Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.55493/5005.v12i4.4649
Yuichiro Amekawa, C. Tiyayon, P. Treewannakul, Nootchakarn Sawarng
This study investigated the effectiveness of Thailand’s public good agricultural practices certification initiative (Q-GAP) in improving export-oriented mango farmers’ awareness and practices relating to food safety and quality assurance. Two groups of certified farmers in Northern Thailand (one from Chiang Mai Province and the other from Phitsanulok Province), comprising a total of 96 samples, were surveyed for comparative analysis. Many items of the comparison showed no significant differences between the two groups of farmers (specifically, the use of synthetic pesticides and non-synthetic pest control methods, record-keeping, and agrochemical safety and handling practices). One significant difference worth mentioning was related to the farmers’ ability to link the goal of the Q-GAP policy to food safety assurance; when compared to Phitsanulok, approximately 35% more farmers in Chiang Mai demonstrated such an understanding. This contradicted the more experience and days of training on Q-GAP the farmers in Phitsanulok had in comparison to those in Chiang Mai. Moreover, the rates of understanding in both areas were significantly lower than those identified in previous Q-GAP studies of less export-oriented crops. The export-oriented mango farmers might be trained to regard Q-GAP certification as a type of license to export their mango produce, rather than as a tool to improve their food safety and quality assurance.
{"title":"Mango Growers’ Compliance with Public Good Agricultural Practices Standard: A Comparative Study in Northern Thailand","authors":"Yuichiro Amekawa, C. Tiyayon, P. Treewannakul, Nootchakarn Sawarng","doi":"10.55493/5005.v12i4.4649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v12i4.4649","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effectiveness of Thailand’s public good agricultural practices certification initiative (Q-GAP) in improving export-oriented mango farmers’ awareness and practices relating to food safety and quality assurance. Two groups of certified farmers in Northern Thailand (one from Chiang Mai Province and the other from Phitsanulok Province), comprising a total of 96 samples, were surveyed for comparative analysis. Many items of the comparison showed no significant differences between the two groups of farmers (specifically, the use of synthetic pesticides and non-synthetic pest control methods, record-keeping, and agrochemical safety and handling practices). One significant difference worth mentioning was related to the farmers’ ability to link the goal of the Q-GAP policy to food safety assurance; when compared to Phitsanulok, approximately 35% more farmers in Chiang Mai demonstrated such an understanding. This contradicted the more experience and days of training on Q-GAP the farmers in Phitsanulok had in comparison to those in Chiang Mai. Moreover, the rates of understanding in both areas were significantly lower than those identified in previous Q-GAP studies of less export-oriented crops. The export-oriented mango farmers might be trained to regard Q-GAP certification as a type of license to export their mango produce, rather than as a tool to improve their food safety and quality assurance.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"277 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77417054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.55493/5005.v12i4.4641
N. Rapankum, Rueangrit Hanmontree, C. Srilapat, Kanjanaporn Niljinda, P. Chaisombut
Milk production in compliance with dairy farm standards (DFS) assists farmers in improving the quality of local raw milk, facilitating more efficient farm management, and potentially increasing raw milk prices. In addition, it helps consumers to consume milk that is safe for their health. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the acceptance of DFS among modernized farmers in Sakon Nakhon and Udon Thani, Thailand. A total of 201 respondents were selected using the cluster sampling method. A structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression with 12 variables: age, education, experience in dairy farming, types of labor, size of dairy farming land, farm size, amount of raw milk yields, processing cost of raw milk, the profitability of raw milk production, access to and use of information on dairy farming, number of attended dairy farming workshops, and farmer satisfaction towards their dairy cooperative administration. The results indicate that modernized dairy farmers with more experience, medium-sized farms (21-100 dairy cows/farm), combined family and hired labor, and higher raw milk yield were more willing to accept DFS. This result is relevant in the context of agricultural extension according to government policies to raise the quality of raw milk in Thailand.
