Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.55493/5005.v14i1.5033
Z. Sirajuddin, Sri Manovita Pateda, M. Baruwadi, Nur Safitri Tahir
The purpose of this research is to examine several scenarios in corn farming, which can be an alternative income for rural communities involved in ASGM. The artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities in Tulabolo, Gorontalo, have negatively impacted the local community's health due to mercury amalgamation pollution. Therefore, alternative scenarios are needed to attract the interest of the mining community to return to farming. Interviews were conducted with 26 farmers engaged in both mining and corn farming activities using an interview guide to assess their current cultivation behaviour and income related to ASGM, and other relevant informants. The data collected indicated that farmers earn significantly higher income from mining than from corn farming. Therefore, to incentivize farmers to shift their focus to corn farming, this study analyse several scenarios; increasing the land area per individual to a minimum of 2.2 hectares, raising the selling price of corn kernel to a minimum of IDR 9,203 per kg, and increasing productivity to a minimum of 2,709 kg/Ha through improved farming techniques. Implementing the third scenario is recommended to enhance earnings while reducing the negative impacts of ASGM on both health and the environment.
{"title":"Mitigating the impact of mercury on rural people by providing scenarios on alternative income through corn farming improvement","authors":"Z. Sirajuddin, Sri Manovita Pateda, M. Baruwadi, Nur Safitri Tahir","doi":"10.55493/5005.v14i1.5033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v14i1.5033","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to examine several scenarios in corn farming, which can be an alternative income for rural communities involved in ASGM. The artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities in Tulabolo, Gorontalo, have negatively impacted the local community's health due to mercury amalgamation pollution. Therefore, alternative scenarios are needed to attract the interest of the mining community to return to farming. Interviews were conducted with 26 farmers engaged in both mining and corn farming activities using an interview guide to assess their current cultivation behaviour and income related to ASGM, and other relevant informants. The data collected indicated that farmers earn significantly higher income from mining than from corn farming. Therefore, to incentivize farmers to shift their focus to corn farming, this study analyse several scenarios; increasing the land area per individual to a minimum of 2.2 hectares, raising the selling price of corn kernel to a minimum of IDR 9,203 per kg, and increasing productivity to a minimum of 2,709 kg/Ha through improved farming techniques. Implementing the third scenario is recommended to enhance earnings while reducing the negative impacts of ASGM on both health and the environment.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.55493/5005.v14i1.5000
Phuc Trong Ho, Pham Xuan Hung, Lieu Thi Hoang, Nguyen TM Phuong
The misuse of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides in rice cultivation is leading to low-quality outputs, high production costs, health issues and environmental problems (e.g., degraded soil quality, water pollution and increasing greenhouse gases). The efficient use of production inputs would be a feasible way to mitigate these issues. This paper employed a true random-effects model to measure cost efficiency and investigate the factors affecting cost inefficiency among Vietnamese rice producers. This study used the surveyed data of 350 rice households collected in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The findings of this research show that the mean cost efficiency score is 0.92 with a wide variation (0.26 – 0.99). This study indicates that there is still potential for inefficient rice producers to save production costs by improving their cost inefficiency. The study also reveals a positive relationship between cost inefficiency and farm size, natural disasters and rice diseases. This suggests that as farms grow, natural disasters and rice diseases become more prevalent and rice producers become increasingly incapable of managing input costs. This study suggests that supportive policies should focus on improving rice farmers’ skills to manage production inputs and deal with rice diseases and natural disasters to minimize rice production costs.
