A. Kazantsev, S. A. Dzhafarova, Dali B. Tsoroeva, A. Korotkikh, R. Vinogradov, V. Kravchuk, D. Shmatov, K. Chernykh
We present a description of internal carotid artery restenosis five years after eversion carotid endarterectomy, progression of contralateral internal carotid artery stenosis and coronary atherosclerosis with imaging of haemodynamically significant stenosis of the anterior descending artery. The efficacy of hybrid revascularization is demonstrated: carotid angioplasty with stenting of the left internal carotid artery stenosis + percutaneous coronary intervention for the anterior descending artery + left carotid endarterectomy. We explain the choice of these types of reconstruction and staging of the intervention. We make a conclusion regarding the effectiveness and safety of the implemented treatment strategy.
{"title":"Hybrid revascularization: stenting of left internal carotid artery after restenosis, combined with left anterior descending artery stenting and right carotid endarterectomy","authors":"A. Kazantsev, S. A. Dzhafarova, Dali B. Tsoroeva, A. Korotkikh, R. Vinogradov, V. Kravchuk, D. Shmatov, K. Chernykh","doi":"10.54101/acen.2022.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2022.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"We present a description of internal carotid artery restenosis five years after eversion carotid endarterectomy, progression of contralateral internal carotid artery stenosis and coronary atherosclerosis with imaging of haemodynamically significant stenosis of the anterior descending artery. The efficacy of hybrid revascularization is demonstrated: carotid angioplasty with stenting of the left internal carotid artery stenosis + percutaneous coronary intervention for the anterior descending artery + left carotid endarterectomy. We explain the choice of these types of reconstruction and staging of the intervention. We make a conclusion regarding the effectiveness and safety of the implemented treatment strategy.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74660476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The safety of pathogenetic therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) is a crucial aspect of the therapeutic strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our own data, obtained during the study of MS pathogenesis and safety analysis of MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), we hereby suggest a classification of DMTs side effects, based on their type, development, and direction of action. There is a need to thoroughly analyse adverse events caused by pathogenetic therapy, with a balanced assessment of the direct vs. adverse effects of immunosuppressive drugs. Based on available literature, in the article, data on the effect of DMTs with various mechanisms of action on severe coronavirus infection are systematized. Interferon- and glatiramer acetate are the safest drugs to use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, fingolimod, alemtuzumab, and cladribine should be used with caution. Drugs with a minor systemic immunosuppressant effect (e.g. natalizumab) and selective immunosuppressants (e.g. ocrelizumab) are safer than drugs that cause non-selective depletion of T and B cells. It must be stressed that the risk of MS exacerbation and progression due to untimely prescription or cessation of pathogenetic therapy can significantly exceed the potential risk of COVID-19. Long-term safety monitoring is required for DMTs during the COVID-19 pandemic and when the epidemiological situation stabilizes.
{"title":"Safety of pathogenetic therapy for multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"A. Petrov, M. V. Votintseva, I. Stolyarov","doi":"10.54101/acen.2022.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2022.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The safety of pathogenetic therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) is a crucial aspect of the therapeutic strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000Based on our own data, obtained during the study of MS pathogenesis and safety analysis of MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), we hereby suggest a classification of DMTs side effects, based on their type, development, and direction of action. There is a need to thoroughly analyse adverse events caused by pathogenetic therapy, with a balanced assessment of the direct vs. adverse effects of immunosuppressive drugs. \u0000Based on available literature, in the article, data on the effect of DMTs with various mechanisms of action on severe coronavirus infection are systematized. \u0000Interferon- and glatiramer acetate are the safest drugs to use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, fingolimod, alemtuzumab, and cladribine should be used with caution. Drugs with a minor systemic immunosuppressant effect (e.g. natalizumab) and selective immunosuppressants (e.g. ocrelizumab) are safer than drugs that cause non-selective depletion of T and B cells. \u0000It must be stressed that the risk of MS exacerbation and progression due to untimely prescription or cessation of pathogenetic therapy can significantly exceed the potential risk of COVID-19. \u0000Long-term safety monitoring is required for DMTs during the COVID-19 pandemic and when the epidemiological situation stabilizes.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76814966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tat'yana S. Gulevskaya, P. Anufriev, М.М. Tanashyan
This review contains up-to-date information on the fundamentals and clinical aspects of white matter disease in chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease with cognitive impairment, the leading risk factors for which are hypertension and cerebral atherosclerosis. Highly informative methods of neuroimaging have contributed significantly to the study of this problem, confirming the important role of white matter changes in the development and progression of cognitive impairment. The full range of the morphological changes in white matter, typical of vascular encephalopathy and cognitive dysfunction, is presented. Chronic hypoperfusion and white matter ischaemia play a leading role in the pathogenesis of white matter changes in vascular dementia development, but alternative hypotheses are also emerging. Further fundamental morphological and clinical studies will help to determine the leading mechanisms of white matter damage in patients with vascular and other age-related forms of dementia. This is necessary for the development of effective methods of treatment and prevention.