{"title":"Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Dairy Farming Standards by Modernized Farmers for Agricultural Extension in Thailand","authors":"N. Rapankum, Rueangrit Hanmontree, C. Srilapat, Kanjanaporn Niljinda, P. Chaisombut","doi":"10.55493/5005.v12i4.4641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v12i4.4641","url":null,"abstract":"Milk production in compliance with dairy farm standards (DFS) assists farmers in improving the quality of local raw milk, facilitating more efficient farm management, and potentially increasing raw milk prices. In addition, it helps consumers to consume milk that is safe for their health. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the acceptance of DFS among modernized farmers in Sakon Nakhon and Udon Thani, Thailand. A total of 201 respondents were selected using the cluster sampling method. A structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression with 12 variables: age, education, experience in dairy farming, types of labor, size of dairy farming land, farm size, amount of raw milk yields, processing cost of raw milk, the profitability of raw milk production, access to and use of information on dairy farming, number of attended dairy farming workshops, and farmer satisfaction towards their dairy cooperative administration. The results indicate that modernized dairy farmers with more experience, medium-sized farms (21-100 dairy cows/farm), combined family and hired labor, and higher raw milk yield were more willing to accept DFS. This result is relevant in the context of agricultural extension according to government policies to raise the quality of raw milk in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"437 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76668224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.55493/5005.v12i4.4642
S. Syafrial, Hery Toiba, D. Retnoningsih, T. Purwanti, Mohibbur Rahman
The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of livelihood capitals on smallholder farmers’ food security. This study employed cross-sectional data from 300 smallholder farmers in the Malang Regency of East Java, Indonesia. The household food expenditure and food consumption score (FCS) were applied to assess farmers’ household food security status. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to estimate the effect of livelihood capitals on food expenditure, and an ordered probit regression model was used to assess the effect of farmers’ livelihood capitals on FCS. The average farmers' food expenditure was about 68.124 USD per month; using FCS status, 12.33% of respondents were categorized as poor with an FCS of less than 21.5, 67.00% were categorized as borderline with an FCS score of 21.5 to 35, and 20.67% were categorized as acceptable with an FCS of more than 35. The result indicated that social capital (farming group, relations, social activity, and market information) was the most essential variable affecting household food as measured by expenditure as well as FCS, followed by human capital (education, experience, and family labor), financial capital (access to credit), and physical capital (agricultural storage and market distance). These findings suggest that there is a need to improve social access, farmers' abilities, and the agricultural infrastructure of smallholder farmers to enhance their food security.
{"title":"Do Livelihood Capitals Improve Food Security among Smallholder Farmers? Evidence from Horticulture Farmers in East Java, Indonesia","authors":"S. Syafrial, Hery Toiba, D. Retnoningsih, T. Purwanti, Mohibbur Rahman","doi":"10.55493/5005.v12i4.4642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v12i4.4642","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of livelihood capitals on smallholder farmers’ food security. This study employed cross-sectional data from 300 smallholder farmers in the Malang Regency of East Java, Indonesia. The household food expenditure and food consumption score (FCS) were applied to assess farmers’ household food security status. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to estimate the effect of livelihood capitals on food expenditure, and an ordered probit regression model was used to assess the effect of farmers’ livelihood capitals on FCS. The average farmers' food expenditure was about 68.124 USD per month; using FCS status, 12.33% of respondents were categorized as poor with an FCS of less than 21.5, 67.00% were categorized as borderline with an FCS score of 21.5 to 35, and 20.67% were categorized as acceptable with an FCS of more than 35. The result indicated that social capital (farming group, relations, social activity, and market information) was the most essential variable affecting household food as measured by expenditure as well as FCS, followed by human capital (education, experience, and family labor), financial capital (access to credit), and physical capital (agricultural storage and market distance). These findings suggest that there is a need to improve social access, farmers' abilities, and the agricultural infrastructure of smallholder farmers to enhance their food security.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80168511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.55493/5005.v12i4.4639
G. Maluleke, P. Masoko, T. Chitura
The study was carried out in the Mnisi Tribal Authority, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, between August and October 2021. Ethno-veterinary data were collected using pre-structured questionnaires and field observations with cattle owners. The data were analyzed and summarized using descriptive statistics. Frequently mentioned plants belonged to the families Vitaceae (Cissus quandrangularis), Euphorbiaceae (Synadenium cupulare), Fabaceae (Dichrostachys cinerea), Solanaceae (Nicotiana batacum), Euphorbiacae (Jatropha zayheri), and Apocynaceae (Sarcostemma viminate). Antimicrobial susceptibility assays with ampicillin as positive control were carried out on extracts of Synadenium cupulare (aerial parts and leaves), Dichrostachys cinerea (seeds/ fruits), and Cissus quadrangularis (aerial parts and leaves). Aqueous extracts of S.cupulare (L) were the most effective against E. faecalis with the lowest MIC of 0.73 mg/ml, followed by aqueous extracts of Dichrostachys cinerea with an MIC of 1.36. Open wounds were the most common ailment (35%), followed by abscesses (23%) and abrasions (17%). Documenting Indigenous knowledge can be a basis for the development of sustainably used medicinal plants in the area and the validation of these plant preparations for veterinary use since the low cost of these preparations makes them useful for local communities.