{"title":"Estimating cost efficiency and sources of inefficiency in paddy farming: A study in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta","authors":"Phuc Trong Ho, Pham Xuan Hung, Lieu Thi Hoang, Nguyen TM Phuong","doi":"10.55493/5005.v14i1.5000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v14i1.5000","url":null,"abstract":"The misuse of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides in rice cultivation is leading to low-quality outputs, high production costs, health issues and environmental problems (e.g., degraded soil quality, water pollution and increasing greenhouse gases). The efficient use of production inputs would be a feasible way to mitigate these issues. This paper employed a true random-effects model to measure cost efficiency and investigate the factors affecting cost inefficiency among Vietnamese rice producers. This study used the surveyed data of 350 rice households collected in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The findings of this research show that the mean cost efficiency score is 0.92 with a wide variation (0.26 – 0.99). This study indicates that there is still potential for inefficient rice producers to save production costs by improving their cost inefficiency. The study also reveals a positive relationship between cost inefficiency and farm size, natural disasters and rice diseases. This suggests that as farms grow, natural disasters and rice diseases become more prevalent and rice producers become increasingly incapable of managing input costs. This study suggests that supportive policies should focus on improving rice farmers’ skills to manage production inputs and deal with rice diseases and natural disasters to minimize rice production costs.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.55493/5005.v14i1.4999
Monthong Keochansy, Jae Bong Chang, Yoonsuk Lee
The study investigated the behavior of producers towards organic vegetables to determine the main factors influencing households’ income and analyze the challenges of producing organic vegetables. Organic agriculture can bring benefits to sustainable production and be a major source of households’ income. The Lao government is promoting and supporting clean agriculture in potential areas where the conditions of production and marketing are proper. Organic agriculture can help farmers increase their incomes and help people improve their health conditions. Organic agriculture has significant potential in Laos since several conditions of a traditional farming system can easily adapt to the organic farming system. Organic vegetables can create a value chain with government certification. However, the Lao government has difficulty recommending organic agriculture to farmers. The study collected 272 individual farm households cultivating organic vegetables in six districts in Vientiane’s capital, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). The analysis was considered for both descriptive statistics and an ordered logistic model. The results from the ordered logit model show that age, higher education level, organic vegetable area, and selling frequencies are positive and statistically significant. The study can contribute to the next five-year plan of clean agricultural programs for agriculture and forestry development.
{"title":"Analysis of producer behavior towards organic vegetables in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR","authors":"Monthong Keochansy, Jae Bong Chang, Yoonsuk Lee","doi":"10.55493/5005.v14i1.4999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v14i1.4999","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the behavior of producers towards organic vegetables to determine the main factors influencing households’ income and analyze the challenges of producing organic vegetables. Organic agriculture can bring benefits to sustainable production and be a major source of households’ income. The Lao government is promoting and supporting clean agriculture in potential areas where the conditions of production and marketing are proper. Organic agriculture can help farmers increase their incomes and help people improve their health conditions. Organic agriculture has significant potential in Laos since several conditions of a traditional farming system can easily adapt to the organic farming system. Organic vegetables can create a value chain with government certification. However, the Lao government has difficulty recommending organic agriculture to farmers. The study collected 272 individual farm households cultivating organic vegetables in six districts in Vientiane’s capital, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). The analysis was considered for both descriptive statistics and an ordered logistic model. The results from the ordered logit model show that age, higher education level, organic vegetable area, and selling frequencies are positive and statistically significant. The study can contribute to the next five-year plan of clean agricultural programs for agriculture and forestry development.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.55493/5005.v14i1.4983
Do Quang Huy, Minakshi Keeni, K. Fuyuki
The current research investigates the environmental and economic impacts of the system of rice intensification. Rice, a fundamental staple in our diets, is paradoxically a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, fueling global warming and climate change. A promising solution to this is the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). Embraced in Vietnam's National Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement, SRI aims to boost rice yields while curbing greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional farming practices. This study focuses on Thai Binh, a key rice-producing province in the Red River Delta. Our objective is to assess the economic, environmental, and broader societal impacts of SRI versus conventional farming. We conducted a comprehensive analysis, utilizing tools such as Cost and Benefit (CBA) evaluations, Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) calculations, and the Linkert scale to gauge the effects. Data from 175 farmers in Phu Luong commune, Dong Hung district, Thai Binh province, formed the basis of our study. The results highlight the advantages of adopting SRI. Implementing SRI not only leads to a substantial increase of approximately 12 million Vietnamese Dong (VND) in revenue but also showcases a remarkably favorable cost of -2.7 VND for reducing 1 ton of CO2eq/ha during the transition from conventional farming. This highlights the financial and environmental benefits of SRI. Furthermore, our assessment demonstrates that SRI consistently outperforms conventional farming across economic, environmental, and societal dimensions. In essence, our findings strongly advocate for the adoption of SRI over conventional rice cultivation, as it not only mitigates environmental harm but also enhances farmers' profitability and well-being, aligning with sustainable agriculture practices and climate change mitigation efforts.