{"title":"Morphology and pathogenesis of white matter changes in chronic cerebrovascular disease","authors":"Tat'yana S. Gulevskaya, P. Anufriev, М.М. Tanashyan","doi":"10.54101/acen.2022.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2022.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"This review contains up-to-date information on the fundamentals and clinical aspects of white matter disease in chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease with cognitive impairment, the leading risk factors for which are hypertension and cerebral atherosclerosis. Highly informative methods of neuroimaging have contributed significantly to the study of this problem, confirming the important role of white matter changes in the development and progression of cognitive impairment. The full range of the morphological changes in white matter, typical of vascular encephalopathy and cognitive dysfunction, is presented. Chronic hypoperfusion and white matter ischaemia play a leading role in the pathogenesis of white matter changes in vascular dementia development, but alternative hypotheses are also emerging. Further fundamental morphological and clinical studies will help to determine the leading mechanisms of white matter damage in patients with vascular and other age-related forms of dementia. This is necessary for the development of effective methods of treatment and prevention.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":"450 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77700048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Polushin, I. Skiba, E. Bakin, M. D. Vladovskaya, I. Moiseev, I. Voznyuk, A. Kulagin
Introduction. More than 50,000 haematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs) are performed worldwide each year to treat malignant blood cancers, solid tumours, bone marrow aplasia, primary immunodeficiency conditions, autoimmune disorders, and storage disorders. The success of HSCTs depends on many factors, including patient's past medical history. Purpose. To assess the effect of an acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) that occurred before the HSCT on the transplantation outcome in patients with blood cancer. Materials and methods. We examined the results of 899 transplantations conducted between 2016 and 2018 at the R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Haematology and Transplantation of the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University. We analysed transplantation parameters, as well as donor and recipient characteristics. Apart from intergroup comparisons, pseudo-randomization was performed using the Propensity Score Matching method. The survival rate analysis was conducted using the KaplanMeier estimate and the log rank test. Results. Sixteen patients (1.8%) had cerebrovascular events in their past history before the HSCT: ischaemic stroke in 0.4% of cases and haemorrhagic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage in 1.4% of cases. Patients with a history of cerebrovascular events included more people with leukaemia (p = 0.02), had more often received an allogenic transplant (р = 0.01), the donors more often had a partial rather than a full HLA match with the recipient (р = 0.06), had a lower body mass index (р = 0.02), and a lower Karnofsky/Lansky score (р = 0.01) than patients in the control group. The presence of a cardiovascular event had a statistically significant association with reduced overall survival rate of HSCT recipients (р = 0.0012). Conclusion. Patients with blood cancer and stroke preceding the transplantation do not typically have any 'classical' risk factors (diabetes mellitus, venous system disorders, decreased cardiac output, significant atherosclerotic changes in precerebral arteries), therefore, secondary prevention guidelines for CVA during treatment of the main disease may not be effective and cannot be relied on. This article discusses the most likely causes of CVA in patients with blood cancer. A history of CVA before HSCT may have a significant effect on the transplantation outcome, but is not a contraindication for this treatment method. Recipient selection is a very important stage in HSCT planning. A multidisciplinary team should find a balance between the indications and contraindications for performing HSCT from an unrelated donor.