{"title":"Indigenous Plant-Based Alternatives for Treating Cattle Skin Ailments: A Case Study from the Mnisi Tribal Authority of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa","authors":"G. Maluleke, P. Masoko, T. Chitura","doi":"10.55493/5005.v12i4.4639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v12i4.4639","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out in the Mnisi Tribal Authority, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, between August and October 2021. Ethno-veterinary data were collected using pre-structured questionnaires and field observations with cattle owners. The data were analyzed and summarized using descriptive statistics. Frequently mentioned plants belonged to the families Vitaceae (Cissus quandrangularis), Euphorbiaceae (Synadenium cupulare), Fabaceae (Dichrostachys cinerea), Solanaceae (Nicotiana batacum), Euphorbiacae (Jatropha zayheri), and Apocynaceae (Sarcostemma viminate). Antimicrobial susceptibility assays with ampicillin as positive control were carried out on extracts of Synadenium cupulare (aerial parts and leaves), Dichrostachys cinerea (seeds/ fruits), and Cissus quadrangularis (aerial parts and leaves). Aqueous extracts of S.cupulare (L) were the most effective against E. faecalis with the lowest MIC of 0.73 mg/ml, followed by aqueous extracts of Dichrostachys cinerea with an MIC of 1.36. Open wounds were the most common ailment (35%), followed by abscesses (23%) and abrasions (17%). Documenting Indigenous knowledge can be a basis for the development of sustainably used medicinal plants in the area and the validation of these plant preparations for veterinary use since the low cost of these preparations makes them useful for local communities.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80269623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.55493/5005.v12i3.4638
A. Maroyi
This study aimed to document the diversity of traditional food plants in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province. The survey was carried out in six local municipalities in the province, between March 2016 and September 2020. Information on the socio-economic characteristics of the informants and on traditional food plants collected from the wild and cultivated and managed in home gardens was recorded using questionnaires, personal observations, and guided field walks with 145 informants. A total of 58 edible plants belonging to 46 genera and 29 families were recorded. The plant families with the largest number of species were Solanaceae (six species), followed by Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae (five species each), Rosaceae (four species), and Apiaceae, Cactaceae, and Fabaceae sensu lato with three species each. The main uses of the documented species were edible fruits (56.9%), leafy vegetables (29.3%), and edible tubers (12.1%). Species that were categorized as valuable, with relative frequency of citation (RFC) values exceeding 0.3, were Solanum tuberosum, Allium cepa, Zea mays, Beta vulgaris, Cucurbita moschata, Brassica oleracea, Spinacia oleracea, Cucurbita maxima, Daucus carota, and Lycopersicon esculentum. The findings highlight the significance of edible plant species to the well-being of local communities in the Eastern Cape province within the context of food provisioning.