目前的研究调查了水稻集约化系统对环境和经济的影响。水稻是我们的基本主食，但矛盾的是，它却是温室气体排放的重要来源，加剧了全球变暖和气候变化。水稻集约化系统（SRI）是一个很有前景的解决方案。与传统耕作方式相比，SRI 的目标是提高水稻产量，同时抑制温室气体排放。本研究以红河三角洲的重要水稻生产省份太平省为重点。我们的目标是评估 SRI 相对于传统耕作对经济、环境和更广泛的社会影响。我们利用成本效益评估 (CBA)、边际减排成本计算 (MAC) 和林克特量表等工具进行了全面分析，以衡量影响。太平省东洪县 Phu Luong 乡 175 位农民的数据构成了我们研究的基础。研究结果凸显了采用 SRI 的优势。实施 SRI 不仅能大幅增加约 1200 万越南盾（VND）的收入，而且在从传统耕作过渡到 SRI 的过程中，每公顷减少 1 吨 CO2eq 的成本为-2.7 越南盾（VND），优势明显。这凸显了自给自足农业的经济和环境效益。此外，我们的评估表明，SRI 在经济、环境和社会方面的表现始终优于传统耕作。从本质上讲，我们的研究结果强烈主张采用社会责任投资而非传统水稻种植，因为它不仅能减轻对环境的危害，还能提高农民的盈利能力和福利，符合可持续农业实践和减缓气候变化的努力。
{"title":"An analysis of environmental and economic impacts of the system of rice intensification : A case study in Thai Binh Province, Vietnam","authors":"Do Quang Huy, Minakshi Keeni, K. Fuyuki","doi":"10.55493/5005.v14i1.4983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v14i1.4983","url":null,"abstract":"The current research investigates the environmental and economic impacts of the system of rice intensification. Rice, a fundamental staple in our diets, is paradoxically a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, fueling global warming and climate change. A promising solution to this is the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). Embraced in Vietnam's National Determined Contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement, SRI aims to boost rice yields while curbing greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional farming practices. This study focuses on Thai Binh, a key rice-producing province in the Red River Delta. Our objective is to assess the economic, environmental, and broader societal impacts of SRI versus conventional farming. We conducted a comprehensive analysis, utilizing tools such as Cost and Benefit (CBA) evaluations, Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) calculations, and the Linkert scale to gauge the effects. Data from 175 farmers in Phu Luong commune, Dong Hung district, Thai Binh province, formed the basis of our study. The results highlight the advantages of adopting SRI. Implementing SRI not only leads to a substantial increase of approximately 12 million Vietnamese Dong (VND) in revenue but also showcases a remarkably favorable cost of -2.7 VND for reducing 1 ton of CO2eq/ha during the transition from conventional farming. This highlights the financial and environmental benefits of SRI. Furthermore, our assessment demonstrates that SRI consistently outperforms conventional farming across economic, environmental, and societal dimensions. In essence, our findings strongly advocate for the adoption of SRI over conventional rice cultivation, as it not only mitigates environmental harm but also enhances farmers' profitability and well-being, aligning with sustainable agriculture practices and climate change mitigation efforts.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"26 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i4.4933
Werenfridus Taena, B. Sipayung, Fried Markus Allung Blegur, Anggelina Delviana Klau
This research aims to analyze income inequality and the factors determining inequality, as well as the allocation of land resources that optimize income distribution. The research is a continuation of previous research that found production and income growth as a result of the construction of the Roticlot Dam in the border area of Indonesia and TimorLeste. The research used survey methods in Fatuketi Village, the location of agricultural infrastructure (Rotiklot Dam) in the Indonesia and Timor Leste Border Area. Data analysis uses Gini, Tobit ratios, and linear programming. The results of the Gini ratio analysis show that there has been a decrease in income inequality from medium (Gini Ratio = 0.44) to low (Gini Ratio = 0.26); and the results of the Tobit analysis state that the factor that has a significant positive effect on income inequality is land area, while farmer independence, the number of family dependents, and business capital have a significant negative effect. Furthermore, land resource factors that have a positive influence on income distribution are allocated appropriately and fairly so that income equality is achieved, namely IDR 3,732,692.81 (Gini Ratio = 0.00, which is a very low level of income inequality). It is recommended that agrarian reform through the distribution of additional land be adjusted to the existing conditions of land area, income, availability of water resources, and socio-economic factors.