{"title":"Stroke before a haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potential risk factor for poor response to therapy in patients with blood cancer","authors":"A. Polushin, I. Skiba, E. Bakin, M. D. Vladovskaya, I. Moiseev, I. Voznyuk, A. Kulagin","doi":"10.54101/acen.2022.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2022.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. More than 50,000 haematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs) are performed worldwide each year to treat malignant blood cancers, solid tumours, bone marrow aplasia, primary immunodeficiency conditions, autoimmune disorders, and storage disorders. The success of HSCTs depends on many factors, including patient's past medical history. \u0000Purpose. To assess the effect of an acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) that occurred before the HSCT on the transplantation outcome in patients with blood cancer. \u0000Materials and methods. We examined the results of 899 transplantations conducted between 2016 and 2018 at the R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Haematology and Transplantation of the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University. We analysed transplantation parameters, as well as donor and recipient characteristics. Apart from intergroup comparisons, pseudo-randomization was performed using the Propensity Score Matching method. The survival rate analysis was conducted using the KaplanMeier estimate and the log rank test. \u0000Results. Sixteen patients (1.8%) had cerebrovascular events in their past history before the HSCT: ischaemic stroke in 0.4% of cases and haemorrhagic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage in 1.4% of cases. Patients with a history of cerebrovascular events included more people with leukaemia (p = 0.02), had more often received an allogenic transplant (р = 0.01), the donors more often had a partial rather than a full HLA match with the recipient (р = 0.06), had a lower body mass index (р = 0.02), and a lower Karnofsky/Lansky score (р = 0.01) than patients in the control group. The presence of a cardiovascular event had a statistically significant association with reduced overall survival rate of HSCT recipients (р = 0.0012). \u0000Conclusion. Patients with blood cancer and stroke preceding the transplantation do not typically have any 'classical' risk factors (diabetes mellitus, venous system disorders, decreased cardiac output, significant atherosclerotic changes in precerebral arteries), therefore, secondary prevention guidelines for CVA during treatment of the main disease may not be effective and cannot be relied on. This article discusses the most likely causes of CVA in patients with blood cancer. A history of CVA before HSCT may have a significant effect on the transplantation outcome, but is not a contraindication for this treatment method. Recipient selection is a very important stage in HSCT planning. A multidisciplinary team should find a balance between the indications and contraindications for performing HSCT from an unrelated donor.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88687001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Dobrynina, Z. S. Gadzhieva, K. Shamtieva, E. Kremneva, B. M. Akhmetzyanov, M. M. Tsypushtanova, A. G. Makarova, V. V. Trubitsyna, M. Krotenkova
Introduction. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), associated with age and vascular risk factors, as well as the main cause of vascular and degenerative mixed cognitive impairment (CI). Previously established microstructural predictors of CI (axial diffusion in normal-appearing periventricular white matter of the posterior left frontal lobe, the right midcingulate cortex, and the middle posterior part of the corpus callosum) can be used to calculate an integrative factor, exceeding the threshold value for which indicates the presence of CI. The use of this factor in the diagnosis of CI in CSVD is supported by the fact that leading mechanisms of CSVD are involved in the damage to areas of the brain that are strategic for CI. The aim of this study was to clarify the link between the known microstructural predictors of CI in CSVD and MRI findings that correspond to the main mechanisms of CSVD. Materials and methods. Patients (n = 74; including 48 women; average age 60.6 6.9 years) with CSVD and CI of varying severity underwent phase-contrast MRI and voxel-based morphometry (3T) to assess arterial, venous and CSF flow, as well as atrophy. Results. The established microstructural predictors of CI correlated with measures of arterial and venous blood flow, as well as atrophy. Linear regression models allow us to estimate cognitive impairment (CI) predictors in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), based on increased arterial velocity pulse index, CSF flow at the level of the cerebral aqueduct, cerebral aqueduct area and lateral ventricles volume, when there is reduced blood flow in the superior sagittal sinus and the overall arterial blood flow. Conclusion. The ability to calculate microstructural predictors of CI due to CSVD, based on MRI findings, indicates the validity of using an integrative measure of microstructural predictors of CI as a diagnostic tool of CI in CSVD.
