Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i2.4779
Arjhel V. Domingo
This study explored the opportunities and challenges of mung bean production as a source of livelihood among farmers in the municipality of Cuyapo Nueva Ecija, where 223.4 hectares have been devoted to mung bean farming. The study used a descriptive research design and surveyed 214 mung bean farmers from 51 barangays in the municipality. The results of the study revealed that mung bean production provides income to farmers, having a 116.81% return on investment as shown in the cost and return analysis conducted. Mung bean production also provides additional income to local households as many laborers are needed, particularly during the harvesting period. However, mung bean farmers were challenged by the high cost of farm inputs, the low farmgate price of their mung bean harvest, farm destruction caused by stray farm animals, the threat of widespread pest infestation, and the low volume of production. To support the farmers in coping with these challenges, national and local government agencies might provide them with farm input subsidies, cash aid, marketing support, and technical assistance regarding proper crop management.
{"title":"Mung bean production as a source of livelihood among farmers in a municipality in the Philippines: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Arjhel V. Domingo","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i2.4779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i2.4779","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the opportunities and challenges of mung bean production as a source of livelihood among farmers in the municipality of Cuyapo Nueva Ecija, where 223.4 hectares have been devoted to mung bean farming. The study used a descriptive research design and surveyed 214 mung bean farmers from 51 barangays in the municipality. The results of the study revealed that mung bean production provides income to farmers, having a 116.81% return on investment as shown in the cost and return analysis conducted. Mung bean production also provides additional income to local households as many laborers are needed, particularly during the harvesting period. However, mung bean farmers were challenged by the high cost of farm inputs, the low farmgate price of their mung bean harvest, farm destruction caused by stray farm animals, the threat of widespread pest infestation, and the low volume of production. To support the farmers in coping with these challenges, national and local government agencies might provide them with farm input subsidies, cash aid, marketing support, and technical assistance regarding proper crop management.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"315 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80094623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i2.4777
P. Saokhamkeo, Rapee Dokmaithes, J. Chompoo, Cherdpong Kheerajitt
Rice is viewed as an indicator of food security and poverty reduction, but many rural areas of Laos still face rice insufficiency. Dealing with the problem requires transitioning from traditional farming to commercial production using modern techniques. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the adoption of commercial rice production for local food security and poverty reduction. The survey included 70 samples in the Namxouang irrigation development area of Vientiane Capital, Laos, using a questionnaire for secondary and primary data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to describe the collected data and analyze factors influencing commercial rice production. The findings revealed that 65.7%, 18.6%, and 15.7% of the respondents engaged in commercial, semi-commercial, and subsistence rice production, respectively. In addition, it also found that land size, labor costs, and machinery costs each had a significant positive relationship with the practice of commercial rice production at a statistical significance level of 0.01. At the same time, household size, media perception, and annual income had significant negative relationships with the practice of commercial rice production at significance levels of 0.01 and 0.05. Therefore, high-quality rice varieties, new rice production techniques, and rice production groups are needed to support farmers using the same technical practices to obtain similar yields. Moreover, regulations are required to control chemical use and manage paddy land. These changes would help achieve the government policy to promote smart farming and good agricultural practice for food security and poverty reduction.