{"title":"Impact of agricultural infrastructure development on inequality and optimization equality of farmers’ income in Indonesia-Timor Leste Border Area","authors":"Werenfridus Taena, B. Sipayung, Fried Markus Allung Blegur, Anggelina Delviana Klau","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i4.4933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i4.4933","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to analyze income inequality and the factors determining inequality, as well as the allocation of land resources that optimize income distribution. The research is a continuation of previous research that found production and income growth as a result of the construction of the Roticlot Dam in the border area of Indonesia and TimorLeste. The research used survey methods in Fatuketi Village, the location of agricultural infrastructure (Rotiklot Dam) in the Indonesia and Timor Leste Border Area. Data analysis uses Gini, Tobit ratios, and linear programming. The results of the Gini ratio analysis show that there has been a decrease in income inequality from medium (Gini Ratio = 0.44) to low (Gini Ratio = 0.26); and the results of the Tobit analysis state that the factor that has a significant positive effect on income inequality is land area, while farmer independence, the number of family dependents, and business capital have a significant negative effect. Furthermore, land resource factors that have a positive influence on income distribution are allocated appropriately and fairly so that income equality is achieved, namely IDR 3,732,692.81 (Gini Ratio = 0.00, which is a very low level of income inequality). It is recommended that agrarian reform through the distribution of additional land be adjusted to the existing conditions of land area, income, availability of water resources, and socio-economic factors.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"352 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138974058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i4.4934
Sutarman 1 Andriani, Eko Prihatiningrum, A. Miftahurrohmat
The study’s goal is to find the best native fungus from rice husk waste so that a solid biofertilizer can be made with high-husk flour as a carrier material and an inert agent. This study was conducted on agricultural land in Seloliman Village, Trawas District, and Mojokerto Regency. Biofertilization and biological agent formulation activities carried out at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo’s Microbiology Laboratory aided the research. The experiment was conducted using a factorial randomized block design. The first factor consisted of three treatments: no fungi, Trichoderma sp., and Aspergillus sp. The second factor consists of soil treatment and apical treatment. The six treatment combinations were repeated four times (24 samples). The variables measured comprised plant height, number of panicles, weight of grain per plant, weight of 100 grams of grain, and the efficacy of biological agents in improving plant growth and productivity. All data underwent analysis of variety and then an HSD test at the 5% significance level to identify disparities among treatments. The study reveals that isolates Tc-013 and As-022 were identified as Trichoderma esperellum and Aspergillus flavus or A. oryzae, respectively. The application of Trichoderma and Aspergillus caused a decrease in the intensity of disease symptoms, reaching 64.7% and 37.3%, an increase in plant height and number of panicles, and an increase in the weight of 100 grains of 59.89 and 49.35%, respectively, as compared to the control treatment where the fungus was not applied.
