Forensic Science International: Synergy最新文献_第7页

Navigating changing narratives: The forensic Advisor's role in a complex sexual assault case – A case study 导航不断变化的叙述：法医顾问在一个复杂的性侵犯案件中的作用-一个案例研究

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100581

Antje Van Assche, Karolien Van Dijck

引用次数: 0

A transdisciplinary integrated approach to improve identification outcomes for decomposed decedents in medicolegal death investigations 一种跨学科的综合方法，以提高法医死亡调查中腐烂尸体的鉴定结果

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100579

Victoria E. Gibbon , Laura J. Heathfield , Kathryn Smith , Judith C. Sealy , Lorna J. Martin

Introduction

Successful identification of unidentified decedents is a priority to address the global burden and health crisis created by such deaths. A newly developed transdisciplinary and integrative approach is presented as a protocol. The aim is to facilitate forensic leads for medico-legal death investigations that utilize external expertise to provide additional information as an act of re-humanization of the decedent.

Methods and analysis

There are three critical phases to the protocol. This transdisciplinary research approach in sensitive medicolegal environments requires, first, establishment of a robust ethical framework (implementation of permissions, contracts, and ethics) to maintain evidentiary integrity and protect those involved. It also needs to facilitate dissemination of the generated facial depictions to the public to enable investigative leads. Second, it requires the identification of useful and available scientific analyses and establishment of the multi-disciplinary team. These include a medicolegal death investigation and a forensic pathology postmortem record review inclusive of forensic contextual and case data information (such as unique identifiers and personal belongings), radiographic analyses, osteobiography anthropological assessment, conventional and specialized forensic genetic analyses, and possibly stable isotope analyses to provide a richer picture and understanding of the person. Third, these multifactorial data need to be integrated into a narrative, including facial reconstruction and depiction to elicit memory and identification via public appeals for information on unresolved cases. Should an investigative lead be followed, and a possible forensic identification established, conventional methods to confirm identity can be applied (e.g. DNA profiling). While it is the first time this approach has been applied in an African context, this protocol can be replicated and adapted for other regions to improve medicolegal death investigations, Ultimately, facilitating and improving identification can provide social justice and familial closure.

成功查明身份不明的死者是解决此类死亡造成的全球负担和健康危机的一个优先事项。本文提出了一种新的跨学科综合方法。其目的是促进法医线索进行法医死亡调查，利用外部专业知识提供额外信息，作为使死者重新人性化的一种行为。方法和分析协议有三个关键阶段。在敏感的医学法律环境中，这种跨学科研究方法首先需要建立一个健全的伦理框架（执行许可、合同和伦理），以保持证据的完整性并保护相关人员。它还需要促进生成的面部描绘向公众传播，以提供调查线索。其次，它需要识别有用的和可用的科学分析，并建立多学科团队。其中包括法医死亡调查和法医病理学尸检记录审查，包括法医背景和案件数据信息（如唯一标识符和个人物品）、放射学分析、骨传记人类学评估、常规和专业法医遗传分析，以及可能的稳定同位素分析，以提供对该人的更丰富的了解和了解。第三，这些多因素数据需要整合到一个叙述中，包括面部重建和描述，以通过公众呼吁对未解决案件的信息进行记忆和识别。如果跟踪调查线索，并确定可能的法医鉴定，则可以采用常规方法确认身份（例如DNA分析）。虽然这是第一次在非洲范围内采用这种方法，但该议定书可以复制并适用于其他区域，以改进法医死亡调查。最终，促进和改进身份识别可以提供社会正义和家庭结束。

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引用次数: 0

Manner of death prediction: A machine learning approach to classify suicide and non-suicide using blood metabolomics 死亡预测方式：使用血液代谢组学对自杀和非自杀进行分类的机器学习方法

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100580

Witchayawat Sunthon , Thitiwat Sopananurakkul , Giatgong Konguthaithip , Yutti Amornlertwatana , Somlada Watcharakhom , Kanicnan Intui , Churdsak Jaikang