{"title":"Factors influencing the practice of commercial rice production for food security in Vientiane capital, Laos","authors":"P. Saokhamkeo, Rapee Dokmaithes, J. Chompoo, Cherdpong Kheerajitt","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i2.4777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i2.4777","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is viewed as an indicator of food security and poverty reduction, but many rural areas of Laos still face rice insufficiency. Dealing with the problem requires transitioning from traditional farming to commercial production using modern techniques. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the adoption of commercial rice production for local food security and poverty reduction. The survey included 70 samples in the Namxouang irrigation development area of Vientiane Capital, Laos, using a questionnaire for secondary and primary data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to describe the collected data and analyze factors influencing commercial rice production. The findings revealed that 65.7%, 18.6%, and 15.7% of the respondents engaged in commercial, semi-commercial, and subsistence rice production, respectively. In addition, it also found that land size, labor costs, and machinery costs each had a significant positive relationship with the practice of commercial rice production at a statistical significance level of 0.01. At the same time, household size, media perception, and annual income had significant negative relationships with the practice of commercial rice production at significance levels of 0.01 and 0.05. Therefore, high-quality rice varieties, new rice production techniques, and rice production groups are needed to support farmers using the same technical practices to obtain similar yields. Moreover, regulations are required to control chemical use and manage paddy land. These changes would help achieve the government policy to promote smart farming and good agricultural practice for food security and poverty reduction.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91242653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i2.4776
I. Listiana, K. K. Rangga, Ayu Agustina, Indah Nurmayasari, H. Jimad, D. Ariyanto
This study explores the effect of field agricultural extension on rice farmers’ capacity levels and the factors that influence farmers' capacity. This research was conducted in Negeri Katon District in October-November 2021. The respondents were 62 heads of farmer groups in the district. This study used a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the effect of field agricultural extension on farmers’ capacity levels could be categorized as moderate, and the overall level of farmer capacity could be classified in the medium category. This is an interesting finding considering the daily activities of farmers consist of farming but their capacity is not yet high. This finding shows that farmers still need agricultural extension agents (AEAs) but the number of AEAs is still limited, meaning that extension activities do not run optimally. The factors that influence the level of farmer capacity are age, level of formal education, length of farming experience, land size, number of dependents, and the role of AEAs. The number and role of AEAs affect the capacity of extension workers; therefore, the number of AEAs must be increased.
{"title":"The effect of field agricultural extension roles on the capacity level of rice farmers in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung, Indonesia","authors":"I. Listiana, K. K. Rangga, Ayu Agustina, Indah Nurmayasari, H. Jimad, D. Ariyanto","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i2.4776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i2.4776","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the effect of field agricultural extension on rice farmers’ capacity levels and the factors that influence farmers' capacity. This research was conducted in Negeri Katon District in October-November 2021. The respondents were 62 heads of farmer groups in the district. This study used a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the effect of field agricultural extension on farmers’ capacity levels could be categorized as moderate, and the overall level of farmer capacity could be classified in the medium category. This is an interesting finding considering the daily activities of farmers consist of farming but their capacity is not yet high. This finding shows that farmers still need agricultural extension agents (AEAs) but the number of AEAs is still limited, meaning that extension activities do not run optimally. The factors that influence the level of farmer capacity are age, level of formal education, length of farming experience, land size, number of dependents, and the role of AEAs. The number and role of AEAs affect the capacity of extension workers; therefore, the number of AEAs must be increased.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81022819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i2.4778
Phuc Trong Ho, Pham Xuan Hung, Nguyen Duc Tien
Rice production costs vary substantially across rice varieties and cropping seasons; however, the effects of rice varieties and cropping seasons on the cost efficiency of rice farming have not been given much attention by researchers. In this paper, we attempt to examine these effects on the cost efficiency of rice production in Vietnam. We use a stochastic metafrontier approach to compare the cost efficiency of rice production between two rice variety groups (a high-quality rice variety and a conventional rice variety group) and three cropping seasons (Winter-Spring, Summer-Autumn, and Autumn-Winter). The data consist of 918 observations collected from rice farmers in the Mekong River Delta, the main rice-cultivation region of Vietnam. The results show that there is statistical evidence for the effects of rice varieties and cropping seasons on cost efficiency. High-quality rice variety adopters performed less efficiently (0.837) than non-adopters (0.864). Rice farmers exhibited a lower mean cost efficiency in the Winter-Spring season (0.883) than in the Summer-Autumn (0.907) and Autumn-Winter (0.905) seasons. This research suggests that policies should support inefficient rice farmers to reduce their inefficiency in the Winter-Spring season as well as support high-quality rice variety adopters to catch up with the cost-efficiency level of conventional rice variety farmers.