{"title":"Application of trichoderma and aspergillus as biofertilizers in eco-friendly ratoon rice cultivation","authors":"Sutarman 1 Andriani, Eko Prihatiningrum, A. Miftahurrohmat","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i4.4934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i4.4934","url":null,"abstract":"The study’s goal is to find the best native fungus from rice husk waste so that a solid biofertilizer can be made with high-husk flour as a carrier material and an inert agent. This study was conducted on agricultural land in Seloliman Village, Trawas District, and Mojokerto Regency. Biofertilization and biological agent formulation activities carried out at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo’s Microbiology Laboratory aided the research. The experiment was conducted using a factorial randomized block design. The first factor consisted of three treatments: no fungi, Trichoderma sp., and Aspergillus sp. The second factor consists of soil treatment and apical treatment. The six treatment combinations were repeated four times (24 samples). The variables measured comprised plant height, number of panicles, weight of grain per plant, weight of 100 grams of grain, and the efficacy of biological agents in improving plant growth and productivity. All data underwent analysis of variety and then an HSD test at the 5% significance level to identify disparities among treatments. The study reveals that isolates Tc-013 and As-022 were identified as Trichoderma esperellum and Aspergillus flavus or A. oryzae, respectively. The application of Trichoderma and Aspergillus caused a decrease in the intensity of disease symptoms, reaching 64.7% and 37.3%, an increase in plant height and number of panicles, and an increase in the weight of 100 grains of 59.89 and 49.35%, respectively, as compared to the control treatment where the fungus was not applied.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138970985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i4.4918
Izaitul Aida Ismail, Mohd Rasdi Zaini, Noor Shuhaina Shaikh Mazran, Ahmad Khairuman Mohd Hasin
The rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) began to establish itself in Malaysia with the emergence of coconut cultivation. Rhinoceros beetles were well adapted to survive on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) trees. Different host plants could have different interactions and food preferences with the Rhinoceros beetle against their host plant, even within the same family. Additionally, climatic change, particularly rainfall, could also influence the population dynamics of O. rhinoceros especially in terms of the biological aspect of the pest. This study was carried out to evaluate the difference in population of rhinoceros beetles between oil palm and coconut palm as a preference host comparison in relation to the climatic factors on the plantation scale. The population of rhinoceros beetles was found to be higher in oil palm as compared to coconut palm. It can be concluded that rhinoceros beetles highly prefer oil palms when compared to coconut palms. This study highlighted the importance of planting similar families in order to reduce the risk of pest attacks. This study also found that climate is one of the factors influences the population dynamics of rhinoceros beetles and puts pressure on plants, subsequently making it a favorable condition for rhinoceros beetles in the field. Interestingly, female rhinoceros beetle in an oil palm field was significantly correlated with the rainfall. Therefore, preventive measures need to be taken during the rainy season, considering the high risk of planting nearby and/or similar plants.
{"title":"Population’s preference of rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) between oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and coconut palm (Cocos nucifera l.): Contributing to pest’s controlling strategy","authors":"Izaitul Aida Ismail, Mohd Rasdi Zaini, Noor Shuhaina Shaikh Mazran, Ahmad Khairuman Mohd Hasin","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i4.4918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i4.4918","url":null,"abstract":"The rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) began to establish itself in Malaysia with the emergence of coconut cultivation. Rhinoceros beetles were well adapted to survive on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) trees. Different host plants could have different interactions and food preferences with the Rhinoceros beetle against their host plant, even within the same family. Additionally, climatic change, particularly rainfall, could also influence the population dynamics of O. rhinoceros especially in terms of the biological aspect of the pest. This study was carried out to evaluate the difference in population of rhinoceros beetles between oil palm and coconut palm as a preference host comparison in relation to the climatic factors on the plantation scale. The population of rhinoceros beetles was found to be higher in oil palm as compared to coconut palm. It can be concluded that rhinoceros beetles highly prefer oil palms when compared to coconut palms. This study highlighted the importance of planting similar families in order to reduce the risk of pest attacks. This study also found that climate is one of the factors influences the population dynamics of rhinoceros beetles and puts pressure on plants, subsequently making it a favorable condition for rhinoceros beetles in the field. Interestingly, female rhinoceros beetle in an oil palm field was significantly correlated with the rainfall. Therefore, preventive measures need to be taken during the rainy season, considering the high risk of planting nearby and/or similar plants.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i4.4913