{"title":"Traditional Food Plants Cultivated and Managed in Home Gardens in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province.","authors":"A. Maroyi","doi":"10.55493/5005.v12i3.4638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v12i3.4638","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to document the diversity of traditional food plants in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province. The survey was carried out in six local municipalities in the province, between March 2016 and September 2020. Information on the socio-economic characteristics of the informants and on traditional food plants collected from the wild and cultivated and managed in home gardens was recorded using questionnaires, personal observations, and guided field walks with 145 informants. A total of 58 edible plants belonging to 46 genera and 29 families were recorded. The plant families with the largest number of species were Solanaceae (six species), followed by Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae (five species each), Rosaceae (four species), and Apiaceae, Cactaceae, and Fabaceae sensu lato with three species each. The main uses of the documented species were edible fruits (56.9%), leafy vegetables (29.3%), and edible tubers (12.1%). Species that were categorized as valuable, with relative frequency of citation (RFC) values exceeding 0.3, were Solanum tuberosum, Allium cepa, Zea mays, Beta vulgaris, Cucurbita moschata, Brassica oleracea, Spinacia oleracea, Cucurbita maxima, Daucus carota, and Lycopersicon esculentum. The findings highlight the significance of edible plant species to the well-being of local communities in the Eastern Cape province within the context of food provisioning.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78925059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.55493/5005.v12i3.4630
Huu Cuong Nguyen, Bich Thuy Vo Thi, Q. Ngo
Traditional agriculture is currently facing many difficulties and obstacles. One reason is that climate change has led to a harsher environment and more pests and diseases. Also, the expansion of industrial zones has significantly reduced the arable land area. To overcome these difficulties, farmers need to change their farming methods and apply scientific and technological advances to their practice. In this paper, we report on the design and development of an automatic monitoring system for hydroponic farming based on the internet of things technique. This system allows sensor data to be collected in real time. An IoT gateway and virtual server were developed to transmit this gathered data to the cloud and store it. Via the web interface, the user can observe all the sensor data of the environment and hydroponic solution, as well as control the farming equipment. The system has been tested and evaluated during lettuce growth in an NFT hydroponic system. The experimental results show that the proposed system operates stably and achieves high reliability. The collected sensor data stored on the server can be used to analyze and evaluate the impact of environmental parameters on plant growth during cultivation.
{"title":"Automatic Monitoring System for Hydroponic Farming: IoT-Based Design and Development","authors":"Huu Cuong Nguyen, Bich Thuy Vo Thi, Q. Ngo","doi":"10.55493/5005.v12i3.4630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v12i3.4630","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional agriculture is currently facing many difficulties and obstacles. One reason is that climate change has led to a harsher environment and more pests and diseases. Also, the expansion of industrial zones has significantly reduced the arable land area. To overcome these difficulties, farmers need to change their farming methods and apply scientific and technological advances to their practice. In this paper, we report on the design and development of an automatic monitoring system for hydroponic farming based on the internet of things technique. This system allows sensor data to be collected in real time. An IoT gateway and virtual server were developed to transmit this gathered data to the cloud and store it. Via the web interface, the user can observe all the sensor data of the environment and hydroponic solution, as well as control the farming equipment. The system has been tested and evaluated during lettuce growth in an NFT hydroponic system. The experimental results show that the proposed system operates stably and achieves high reliability. The collected sensor data stored on the server can be used to analyze and evaluate the impact of environmental parameters on plant growth during cultivation.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85125988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.55493/5005.v12i3.4602
J. Ngango
This study aimed to assess the effects of women’s empowerment in agriculture on rice yield and income in rural Rwanda. A multi-stage stratified sampling procedure was used to collect data through structured questionnaires (including both open-ended and closed questions). A sample of 561 rice farmers drawn from the Eastern and Western provinces of Rwanda was used. The study used an instrumental variable to estimate the causal impacts of women’s empowerment, and controlled for the potential endogeneity of the same. The findings of the study showed that women’s empowerment has a positive impact on rice yield and income. Overall, the study results call for policy interventions promoting female participation in financial inclusion mechanisms, farmers’ cooperatives, and agricultural production decisions. In addition, the results highlighted the importance of building strategies and mechanisms for increasing women’s control and decisions over assets. The study makes contributions to the empirical literature on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, such as achieving gender equality, women’s empowerment, and food security in developing countries. Future research should attempt to use nationally representative panel data to fully understand the effects of women’s empowerment on rice productivity and other income outcomes.