{"title":"Effects of varieties and seasons on cost efficiency in rice farming: A stochastic metafrontier approach","authors":"Phuc Trong Ho, Pham Xuan Hung, Nguyen Duc Tien","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i2.4778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i2.4778","url":null,"abstract":"Rice production costs vary substantially across rice varieties and cropping seasons; however, the effects of rice varieties and cropping seasons on the cost efficiency of rice farming have not been given much attention by researchers. In this paper, we attempt to examine these effects on the cost efficiency of rice production in Vietnam. We use a stochastic metafrontier approach to compare the cost efficiency of rice production between two rice variety groups (a high-quality rice variety and a conventional rice variety group) and three cropping seasons (Winter-Spring, Summer-Autumn, and Autumn-Winter). The data consist of 918 observations collected from rice farmers in the Mekong River Delta, the main rice-cultivation region of Vietnam. The results show that there is statistical evidence for the effects of rice varieties and cropping seasons on cost efficiency. High-quality rice variety adopters performed less efficiently (0.837) than non-adopters (0.864). Rice farmers exhibited a lower mean cost efficiency in the Winter-Spring season (0.883) than in the Summer-Autumn (0.907) and Autumn-Winter (0.905) seasons. This research suggests that policies should support inefficient rice farmers to reduce their inefficiency in the Winter-Spring season as well as support high-quality rice variety adopters to catch up with the cost-efficiency level of conventional rice variety farmers.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74598451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i2.4774
J. Jaroensathapornkul
The purpose of this research is to investigate the implications of tobacco control policies and measure how these have brought about structural changes in Thailand’s tobacco leaf exports. The methodology involved employing secondary data to estimate the econometrics model and then utilizing the Chow test. The findings showed that the estimates from the econometrics model reflect the income elasticity of the real export value of 6.621. In the Chow test, a statistically significant (at 0.05) structural change in Thailand’s tobacco leaf export was apparent when comparing the results before and after the first quarter of 2010. Furthermore, since 2010 the exports have shifted from the old market to other ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Lao PDR. Concerning the practical implications, from a public health perspective, the results provide evidence for the efficiency of tobacco control policies and measures in European countries, the US, and Australia. On the other hand, they also pinpoint an area of improvement for tobacco control policies in ASEAN countries, and further investigation is required. From an economic perspective, Thai tobacco farmers need to be supported by the government during the transition period.
{"title":"Structural change in Thailand’s tobacco leaf exports: Implications of tobacco control in ASEAN countries","authors":"J. Jaroensathapornkul","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i2.4774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i2.4774","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to investigate the implications of tobacco control policies and measure how these have brought about structural changes in Thailand’s tobacco leaf exports. The methodology involved employing secondary data to estimate the econometrics model and then utilizing the Chow test. The findings showed that the estimates from the econometrics model reflect the income elasticity of the real export value of 6.621. In the Chow test, a statistically significant (at 0.05) structural change in Thailand’s tobacco leaf export was apparent when comparing the results before and after the first quarter of 2010. Furthermore, since 2010 the exports have shifted from the old market to other ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Lao PDR. Concerning the practical implications, from a public health perspective, the results provide evidence for the efficiency of tobacco control policies and measures in European countries, the US, and Australia. On the other hand, they also pinpoint an area of improvement for tobacco control policies in ASEAN countries, and further investigation is required. From an economic perspective, Thai tobacco farmers need to be supported by the government during the transition period.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78425262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i1.4770
Rahman Hairuddin, M. Idris, Kamil Nur
This study aimed to determine the effect of auxin and cytokinin concentrations as plant growth regulators (PGR) on the organogenesis of corn plants in vitro. This research was conducted from June to September 2021 in the plant tissue culture laboratory of Cokroaminoto University, Palopo City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research method was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 15 experimental units, i.e., P0 (control), P1 (2 ml NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) + 1 ml BAP (benzylaminopurine)), P2 (2 ml NAA + 1.5 ml BAP), P3 (2 ml NAA + 2 ml BAP), and P4 (2 ml NAA + 2.5 ml BAP). The results revealed that the administration of auxin and cytokinin plant growth regulators had a significant effect on the parameters of germination age and plantlet weight, but it had no significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of roots, root length, and number of leaves. The effective concentration of auxin and cytokinin growth regulators on the organogenesis of corn plants was P2 (2 ml NAA + 1.5 ml BAP) on the parameters of 11 cm plant height, 7 root strands, 1 leaf, and 1 gram plantlet weight. This was due to the influence of the given concentration of PGR, which plays multiple important roles in plant development.