The classification of the manner of death (MOD) is a critical step in forensic investigations. The process is based on scene investigation, autopsy, histological and toxicological findings. However, in complex suicide cases, these findings may be insufficient to clearly establish the MOD and need potential biomarkers to assist judicial determinations. This study aims to identify specific biomarkers in the blood that could distinguish suicide from the non-suicidal deaths group. Heart blood samples were collected from suicide (n = 45) and non-suicide cases (n = 45) and metabolomic profiles were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nineteen blood metabolites were significantly different between the groups (p < 0.05); especially, 4-hydroxyproline, sarcosine and heparan sulfate emerged as potential biomarkers for differentiating between the groups. A logistic regression-based predictive model incorporating sarcosine and heparan sulfate achieved sensitivity and specificity values of 73 % and 72 %, respectively. The integration of machine learning with blood metabolomics holds significant potential in forensic science and may apply to the model to adopt in criminal justice.

死亡方式的分类是法医调查的一个关键步骤。这一过程是基于现场调查、尸检、组织学和毒理学结果。然而，在复杂的自杀案件中，这些发现可能不足以明确确定MOD，需要潜在的生物标志物来协助司法决定。这项研究旨在确定血液中可以区分自杀和非自杀死亡组的特定生物标志物。分别采集自杀者（n = 45）和非自杀者（n = 45）的心脏血样，利用质子核磁共振波谱分析代谢组学特征。19种血液代谢物组间差异有统计学意义(p <；0.05);特别是，4-羟基脯氨酸、肌氨酸和硫酸肝素成为区分两组的潜在生物标志物。结合肌氨酸和硫酸肝素的基于逻辑回归的预测模型的敏感性和特异性分别为73%和72%。机器学习与血液代谢组学的结合在法医科学中具有巨大的潜力，并且可以应用于刑事司法中采用的模型。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of harassment and bullying of forensic scientists on work performance, absenteeism, and intention to leave the workplace in the United States 在美国，骚扰和欺凌法医科学家对工作表现、缺勤和离开工作场所的意图的影响

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100576

Rana DellaRocco , Ryan D. Krone , Nancy L. Wayne

The purpose of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the extent and nature of harassment and bullying in forensic science laboratories associated with law enforcement in the United States. We hypothesized that the most common harassment would be that of male sworn civil servants working in forensics targeting women non-sworn forensic scientists. Further, we assessed whether levels of harassment were associated with workplace performance, absenteeism, and intention to leave. There were three types of self-reported harassment investigated: work performance-related, interpersonal, and physical intimidation. There were three categories of respondents: lab technician, manager/supervisor, and “Other” that included students, administrative support personnel, assistants, and consultants. Results showed that levels and types of harassment varied depending upon the inter-relationship between the harassed and the harasser, with higher levels of harassment reported by participants coming from harassers above them in authority. While the majority of harassment reported was between women, due to the overwhelmingly female respondent pool and gender of those employed in forensics, the effect of gender on harassment may be skewed. Work-related harassment was associated with a decrease in work performance and increased intention of participants to leave their agencies. Intention to leave was mitigated by the employee maintaining high work performance despite the harassment. This study can be valuable to forensic scientist employers seeking to identify those most likely to experience harassment so that agencies may intervene, prevent decreases in productivity and job satisfaction, and to address employee retention.