{"title":"Relations of impaired blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid flow with damage of strategic for cognitive impairment brain regiones in cerebral small vessel disease","authors":"L. Dobrynina, Z. S. Gadzhieva, K. Shamtieva, E. Kremneva, B. M. Akhmetzyanov, M. M. Tsypushtanova, A. G. Makarova, V. V. Trubitsyna, M. Krotenkova","doi":"10.54101/acen.2022.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2022.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), associated with age and vascular risk factors, as well as the main cause of vascular and degenerative mixed cognitive impairment (CI). Previously established microstructural predictors of CI (axial diffusion in normal-appearing periventricular white matter of the posterior left frontal lobe, the right midcingulate cortex, and the middle posterior part of the corpus callosum) can be used to calculate an integrative factor, exceeding the threshold value for which indicates the presence of CI. The use of this factor in the diagnosis of CI in CSVD is supported by the fact that leading mechanisms of CSVD are involved in the damage to areas of the brain that are strategic for CI. \u0000The aim of this study was to clarify the link between the known microstructural predictors of CI in CSVD and MRI findings that correspond to the main mechanisms of CSVD. \u0000Materials and methods. Patients (n = 74; including 48 women; average age 60.6 6.9 years) with CSVD and CI of varying severity underwent phase-contrast MRI and voxel-based morphometry (3T) to assess arterial, venous and CSF flow, as well as atrophy. \u0000Results. The established microstructural predictors of CI correlated with measures of arterial and venous blood flow, as well as atrophy. Linear regression models allow us to estimate cognitive impairment (CI) predictors in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), based on increased arterial velocity pulse index, CSF flow at the level of the cerebral aqueduct, cerebral aqueduct area and lateral ventricles volume, when there is reduced blood flow in the superior sagittal sinus and the overall arterial blood flow. \u0000Conclusion. The ability to calculate microstructural predictors of CI due to CSVD, based on MRI findings, indicates the validity of using an integrative measure of microstructural predictors of CI as a diagnostic tool of CI in CSVD.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86989237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Karakulova, Tatyana V. Baidina, N. V. Selyanina, V. Shestakov
October 2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Department of neurology and medical genetics at the Perm State Medical University. The article presents a historical perspective, the main clinical and research achievements, and development prospects for the department.
{"title":"For the 100th anniversary of the Department of neurology in Perm","authors":"Y. Karakulova, Tatyana V. Baidina, N. V. Selyanina, V. Shestakov","doi":"10.54101/acen.2022.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2022.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"October 2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Department of neurology and medical genetics at the Perm State Medical University. The article presents a historical perspective, the main clinical and research achievements, and development prospects for the department.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81016050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Varako, D. V. Arkhipova, M. Kovyazina, D. G. Yusupova, A. Zaytsev, A. Zimin, Anastasiia V. Solomina, P. Bundhun, Nicha M. Ramchandani, Nataliya A. Suponeva, M. Piradov
Introduction. Timely identification of cognitive impairment is very important, with standardized screening instruments required to assess the cognitive status. However, the arsenal of such screening scales available to clinicians in Russia is limited and requires expansion. According to numerous international studies, the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) has the necessary sensitivity and specificity, which speaks well for developing and validating a Russian language version. The aim of the study was the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III). Materials and methods. A forward and back translation was performed of three versions of the scale and the scoring guidelines. A preliminary version of the ACE-III was developed, pilot testing of the preliminary version was conducted, and a final Russian language version was then developed with the help of a philologist/linguist, and experts in neuropsychology and neurology, who work specifically with patients with cognitive impairments. Pilot testing of the preliminary version of the ACE-III involved 16 neurological patients at the Research Center of Neurology and the Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Centre, who were aged 3774 (60.25 10.8) years and 56% of whom were women. The patients clinical condition corresponded to the diagnostic criteria for cerebrovascular disease (n = 12), Parkinson's disease (n = 3) and spinocerebellar ataxia (n = 1). Results. Neither the subjects nor the examiners had any difficulty in understanding the instructions or the content during testing. Further work was done based on the results of the pilot testing, and three final versions of the scale (A, B and C) were accepted, as well as the scoring guidelines, a link to which is provided in the article. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate that the developed version of the ACE-III can be understood by the Russian-speaking population and can be used in clinical practice. At the time of article publication, research is being conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the final Russian language version.