本研究旨在探讨生长素和细胞分裂素浓度作为植物生长调节剂(PGR)对玉米植株离体器官发生的影响。该研究于2021年6月至9月在印度尼西亚南苏拉威西帕洛波市Cokroaminoto大学植物组织培养实验室进行。研究方法采用完全随机设计(CRD)，共设15个实验单元，即P0(对照)、P1 (2ml NAA(萘乙酸)+ 1ml BAP(苄氨基嘌呤))、P2 (2ml NAA + 1.5 ml BAP)、P3 (2ml NAA + 2ml BAP)、P4 (2ml NAA + 2.5 ml BAP)。结果表明，植物生长调节剂生长素和细胞分裂素对发芽龄和苗重有显著影响，但对株高、根数、根长和叶数无显著影响。生长素和细胞分裂素生长调节剂在株高11 cm、根束7条、叶片1片、株重1 g条件下对玉米器官发生的有效浓度为P2 (2 ml NAA + 1.5 ml BAP)。这是由于一定浓度的PGR的影响，它在植物发育中起着多重重要作用。
{"title":"Organogenesis of corn plants (Zea mays L.) at various concentrations of auxin and cytokinin plant growth regulators in vitro","authors":"Rahman Hairuddin, M. Idris, Kamil Nur","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i1.4770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i1.4770","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the effect of auxin and cytokinin concentrations as plant growth regulators (PGR) on the organogenesis of corn plants in vitro. This research was conducted from June to September 2021 in the plant tissue culture laboratory of Cokroaminoto University, Palopo City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research method was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 15 experimental units, i.e., P0 (control), P1 (2 ml NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) + 1 ml BAP (benzylaminopurine)), P2 (2 ml NAA + 1.5 ml BAP), P3 (2 ml NAA + 2 ml BAP), and P4 (2 ml NAA + 2.5 ml BAP). The results revealed that the administration of auxin and cytokinin plant growth regulators had a significant effect on the parameters of germination age and plantlet weight, but it had no significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of roots, root length, and number of leaves. The effective concentration of auxin and cytokinin growth regulators on the organogenesis of corn plants was P2 (2 ml NAA + 1.5 ml BAP) on the parameters of 11 cm plant height, 7 root strands, 1 leaf, and 1 gram plantlet weight. This was due to the influence of the given concentration of PGR, which plays multiple important roles in plant development.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72859141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i1.4768
Dao Duy Minh, Aung Tun Oo, Ky Sovanndara
Southeast Asia is considered one of the world’s climate hotspots as the countries in the Mekong region, in particular, will be the hardest hit by the impacts of climate change if the global temperature continues to rise. This study aims to evaluate the differences in climate change-induced vulnerability of farm households in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Myanmar. The total sample size was 999 farm respondents, of which 304 were from Myanmar, 350 from Vietnam, and 345 from Cambodia. The farm households’ vulnerability was measured using an advanced indicator or indexing method with balanced or equal weighting. A total of 36 indicators were selected based on an extensive literature review and expert judgment. Each major component was comprised of sub-components and indicators, which were standardized using a balanced weighted average approach. The findings reveal that Myanmar was high in all components of climate change vulnerability, whereas Vietnam was the second most vulnerable country, followed by Cambodia. Based on the findings, we suggest implementing policy measures that aim to reduce the sensitivity dimension of farm households, such as by improving early warning systems, increasing public funding investment in infrastructure development, and creating embankments to prevent saltwater incursion, while empowering the adaptive capacity of farm households. Furthermore, we also recommend establishing the necessary healthcare facilities, strengthening the public-private partnership, increasing outreach and healthcare services, and improving access to the formal credit system.
