produced a sufficient and succinct understanding of this gap between media-induced awareness and behavioral non-response. Our knowledge is dispersed across (a) interpretative audience reception studies on mediated distant suffering and (b) post-positivist media effects research on persuasion processes and attitude-action-gaps. By synthesizing work from both traditions, I develop an integrated model and provide an explanation for passivity despite media-induced awareness. I demonstrate how cross-fertilization between these two bodies of literature can instigate theory development within both fields. Finally, my model can catalyze future interdisciplinary research on the subject.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"40 1","pages":"20 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91248256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2021.1910061
Kyra Hunting
ABSTRACT This paper introduces a methodological approach building on advances in mixed-methods communication research to facilitate the integration of quantitative data into qualitative textual analysis. This method allows scholars working in a critical cultural media studies paradigm to incorporate quantitative data into their research to better understand media in an increasingly complicated media eco-system. This paper argues that despite calls for mixed-methods research, there are long-standing ideological and methodological tensions within the fields of Communications and Media Studies that create logistical and conceptual limitations to integrating quantitative methods in a critical cultural media studies context. This paper establishes the need for this intervention, the historical methodological contexts from which it emerges, and walks through how the approach works by looking at two possible studies using the approach in different ways.
{"title":"Critical content analysis: a methodological proposal for the incorporation of numerical data into critical/cultural media studies","authors":"Kyra Hunting","doi":"10.1080/23808985.2021.1910061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1910061","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper introduces a methodological approach building on advances in mixed-methods communication research to facilitate the integration of quantitative data into qualitative textual analysis. This method allows scholars working in a critical cultural media studies paradigm to incorporate quantitative data into their research to better understand media in an increasingly complicated media eco-system. This paper argues that despite calls for mixed-methods research, there are long-standing ideological and methodological tensions within the fields of Communications and Media Studies that create logistical and conceptual limitations to integrating quantitative methods in a critical cultural media studies context. This paper establishes the need for this intervention, the historical methodological contexts from which it emerges, and walks through how the approach works by looking at two possible studies using the approach in different ways.","PeriodicalId":36859,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the International Communication Association","volume":"15 1","pages":"39 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84588221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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