本研究的目的是首次调查与美国执法有关的法医学实验室中骚扰和欺凌的程度和性质。我们假设，最常见的骚扰将是在法医学工作的男性宣誓公务员针对未宣誓就职的女性法医学科学家。此外，我们评估了骚扰程度是否与工作表现、缺勤和离职意愿有关。调查了三种自我报告的骚扰类型：与工作绩效有关的、人际关系的和身体上的恐吓。有三类受访者：实验室技术员、经理/主管和“其他”，包括学生、行政支持人员、助理和顾问。结果显示，骚扰的程度和类型因被骚扰者和骚扰者之间的相互关系而异，参与者报告的骚扰程度较高的骚扰者来自于他们的上级。虽然报告的大多数骚扰发生在女性之间，但由于绝大多数女性受访者和法医工作人员的性别，性别对骚扰的影响可能会有所偏差。与工作有关的骚扰与工作绩效下降和参与者离开其机构的意图增加有关。尽管受到骚扰，但员工仍然保持良好的工作表现，从而降低了离职的意愿。这项研究对法医雇主来说很有价值，他们想要确定那些最有可能遭受骚扰的人，这样机构就可以进行干预，防止生产力和工作满意度的下降，并解决员工留任问题。

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引用次数: 0

Digitalisation of forensic expert activity in Ukraine: Organisational and legal framework 乌克兰法医专家活动的数字化：组织和法律框架

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100578

Nataliia Martynenko

The article examines the process of digitalisation of forensic expert activity through the prism of the State's policy aimed at creating a technologically advanced society. Proposals are made: on registration and identification of forensic experts of state specialised institutions in the Unified Judiciary Information Telecommunication System; on improvement of the functions of the Register of Certified Forensic Experts regarding the profile of a legal entity carrying out forensic activities and the profile of an individual forensic expert. A number of legislative amendments related to the field of forensic science have been proposed to ensure a balanced development of the Register of Certified Forensic Experts.

The introduction of the Forensic Expert e-Diary will facilitate the maintenance of the Register of Certified Forensic Experts in terms of displaying the number of expert examinations conducted by each forensic expert and the level of their workload based on the number of examinations and their complexity, calculated in expert hours.

It is proved that the Register of Certified Forensic Experts should be maintained in such a way that the profiles of employed experts are displayed and made available via the profile of their expert organisation. It is concluded that in order to ensure independence, objectivity, efficiency, and speed of forensic examinations, it is advisable to introduce the following model of automated appointment of an expert to conduct a particular study: the system pre-selects several candidates, after which the court selects from the list an expert who can be involved in the work. The article also raises the issues of information security and data confidentiality in the organisation of forensic expert activity.

本文通过旨在创建技术先进社会的国家政策的棱镜，研究了法医专家活动数字化的过程。提出了以下建议：统一司法信息电信系统中国家专门机构法医专家的登记和鉴定；关于改进注册法医专家登记册在开展法医活动的法律实体概况和法医专家个人概况方面的职能。已提出若干与法医学领域有关的立法修正案，以确保注册法医专家登记册的平衡发展。引入法医专家电子日记将有助于维护《注册法医专家登记册》，以便显示每位法医专家进行的专家检查次数，以及他们根据检查次数及其复杂程度（以专家小时计算）所承担的工作量。事实证明，注册法医专家登记册应保持这样一种方式，即显示受雇专家的简介，并通过其专家组织的简介提供。为确保司法鉴定工作的独立性、客观性、高效性和快速性，建议采用以下自动指定专家进行特定研究的模式：系统预先选定若干候选人，法院从名单中选择一名可以参与工作的专家。文章还提出了组织法医专家活动中的信息安全和数据机密性问题。

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引用次数: 0

Forensic homicidal strangulation in women: Case series and systematic literature review 妇女的法医杀人绞杀：案例系列和系统的文献综述

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100577

Ginevra Malta , Maria Puntarello , Mauro Midiri , Tommaso D'Anna , Stefania Zerbo , Antonina Argo