{"title":"Does Women’s Empowerment Improve Yields and Income? Evidence from Rice Farmers in Rwanda","authors":"J. Ngango","doi":"10.55493/5005.v12i3.4602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v12i3.4602","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the effects of women’s empowerment in agriculture on rice yield and income in rural Rwanda. A multi-stage stratified sampling procedure was used to collect data through structured questionnaires (including both open-ended and closed questions). A sample of 561 rice farmers drawn from the Eastern and Western provinces of Rwanda was used. The study used an instrumental variable to estimate the causal impacts of women’s empowerment, and controlled for the potential endogeneity of the same. The findings of the study showed that women’s empowerment has a positive impact on rice yield and income. Overall, the study results call for policy interventions promoting female participation in financial inclusion mechanisms, farmers’ cooperatives, and agricultural production decisions. In addition, the results highlighted the importance of building strategies and mechanisms for increasing women’s control and decisions over assets. The study makes contributions to the empirical literature on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, such as achieving gender equality, women’s empowerment, and food security in developing countries. Future research should attempt to use nationally representative panel data to fully understand the effects of women’s empowerment on rice productivity and other income outcomes.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73679174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.55493/5005.v12i3.4600
Zainab Shawky El-Khalifa, H. Zahran, A. Ayoub
Climate change is the greatest threat to agriculture and food security, particularly in developing countries. Climate change occurs as CO2 levels in the atmosphere rise, causing changes in wind patterns and rainfall and rising temperatures. This study assumes that climate change will have a long-run impact on Egypt's agricultural sector. So, an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) was applied to examine the effects of climate change factors and other economic factors on Egyptian agricultural GDP in the short and long run from 1990 to 2020. The findings indicate that climate change factors have a long-run impact on Egypt's agricultural sector. In the long run, CO2 is the primary cause of Egypt's increasing temperatures. In the short run, climate change occurs because CO2 levels in the atmosphere increase, resulting in global warming, storms, floods, and rising sea levels. The result is that rising temperatures have reduced agricultural GDP.
{"title":"Climate Change Factors' Impact on the Egyptian Agricultural Sector","authors":"Zainab Shawky El-Khalifa, H. Zahran, A. Ayoub","doi":"10.55493/5005.v12i3.4600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v12i3.4600","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is the greatest threat to agriculture and food security, particularly in developing countries. Climate change occurs as CO2 levels in the atmosphere rise, causing changes in wind patterns and rainfall and rising temperatures. This study assumes that climate change will have a long-run impact on Egypt's agricultural sector. So, an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) was applied to examine the effects of climate change factors and other economic factors on Egyptian agricultural GDP in the short and long run from 1990 to 2020. The findings indicate that climate change factors have a long-run impact on Egypt's agricultural sector. In the long run, CO2 is the primary cause of Egypt's increasing temperatures. In the short run, climate change occurs because CO2 levels in the atmosphere increase, resulting in global warming, storms, floods, and rising sea levels. The result is that rising temperatures have reduced agricultural GDP.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77313123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.55493/5005.v12i3.4578
U. Paman, Khairizal, Selvia Sutriana
Farm machinery breakdowns are the most common problems farmers face in field operations. The problems can cause losses of time, power, and money and must therefore be prevented. This research investigates farm machinery breakdowns and loss of machine power, as well as service support conditions in Riau Province, Indonesia. Most data were collected from secondary sources published by the Food Crop and Horticulture Services of Riau Province and the Statistical Bureau of Riau Province. The data on service support facilities were obtained through field visits to service support sites in the province. The number of farm machines, farm power, and machine breakdowns increased during the period 2010–2021. There were different breakdown rates among farm machines and regencies. The highest annual growth was 17.03 percent for water pumps, followed by power threshers (14.41%), and 2-wheel tractors (14.32%). Rokan Hilir Regency had the highest level of machinery breakdowns, reaching 26.93 percent annually. The total loss of machine power was 9,553 hp per year on average or 15.76 percent of the total power of 61,357 hp per year. The availability of service support facilities like workshops and storage sheds was very limited and remained inadequate. A lack of spare parts and mechanics was also found in the surveyed areas of the province.