{"title":"Farm households’ vulnerability to climate change in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam: An advanced livelihood vulnerability indexing approach","authors":"Dao Duy Minh, Aung Tun Oo, Ky Sovanndara","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i1.4768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i1.4768","url":null,"abstract":"Southeast Asia is considered one of the world’s climate hotspots as the countries in the Mekong region, in particular, will be the hardest hit by the impacts of climate change if the global temperature continues to rise. This study aims to evaluate the differences in climate change-induced vulnerability of farm households in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Myanmar. The total sample size was 999 farm respondents, of which 304 were from Myanmar, 350 from Vietnam, and 345 from Cambodia. The farm households’ vulnerability was measured using an advanced indicator or indexing method with balanced or equal weighting. A total of 36 indicators were selected based on an extensive literature review and expert judgment. Each major component was comprised of sub-components and indicators, which were standardized using a balanced weighted average approach. The findings reveal that Myanmar was high in all components of climate change vulnerability, whereas Vietnam was the second most vulnerable country, followed by Cambodia. Based on the findings, we suggest implementing policy measures that aim to reduce the sensitivity dimension of farm households, such as by improving early warning systems, increasing public funding investment in infrastructure development, and creating embankments to prevent saltwater incursion, while empowering the adaptive capacity of farm households. Furthermore, we also recommend establishing the necessary healthcare facilities, strengthening the public-private partnership, increasing outreach and healthcare services, and improving access to the formal credit system.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84295219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i1.4766
Arjhel V. Domingo
The study aimed to assess the plight of the onion industry in Bongabon, Nueva Ecija, dubbed the onion capital of the Philippines. The study employed a descriptive methodology. A total of 184 onion farmers from Bongabon, Nueva Ecija, served as respondents. The study revealed that most of the farmer respondents were “kasama” or tenants to the land owners. Farmers borrowed capital from trader-capitalists to finance their farm operations. Significant problems faced by onion farmers included the rising cost of farm inputs because they are imported, which could greatly affect net returns. Farm mechanization was limited, and a shortage of farm laborers was prevalent. Weather conditions and the severity of pest infestation influenced the volume of harvests. The difficulties were further aggravated by the farmers’ suspicion of price manipulation by big-time traders and unregulated importation directly competing with the price of local onions. Storing onions in cold storage facilities was the last recourse when the farmgate price was low. Based on the results of the study, intervention strategies are proposed that may be considered by concerned agencies when designing policies, programs, and projects to help the local farmers take advantage of the promising opportunities in onion growing and eventually improve the onion industry’s competitiveness in general.
{"title":"The plight of the onion industry in the onion capital of the Philippines: Basis for intervention strategies","authors":"Arjhel V. Domingo","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i1.4766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i1.4766","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to assess the plight of the onion industry in Bongabon, Nueva Ecija, dubbed the onion capital of the Philippines. The study employed a descriptive methodology. A total of 184 onion farmers from Bongabon, Nueva Ecija, served as respondents. The study revealed that most of the farmer respondents were “kasama” or tenants to the land owners. Farmers borrowed capital from trader-capitalists to finance their farm operations. Significant problems faced by onion farmers included the rising cost of farm inputs because they are imported, which could greatly affect net returns. Farm mechanization was limited, and a shortage of farm laborers was prevalent. Weather conditions and the severity of pest infestation influenced the volume of harvests. The difficulties were further aggravated by the farmers’ suspicion of price manipulation by big-time traders and unregulated importation directly competing with the price of local onions. Storing onions in cold storage facilities was the last recourse when the farmgate price was low. Based on the results of the study, intervention strategies are proposed that may be considered by concerned agencies when designing policies, programs, and projects to help the local farmers take advantage of the promising opportunities in onion growing and eventually improve the onion industry’s competitiveness in general.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77509564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i1.4762
Werenfridus Taena, B. Sipayung, Fried Allung Blegur, Anggelina Delviana Klau
The Indonesian government has created a food estate area in Belu Regency, supported by the construction of the Rotiklot Dam, in the expectation that it would increase agricultural production and income, as well as stimulate the economy of the border region. The study aims to analyze (i) the comparative advantage of agricultural commodities in the food estate area and (ii) the effect of social characteristics and physical inputs on increasing farmers’ production and income in the food estate area in the border region. The data used consisted of primary data obtained from interviews with 300 respondents, selected through purposive sampling from a population of 4500, and secondary data from related agencies. The data analysis employed location quotient (LQ) and the partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS). Social input was reflected by 5 variables and physical input by 3 variables, while production was reflected by 6 variables and income by 7 variables. The LQ results show that maize and rice production in the food estate area is superior to other areas, and maize grows faster than rice crops. The comparative advantage is due to physical and social factors; based on the results of SEM-PLS, physical factors have direct and indirect effects on production and income, while social factors have an indirect effect on farmers' income through agricultural production. Expansion of the planting area by utilizing water from the Rotiklot Dam and increasing the motivation of farmers through input subsidies are needed to optimize the increase in farmers' production and income.