This systematic review explores women's homicidal strangulation using PRISMA method. A total of 40 Google Scholar, 26 PubMed and 4 manual searching articles were analyzed, while other sources were excluded due to lack of full texts, irrelevance, or outdated content. Review highlights gender violence as an underestimated issue and provides a socio-demographic analysis. Diagnosing strangulation can be challenging, particularly in absence of visible asphyxial signs in the external examination. Judicial authorities' collaboration and reliance on circumstantial evidence are crucial in forensic investigations. Strangulation is statistically prevalent in sexually motivated crimes and employs various methods. We reported four different strangulation cases at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Palermo, to emphasize findings, forensic characteristics, and interpretation difficulties. The primary goal of this review is to shed light on homicidal strangulation's specific characteristics, given its underreported nature, and to stress the importance of mechanical asphyxia in forensic differential diagnosis. Distinguishing strangulation from other asphyxial deaths is difficult, as is identifying potential third-party involvement. This review also aims to provide key indicators that assist forensic pathologists in differentiating strangulation from other asphyxial causes of death. Future perspectives highlight the use of specific protocols, using artificial intelligence (AI), and instrumental investigations to support forensic pathologists in performing differential diagnoses and providing compatibility assessments.

这篇系统的综述探讨了使用PRISMA方法的女性杀人绞杀。共分析b谷歌Scholar文章40篇、PubMed文章26篇、人工检索文章4篇，其他来源因缺乏全文、不相关或内容过时而被排除。《审查》强调性别暴力是一个被低估的问题，并提供了社会人口分析。诊断勒死可能具有挑战性，特别是在外部检查中没有明显的窒息迹象。司法当局的合作和对间接证据的依赖在法医调查中至关重要。据统计，勒死在性犯罪中很普遍，而且方法多种多样。我们报告了巴勒莫大学法医学研究所的四个不同的绞杀案件，以强调调查结果、法医学特征和解释困难。本综述的主要目的是阐明杀人绞杀的具体特征，鉴于其被低估的性质，并强调机械窒息在法医鉴别诊断中的重要性。区分勒死与其他窒息性死亡是困难的，确定潜在的第三方参与也是困难的。本综述还旨在提供关键指标，协助法医病理学家在区分扼杀与其他窒息性死亡原因。未来的观点强调使用特定的方案，使用人工智能（AI）和仪器调查来支持法医病理学家进行鉴别诊断和提供兼容性评估。

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引用次数: 0

Barriers to human remains identification using forensic odontology in resource-constrained settings 在资源有限的情况下，利用法医牙科学鉴定人类遗骸的障碍

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100575

Ernest Joie T. Guzman , Maria Corazon A. De Ungria

An effective strategy for human remains identification with a high success rate and low cost is vital for low to low-middle-income countries. Prompt identification of human remains is essential for the swift recovery of families and communities affected by large-scale disasters. However, the systematic integration of forensic disciplines into standard practice remains to be implemented in many areas. Even countries like the Philippines – where over 20 typhoons occur annually, leaving numerous, even thousands of persons remain missing so many years after the disaster, institutions continue to struggle in adopting standard protocols for human remains identification (HRI). This paper examines the barriers to implementing such protocols and explores the feasibility of maximizing the use of forensic odontology in the identification process in resource-constrained settings. The discussion highlights the situation in the Philippines resulting from these barriers and provides actionable plans for overcoming these challenges. In doing this, we can maximize the use of available technologies such as forensic odontology when local resources are limited, trained professionals are scarce and a sustainable and efficient operational local framework to handle mass fatality incidents (MFI) is not in place.

一个成功率高、成本低的遗骸鉴定策略对中低收入国家至关重要。迅速识别人类遗骸对于受大规模灾害影响的家庭和社区的迅速恢复至关重要。然而，在许多领域，将法医学科系统地纳入标准实践仍有待实施。即使像菲律宾这样每年发生20多次台风的国家，在灾难发生多年后仍有无数甚至数千人失踪，各机构仍在努力采用人体遗骸鉴定（HRI）的标准规程。本文探讨了实施此类协议的障碍，并探讨了在资源有限的情况下，在鉴定过程中最大限度地利用法医牙科学的可行性。讨论强调了这些障碍造成的菲律宾局势，并为克服这些挑战提供了可行的计划。这样，在当地资源有限、训练有素的专业人员稀缺以及处理大规模死亡事件（MFI）的可持续和有效的地方运作框架不到位的情况下，我们可以最大限度地利用法医牙科学等现有技术。