{"title":"The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III): linguistic and cultural adaptation into Russian","authors":"N. Varako, D. V. Arkhipova, M. Kovyazina, D. G. Yusupova, A. Zaytsev, A. Zimin, Anastasiia V. Solomina, P. Bundhun, Nicha M. Ramchandani, Nataliya A. Suponeva, M. Piradov","doi":"10.54101/acen.2022.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2022.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Timely identification of cognitive impairment is very important, with standardized screening instruments required to assess the cognitive status. However, the arsenal of such screening scales available to clinicians in Russia is limited and requires expansion. According to numerous international studies, the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) has the necessary sensitivity and specificity, which speaks well for developing and validating a Russian language version. \u0000The aim of the study was the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III). \u0000Materials and methods. A forward and back translation was performed of three versions of the scale and the scoring guidelines. A preliminary version of the ACE-III was developed, pilot testing of the preliminary version was conducted, and a final Russian language version was then developed with the help of a philologist/linguist, and experts in neuropsychology and neurology, who work specifically with patients with cognitive impairments. Pilot testing of the preliminary version of the ACE-III involved 16 neurological patients at the Research Center of Neurology and the Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Centre, who were aged 3774 (60.25 10.8) years and 56% of whom were women. The patients clinical condition corresponded to the diagnostic criteria for cerebrovascular disease (n = 12), Parkinson's disease (n = 3) and spinocerebellar ataxia (n = 1). \u0000Results. Neither the subjects nor the examiners had any difficulty in understanding the instructions or the content during testing. Further work was done based on the results of the pilot testing, and three final versions of the scale (A, B and C) were accepted, as well as the scoring guidelines, a link to which is provided in the article. \u0000Conclusion. The obtained results indicate that the developed version of the ACE-III can be understood by the Russian-speaking population and can be used in clinical practice. At the time of article publication, research is being conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the final Russian language version.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76798845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kotov, O. Sidorova, E. Borodataya, I. Vasilenko, Alexander V. Borodin
Three case studies of adults with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy with and without neurological symptoms are presented. An elevated blood lactate level and changes in the activity of the mitochondrial enzymes in peripheral blood lymphocytes were noted. Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (G3460A in one patient and G11778A in two patients) were found. The patient with a G3460A mutation, in addition to reduced visual acuity, was diagnosed with a cerebellar disorder due to cerebellar vermis hypoplasia. These changes are indications for prescribing energotropic drugs (idebenone, carnitine); carnosine can also be prescribed. These case studies show that patients with optic nerve atrophy should be assessed for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Differential diagnosis with multiple sclerosis should be performed, since this condition often presents as optic neuropathy.