Nurfilza Zaheera Muhammad Nor Rashid, K. A. Radzun, Aimi Nadia Saharuddin, Muhamad Helmi Husaini Rusmidi, Asmida Ismail, Wan Razarinah Wan Abdul Razak, F. Pardi, Khudzir Ismail, Ali H. Jawad, L. Yahya
This study looked at what happens when the nutrients in agricultural grade (AG) medium are changed and how that changes the biomass production and CO2 fixation ability of Isochrysis sp. It aims to address the challenges in establishing biofuel stocks due to the microalgae issue. A medium optimization system (AMOS) was first used to determine the optimum level of nitrogen, phosphorus, and micronutrients in AG medium using Factorial and Box Behnken Experimental Design, which resulted in improvements to N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Z with 15 mM, 10 mM, 0.5 mM, 0.8 mM, 0.3 mM, and 0.15 mM, respectively. Subsequently, the improved medium was tested in a 1L culture volume, resulting in a 2.37 gL-1 biomass extracted from cultivation in the improved AG medium compared to cultivation in the traditional F/2 medium (1.63 gL-1). Cultures with higher Ca and Fe tested in an interim study yielded 9% and 7% enhanced biomass production compared to AG medium. The new optimized medium, which is known as TNBR-optimized medium (OM), was tested at the live coal-fired power plant in a 250 L air-lift bubbling column-type photobioreactor supplied with simulated and actual flue gas. The TNBR-optimized medium has demonstrated better algae growth, especially on actual flue gas, which has increased the concentration of CO2. The improved CO2 fixation rate was 0.72 gCO2.L-1 day-1, respectively, against those obtained from the previous report – 0.52 gCO2 L-1 day-1. An improved medium has been formulated to cultivate Isochrysis sp., and the current work can be further utilized for larger-scale cultivations.
{"title":"Effects of agricultural grade nutrient modulation on the biomass production and carbon fixation rate of Isochrysis sp. microalgae","authors":"Nurfilza Zaheera Muhammad Nor Rashid, K. A. Radzun, Aimi Nadia Saharuddin, Muhamad Helmi Husaini Rusmidi, Asmida Ismail, Wan Razarinah Wan Abdul Razak, F. Pardi, Khudzir Ismail, Ali H. Jawad, L. Yahya","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i4.4913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i4.4913","url":null,"abstract":"This study looked at what happens when the nutrients in agricultural grade (AG) medium are changed and how that changes the biomass production and CO2 fixation ability of Isochrysis sp. It aims to address the challenges in establishing biofuel stocks due to the microalgae issue. A medium optimization system (AMOS) was first used to determine the optimum level of nitrogen, phosphorus, and micronutrients in AG medium using Factorial and Box Behnken Experimental Design, which resulted in improvements to N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Z with 15 mM, 10 mM, 0.5 mM, 0.8 mM, 0.3 mM, and 0.15 mM, respectively. Subsequently, the improved medium was tested in a 1L culture volume, resulting in a 2.37 gL-1 biomass extracted from cultivation in the improved AG medium compared to cultivation in the traditional F/2 medium (1.63 gL-1). Cultures with higher Ca and Fe tested in an interim study yielded 9% and 7% enhanced biomass production compared to AG medium. The new optimized medium, which is known as TNBR-optimized medium (OM), was tested at the live coal-fired power plant in a 250 L air-lift bubbling column-type photobioreactor supplied with simulated and actual flue gas. The TNBR-optimized medium has demonstrated better algae growth, especially on actual flue gas, which has increased the concentration of CO2. The improved CO2 fixation rate was 0.72 gCO2.L-1 day-1, respectively, against those obtained from the previous report – 0.52 gCO2 L-1 day-1. An improved medium has been formulated to cultivate Isochrysis sp., and the current work can be further utilized for larger-scale cultivations.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"309 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i3.4912
Jennifer G Fronda
This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the agricultural decision-making processes undertaken by rural households in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The goal is to elucidate the significance of individual perceptions, experiences, and risk attitudes in this process and to identify the key elements that influence agricultural decision-making among these households. The research employed a mixed-methods approach to data collection, incorporating both surveys and interviews to gather quantitative and qualitative data. The analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression for the quantitative data, while the qualitative data were assessed through thematic analysis. The research's findings showed that local knowledge and experiences, risk attitudes, and perceptions of climate change among rural households all have a significant impact on agricultural decision-making. Even though risk aversion acted as an obstacle, the prevalent use of local knowledge in decision-making presented itself as an invaluable asset for creating adaptive strategies. Based on these findings, the study recommends the integration of local knowledge into agricultural training programs, the development of efficient risk management strategies, and the promotion of climate-smart agriculture. The results also underscore the need for further exploration of decision-making complexities in future research. These recommendations and findings have substantial implications for designing interventions and policies geared towards sustainable rural development. The study thus contributes significantly to enhancing our understanding of agricultural decision-making, helping to pave the way for sustainability in rural development.