{"title":"Investigating Farm Machinery Breakdowns and Service Support System Conditions in Rainfed Rice Areas in Riau Province, Indonesia","authors":"U. Paman, Khairizal, Selvia Sutriana","doi":"10.55493/5005.v12i3.4578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v12i3.4578","url":null,"abstract":"Farm machinery breakdowns are the most common problems farmers face in field operations. The problems can cause losses of time, power, and money and must therefore be prevented. This research investigates farm machinery breakdowns and loss of machine power, as well as service support conditions in Riau Province, Indonesia. Most data were collected from secondary sources published by the Food Crop and Horticulture Services of Riau Province and the Statistical Bureau of Riau Province. The data on service support facilities were obtained through field visits to service support sites in the province. The number of farm machines, farm power, and machine breakdowns increased during the period 2010–2021. There were different breakdown rates among farm machines and regencies. The highest annual growth was 17.03 percent for water pumps, followed by power threshers (14.41%), and 2-wheel tractors (14.32%). Rokan Hilir Regency had the highest level of machinery breakdowns, reaching 26.93 percent annually. The total loss of machine power was 9,553 hp per year on average or 15.76 percent of the total power of 61,357 hp per year. The availability of service support facilities like workshops and storage sheds was very limited and remained inadequate. A lack of spare parts and mechanics was also found in the surveyed areas of the province.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"437 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76667835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.55493/5005.v12i3.4563
Af Sigit Rochadi, Siti Sadiyatunnimah, Kamaruddin Salim
This study examines human trafficking, its causes, and the survival abilities of victims using qualitative interpretive methods and thematic data analysis. Previous studies have not linked human trafficking with agricultural land conversion; however, in Indonesia, this problem is mainly caused by agricultural land conversion, which resulted in a floating mass comprising farmers and their families when this process was not carried out carefully, involving local officials and capital owners. The cooperation between the two forces was assisted by field operators who suppressed landowners in various ways. The owners of large pieces of land managed to reinvest the money from the sale of the land. On the other hand, owners of less than 0.5 hectares tended to share the proceeds from the sale of their land with relatives, as a provision for finding work in other cities or countries. Consequently, they are easily persuaded by the promises of brokers to be trafficked as plantation or sex workers. There are no significant differences in the characteristics of labor and sex trafficking victims. For instance, they both come from economically unstable families with little education. The former farmers do not participate in the industrial sector but work in the informal sector with long working hours and low wages. Nevertheless, they act as the backbone of the family's economy. Therefore, agricultural land conversion policies in developing countries should protect farmers from poverty and vulnerability.
{"title":"Agricultural Land Conversion and Human Trafficking in Northern Java Island, Indonesia","authors":"Af Sigit Rochadi, Siti Sadiyatunnimah, Kamaruddin Salim","doi":"10.55493/5005.v12i3.4563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v12i3.4563","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines human trafficking, its causes, and the survival abilities of victims using qualitative interpretive methods and thematic data analysis. Previous studies have not linked human trafficking with agricultural land conversion; however, in Indonesia, this problem is mainly caused by agricultural land conversion, which resulted in a floating mass comprising farmers and their families when this process was not carried out carefully, involving local officials and capital owners. The cooperation between the two forces was assisted by field operators who suppressed landowners in various ways. The owners of large pieces of land managed to reinvest the money from the sale of the land. On the other hand, owners of less than 0.5 hectares tended to share the proceeds from the sale of their land with relatives, as a provision for finding work in other cities or countries. Consequently, they are easily persuaded by the promises of brokers to be trafficked as plantation or sex workers. There are no significant differences in the characteristics of labor and sex trafficking victims. For instance, they both come from economically unstable families with little education. The former farmers do not participate in the industrial sector but work in the informal sector with long working hours and low wages. Nevertheless, they act as the backbone of the family's economy. Therefore, agricultural land conversion policies in developing countries should protect farmers from poverty and vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76832289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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