{"title":"Clinical observations of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy with and without neurological symptoms","authors":"S. Kotov, O. Sidorova, E. Borodataya, I. Vasilenko, Alexander V. Borodin","doi":"10.54101/acen.2022.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2022.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Three case studies of adults with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy with and without neurological symptoms are presented. An elevated blood lactate level and changes in the activity of the mitochondrial enzymes in peripheral blood lymphocytes were noted. Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (G3460A in one patient and G11778A in two patients) were found. The patient with a G3460A mutation, in addition to reduced visual acuity, was diagnosed with a cerebellar disorder due to cerebellar vermis hypoplasia. These changes are indications for prescribing energotropic drugs (idebenone, carnitine); carnosine can also be prescribed. These case studies show that patients with optic nerve atrophy should be assessed for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Differential diagnosis with multiple sclerosis should be performed, since this condition often presents as optic neuropathy.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79523468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Panina, Yu. A. Uspenskaya, O. Lopatina, A. Salmina
Introduction. The control of the survival and differentiation of immature neurons in the piriform cortex of rodents, which can transform into GABAergic and/or glutamatergic neurons under the influence of olfactory stimuli, is an important factor for prevention of neurological dysfunction. The aim of the study was to assess the expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons after olfactory stimulation (OS) in the mouse piriform cortex during postnatal development. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on CD1 male mice aged 2 (n = 20; group Р2), 21 (n = 20; group Р21) and 60 (n = 20; group Р60) days. The mice were presented with olfactory stimuli, and brain tissue was collected for immunohistochemical analysis 2 hours, 24 hours and 7 days later, to assess glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1) expression. Results. OS in the group P2 animals increased VGlut1 expression in the first 2 hours after OS, followed by a return to baseline level by day 7, while GAD67 expression showed no significant changes. The animals in group P21 showed increased expression of VGlut1 and GAD67 two hours after OS, followed by a significant decrease. Expression of both molecules demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the group P60 animals 24 hours after OS, and remained at the same level on day 7 (GAD67) or returned to baseline levels (VGlut1). Conclusion. OS increases the number of GABAergic (GAD67+) и glutamatergic (VGlut1+) neurons in the piriform cortex (P60). The predominance of glutamatergic effects is a possible mechanism for associative memory cell recruitment.
{"title":"Expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons after olfactory stimulation in the mouse piriform cortex during postnatal development","authors":"Y. Panina, Yu. A. Uspenskaya, O. Lopatina, A. Salmina","doi":"10.54101/acen.2022.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2022.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The control of the survival and differentiation of immature neurons in the piriform cortex of rodents, which can transform into GABAergic and/or glutamatergic neurons under the influence of olfactory stimuli, is an important factor for prevention of neurological dysfunction. \u0000The aim of the study was to assess the expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons after olfactory stimulation (OS) in the mouse piriform cortex during postnatal development. \u0000Materials and methods. The study was carried out on CD1 male mice aged 2 (n = 20; group Р2), 21 (n = 20; group Р21) and 60 (n = 20; group Р60) days. The mice were presented with olfactory stimuli, and brain tissue was collected for immunohistochemical analysis 2 hours, 24 hours and 7 days later, to assess glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1) expression. \u0000Results. OS in the group P2 animals increased VGlut1 expression in the first 2 hours after OS, followed by a return to baseline level by day 7, while GAD67 expression showed no significant changes. The animals in group P21 showed increased expression of VGlut1 and GAD67 two hours after OS, followed by a significant decrease. Expression of both molecules demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the group P60 animals 24 hours after OS, and remained at the same level on day 7 (GAD67) or returned to baseline levels (VGlut1). \u0000Conclusion. OS increases the number of GABAergic (GAD67+) и glutamatergic (VGlut1+) neurons in the piriform cortex (P60). The predominance of glutamatergic effects is a possible mechanism for associative memory cell recruitment.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82076989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Krasakov, N. I. Davydova, Anastasiya A. Kalashnikova, I. Litvinenko, S. Aleksanin, N. Makarova