{"title":"Farmer perspectives on understanding rural household behaviour in agricultural decision-making","authors":"Jennifer G Fronda","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i3.4912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i3.4912","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the agricultural decision-making processes undertaken by rural households in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The goal is to elucidate the significance of individual perceptions, experiences, and risk attitudes in this process and to identify the key elements that influence agricultural decision-making among these households. The research employed a mixed-methods approach to data collection, incorporating both surveys and interviews to gather quantitative and qualitative data. The analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression for the quantitative data, while the qualitative data were assessed through thematic analysis. The research's findings showed that local knowledge and experiences, risk attitudes, and perceptions of climate change among rural households all have a significant impact on agricultural decision-making. Even though risk aversion acted as an obstacle, the prevalent use of local knowledge in decision-making presented itself as an invaluable asset for creating adaptive strategies. Based on these findings, the study recommends the integration of local knowledge into agricultural training programs, the development of efficient risk management strategies, and the promotion of climate-smart agriculture. The results also underscore the need for further exploration of decision-making complexities in future research. These recommendations and findings have substantial implications for designing interventions and policies geared towards sustainable rural development. The study thus contributes significantly to enhancing our understanding of agricultural decision-making, helping to pave the way for sustainability in rural development.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines dairy farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for dairy development strategies in the Vavuniya district of Sri Lanka. Yeo hundred dairy farmers from Vavuniya district were randomly selected for this study. The choice research approach was applied, and conditional logit models were developed. The results of the study show that farmers are willing to pay for all the selected development strategies. Farmers prioritize the development strategies as follows: training in silage making, morning and evening milk collection, the establishment of milk collection centres within 2 km of dairy farms, and doubling the success rate of artificial insemination. Farmers’ WTP for training in silage making is higher than their WTP for other dairy development strategies. Female farmers’ WTP for training in silage making is greater than male farmers’ WTP for the same training. Farmers' income and education level each have a positive effect on their WTP for training in silage making, and their education level positively influences their WTP for morning and evening milk collection. The results of this study will assist policymakers in developing appropriate dairy development strategies and charges for the services offered.
{"title":"Farmers’ prioritization of dairy development strategies in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka","authors":"Kamshajini Raveenthiran, Sooriyakumar Krishnapillai, Sivashankar Sivakumar","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i3.4872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i3.4872","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines dairy farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for dairy development strategies in the Vavuniya district of Sri Lanka. Yeo hundred dairy farmers from Vavuniya district were randomly selected for this study. The choice research approach was applied, and conditional logit models were developed. The results of the study show that farmers are willing to pay for all the selected development strategies. Farmers prioritize the development strategies as follows: training in silage making, morning and evening milk collection, the establishment of milk collection centres within 2 km of dairy farms, and doubling the success rate of artificial insemination. Farmers’ WTP for training in silage making is higher than their WTP for other dairy development strategies. Female farmers’ WTP for training in silage making is greater than male farmers’ WTP for the same training. Farmers' income and education level each have a positive effect on their WTP for training in silage making, and their education level positively influences their WTP for morning and evening milk collection. The results of this study will assist policymakers in developing appropriate dairy development strategies and charges for the services offered.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135989702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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