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引用次数: 0

Fatal intoxication after oral ingestion of amphetamine: Two case reports 口服安非他明致死性中毒：两例报告

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100568

Evelyn Pawlik , Felix Mayer , Oliver Temme

Amphetamine is a stimulant that is abused worldwide and e.g. leads to hyperthermia [Brinkman et al., 2014], dizziness, insomnia, stomachaches and suppression of appetite [Callaway et al., 1994]. The most common production route of racemic (R-/S)-amphetamine is the Leuckart synthesis [United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2006, Hauser et al., 2018], where by-products like 4-methyl-5-phenylpyrimidine (4-M-5-PP), N,N-di (β-phenylisopropyl)amine (DPIA) and N-formylamphetamine (NFA) are incurred. We describe two cases in which 39 years old men died after oral intake of greater amounts of liquid amphetamine preparations. Body fluids (heart blood, femoral vein blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, vitreous humour, and stomach content), organ tissues (myocardium, lung, liver, gall bladder, brain and kidney) and skeletal muscle were examined for amphetamine and amphetamine by-products as well as for other substances e.g. alcohol and pharmaceuticals. Analysis were done via HPLC/DAD, LC/MS, GC/MS or GC/FID without or after fluid-fluid extraction. Amphetamine was detected in all biological materials, the highest concentrations were found in urine (2600 μg/ml, case 1) and stomach content (14,000 μg/g, case 2). The amphetamine by-product DPIA was found only in heart blood (case 2), while NFA and 4-M-5-PP could not be detected at all. Morphological findings and the toxicological results for (R-/S)- amphetamine, the amphetamine by-products, alcohol, other drugs and pharmaceuticals are shown for both cases. The amphetamine concentrations of both cases are compared and the distribution in the body is discussed. The toxicity of the amphetamine by-products on the human body remains unclear and is subject of further studies.

苯丙胺是一种兴奋剂，在世界各地被滥用，例如导致高热[Brinkman等人，2014年]、头晕、失眠、胃痛和抑制食欲[Callaway等人，1994年]。外消旋（R-/S）-苯丙胺最常见的生产途径是Leuckart合成法[联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室，2006年；Hauser等人，2018年]，其中会产生4-甲基-5-苯基嘧啶（4-M-5-PP）、N,N-二（β-苯基异丙基）胺（DPIA）和N-甲酰苯丙胺（NFA）等副产品。我们描述了两例 39 岁男性在口服较大量液体苯丙胺制剂后死亡的病例。对体液（心血、股静脉血、尿液、脑脊液、玻璃体和胃内容物）、器官组织（心肌、肺、肝、胆、脑和肾）和骨骼肌进行了苯丙胺和苯丙胺副产品以及酒精和药物等其他物质的检测。分析方法包括 HPLC/DAD、LC/MS、GC/MS 或 GC/FID（无流体萃取或流体萃取后）。在所有生物材料中都检测到了苯丙胺，浓度最高的是尿液（2600 微克/毫升，案例 1）和胃内容物（14,000 微克/克，案例 2）。苯丙胺的副产品 DPIA 只在心血（案例 2）中发现，而 NFA 和 4-M-5-PP 则完全检测不到。两个病例的形态学结果以及（R-/S）-苯丙胺、苯丙胺副产品、酒精、其他药物和药品的毒理学结果均已显示。比较了两种情况下的苯丙胺浓度，并讨论了其在体内的分布情况。苯丙胺副产品对人体的毒性仍不清楚，有待进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

When insect development meets insect succession: Advantages of combining different methods and insect taxa in estimating the post-mortem interval 当昆虫发育满足昆虫演替时：结合不同方法和昆虫类群估算死后间隔的优势。