{"title":"Comparative advantages and factors affecting agriculture production and income in the food estate area on the Indonesia–Timor-Leste border","authors":"Werenfridus Taena, B. Sipayung, Fried Allung Blegur, Anggelina Delviana Klau","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i1.4762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i1.4762","url":null,"abstract":"The Indonesian government has created a food estate area in Belu Regency, supported by the construction of the Rotiklot Dam, in the expectation that it would increase agricultural production and income, as well as stimulate the economy of the border region. The study aims to analyze (i) the comparative advantage of agricultural commodities in the food estate area and (ii) the effect of social characteristics and physical inputs on increasing farmers’ production and income in the food estate area in the border region. The data used consisted of primary data obtained from interviews with 300 respondents, selected through purposive sampling from a population of 4500, and secondary data from related agencies. The data analysis employed location quotient (LQ) and the partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS). Social input was reflected by 5 variables and physical input by 3 variables, while production was reflected by 6 variables and income by 7 variables. The LQ results show that maize and rice production in the food estate area is superior to other areas, and maize grows faster than rice crops. The comparative advantage is due to physical and social factors; based on the results of SEM-PLS, physical factors have direct and indirect effects on production and income, while social factors have an indirect effect on farmers' income through agricultural production. Expansion of the planting area by utilizing water from the Rotiklot Dam and increasing the motivation of farmers through input subsidies are needed to optimize the increase in farmers' production and income.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83643938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.55493/5005.v13i1.4760
J. Sambo, O. Tada, T. Chitura, N. Mararakanye
Nguni cattle in South Africa are diminishing at the expense of exotic breeds and crossbreeds. Therefore, the Industrial Development Corporation and Mpumalanga Province Department of Agriculture adopted the Nguni cattle conservation project. Herds of 30 heifers and a bull were allocated to 34 communal property associations (CPAs) and 40 private farms. This study aimed to evaluate growth and reproductive performance across three ecological zones and two ownership patterns. Nine CPAs and nine private farms were sampled. Age at first calving, conception, calving, and weaning rates were determined from production records, while calf birth and weaning weights were digitally measured. Data was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) used for mean separation. Significant differences were observed across ecological zones for age at first calving, weaning rate, and birth and weaning weights (p < 0.05). Concerning age at first calving, the Midveld ecological zone performed best (24 months) for both ownership types compared to the Highveld (28.09 months private, 26.00 CPA) and Lowveld (28.35 months for both ownership types). Highveld performed higher on birth weight (25.35 kg) and weaning rate for private (93%) and CPA (80%). Lower birth weights were observed in both ownership types in Midveld (22.17 kg). The Lowveld zone had a higher birth weight (26.80 kg) in CPA. Higher weaning weights were observed in private ownership of Highveld (190.16 kg) and the lowest (160.39 kg) in the Midveld zone. CPAs in Highveld had higher weaning weights (187.55kg) than in Midveld (167.50 kg). The results suggest that Nguni cattle respond differently in the various ecological zones of Mpumalanga Province.
{"title":"Evaluation of Nguni cattle performance from communal property associations and private ownership types across three ecological zones of Mpumalanga province, South Africa","authors":"J. Sambo, O. Tada, T. Chitura, N. Mararakanye","doi":"10.55493/5005.v13i1.4760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55493/5005.v13i1.4760","url":null,"abstract":"Nguni cattle in South Africa are diminishing at the expense of exotic breeds and crossbreeds. Therefore, the Industrial Development Corporation and Mpumalanga Province Department of Agriculture adopted the Nguni cattle conservation project. Herds of 30 heifers and a bull were allocated to 34 communal property associations (CPAs) and 40 private farms. This study aimed to evaluate growth and reproductive performance across three ecological zones and two ownership patterns. Nine CPAs and nine private farms were sampled. Age at first calving, conception, calving, and weaning rates were determined from production records, while calf birth and weaning weights were digitally measured. Data was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) used for mean separation. Significant differences were observed across ecological zones for age at first calving, weaning rate, and birth and weaning weights (p < 0.05). Concerning age at first calving, the Midveld ecological zone performed best (24 months) for both ownership types compared to the Highveld (28.09 months private, 26.00 CPA) and Lowveld (28.35 months for both ownership types). Highveld performed higher on birth weight (25.35 kg) and weaning rate for private (93%) and CPA (80%). Lower birth weights were observed in both ownership types in Midveld (22.17 kg). The Lowveld zone had a higher birth weight (26.80 kg) in CPA. Higher weaning weights were observed in private ownership of Highveld (190.16 kg) and the lowest (160.39 kg) in the Midveld zone. CPAs in Highveld had higher weaning weights (187.55kg) than in Midveld (167.50 kg). The results suggest that Nguni cattle respond differently in the various ecological zones of Mpumalanga Province.","PeriodicalId":36876,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88050746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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