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100574

Szymon Matuszewski , Anna Mądra-Bielewicz

Insects are frequently used to estimate post-mortem interval (PMI). Experts usually base their estimates on a single insect taxon and use a single estimation method, even if multiple taxa are present on a cadaver or multiple methods can be applied. In this article we present a case report where multiple insect evidence and methods were used in a homicide case to estimate PMI. Since the true PMI was known, we were able to assess the estimation errors of each method as applied to particular insect evidence. The final grand PMI was derived from a developmental estimate based on third instar larvae of Lucilia illustris/L. caesar species group and a successional estimate based on adult Thanatophilus rugosus beetles. By averaging these estimates we got the grand PMI of almost perfect accuracy (1 % relative error, PMI range: 4.39 ± 0.77 days), which is of course an exceptional situation for entomological methods of estimating PMI. Furthermore, this was the first case report in which the presence and absence of subsequent life stages of carrion insects coupled with the estimation of their pre-appearance interval were used to estimate the PMI range. The results regarding the minimum PMI were fully consistent with the results obtained using the classical developmental method. This finding indicates that in some cases the presence/absence method can be used interchangeably with the developmental method. Finally, we discussed the prospects and limitations of combining insect evidence and methods of their analysis in estimating PMI.

昆虫经常被用来估计死后间隔（PMI）。专家们通常以单一昆虫分类群为基础，使用单一的估计方法，即使一具尸体上有多个分类群，或者可以应用多种方法。在这篇文章中，我们提出了一个案例报告，其中多种昆虫的证据和方法在一个杀人案件估计PMI。由于真实的PMI是已知的，我们能够评估每种方法在应用于特定昆虫证据时的估计误差。最终的大PMI是根据绿蝇3龄幼虫的发育估计得出的。凯撒种群及基于成虫的演替估算。通过对这些估计进行平均，我们得到了几乎完美精度的大PMI（相对误差为1%，PMI范围为4.39±0.77天），这当然是昆虫学方法估计PMI的例外情况。此外，这是第一个案例报告，其中存在和不存在的后续生命阶段的腐肉昆虫加上估计他们的出现前的间隔被用来估计PMI范围。最小PMI的计算结果与经典发展方法的计算结果完全一致。这一发现表明，在某些情况下，存在/缺失法可以与发育法互换使用。最后，我们讨论了结合昆虫证据及其分析方法估算PMI的前景和局限性。

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引用次数: 0

The limitations of mouth alcohol detection systems in breath alcohol testing: Case reports 口腔酒精检测系统在呼气酒精检测中的局限性：病例报告。

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100573

Aaron Olson

Contamination of a person's breath alcohol with alcohol from sources other than the lungs can falsely elevate the results of a breath alcohol test. This is known as “mouth alcohol” contamination in breath alcohol testing. To combat the issue of mouth alcohol contamination, manufacturers of breath alcohol analyzers have incorporated slope detection algorithms into their devices known as “slope detectors.” Despite this effort, breath alcohol analyzers sometimes fail to detect mouth alcohol contamination. Three case reports presented in this paper strongly suggest undetected mouth alcohol contamination. The significant legal consequences of a falsely elevated breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) due to mouth alcohol contamination require further research into the ability of slope detectors to identify mouth alcohol. Greater transparency and independent scientific examination of the algorithms involved in mouth alcohol detection systems are needed to ensure accuracy and fairness in breath alcohol testing.

一个人的呼吸酒精被肺部以外的其他来源的酒精污染，可能会错误地提高呼吸酒精测试的结果。在呼气酒精测试中，这被称为“口腔酒精”污染。为了解决口腔酒精污染问题，呼气酒精分析仪的制造商在他们的设备中加入了坡度检测算法，称为“坡度检测器”。尽管如此，呼气酒精分析仪有时还是无法检测到口腔酒精污染。本文提出的三个病例报告强烈建议未检测到的口腔酒精污染。由于口腔酒精污染导致的呼气酒精浓度错误升高（BrAC）的重大法律后果需要进一步研究斜率检测器识别口腔酒精的能力。需要对口腔酒精检测系统所涉及的算法进行更大的透明度和独立的科学检查，以确保呼气酒精检测的准确性和公平性。

引用次数: 0