Introduction. T cells play a significant role in neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD). Gamma delta T cells are an under-researched 'minor' subpopulation of T cells. An assessment of the immune system in patients with PD, with a focus on Т cells, provides new data on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the study was to examine the lymphocyte subpopulations, nonclassical Т cells, as well as cytokine production in patients with 3 stage PD complicated by motor fluctuations. Materials and methods. We examined 20 patients with 3 stage PD receiving dopaminergic combination therapy (main group) and 20 age-matched patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease (comparison group). Considering the suspected role of chronic constipation in maintaining dysbiosis and chronic inflammation in patients with PD, the presence of constipation was an inclusion criterion for this study. The subpopulation profile of the peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed using flow cytofluorometry, as well as cytokine levels using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results. It was found that the number of mature CD3+ T cells with or chains as the T-cell receptors (TCR) in the lymphocyte population was significantly lower in patients with PD median 74% (57.383.5)) than in the comparison group (median 80% (73.086.0); р = 0.014. There was also a statistically significant reduction in the number of CD3+CD56+ natural killer (NK) T cells in the group of patients with PD vs. the comparison group 4.7% (1.37.7) vs. 7.8% (0.824); р = 0.036. At the same time, the number of CD3CD56+ NK cells was significantly higher in the group of patients with PD (16.4% (934)) vs. the comparison group 8.7% (515); р = 0.001. Moreover, the main group had a statistically significantly higher number of activated CD3CD8+ NK cells 7% (4.513.5) vs. the comparison group 3.5% (0.864.9); р 0.001. Out of the total number of Т cells, the TCR CD4+CD8 subpopulation was statistically smaller in the group of patients with PD 13.6% (6.227.0) than in the comparison group 29.8% (4.052.1); р = 0.016. The study of cytokine levels in the group of patients with PD showed a significant increase in the induced production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), as well as a high (aberrant) spontaneous production of IL-10, which was 227.5 pg/ml in patients with PD when the normal range is 023 pg/ml. The correlation analysis showed that the TCR CD4+CD8 subpopulation and cytokines in the group of patients with PD had a statistically significant (p = 0.048) negative correlation with the induced production of IL-10 (r = 0.745) and a significant (p = 0.042) positive correlation with the induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 (r = 0.648). There was a trend towards increased spontaneous production of IL-10 (r = 0.602; p = 0.0506) as the level of the TCR CD4+CD8 T helper cells decreased. Conclusion. Changes were found in the blood of patients with PD, which indicate a chronic inflammatory process: incr
{"title":"Features of innate and adaptive immunity in patients with Parkinson's disease","authors":"I. Krasakov, N. I. Davydova, Anastasiya A. Kalashnikova, I. Litvinenko, S. Aleksanin, N. Makarova","doi":"10.54101/acen.2022.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2022.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. T cells play a significant role in neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD). Gamma delta T cells are an under-researched 'minor' subpopulation of T cells. An assessment of the immune system in patients with PD, with a focus on Т cells, provides new data on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. \u0000The aim of the study was to examine the lymphocyte subpopulations, nonclassical Т cells, as well as cytokine production in patients with 3 stage PD complicated by motor fluctuations. \u0000Materials and methods. We examined 20 patients with 3 stage PD receiving dopaminergic combination therapy (main group) and 20 age-matched patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease (comparison group). Considering the suspected role of chronic constipation in maintaining dysbiosis and chronic inflammation in patients with PD, the presence of constipation was an inclusion criterion for this study. The subpopulation profile of the peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed using flow cytofluorometry, as well as cytokine levels using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. \u0000Results. It was found that the number of mature CD3+ T cells with or chains as the T-cell receptors (TCR) in the lymphocyte population was significantly lower in patients with PD median 74% (57.383.5)) than in the comparison group (median 80% (73.086.0); р = 0.014. There was also a statistically significant reduction in the number of CD3+CD56+ natural killer (NK) T cells in the group of patients with PD vs. the comparison group 4.7% (1.37.7) vs. 7.8% (0.824); р = 0.036. At the same time, the number of CD3CD56+ NK cells was significantly higher in the group of patients with PD (16.4% (934)) vs. the comparison group 8.7% (515); р = 0.001. Moreover, the main group had a statistically significantly higher number of activated CD3CD8+ NK cells 7% (4.513.5) vs. the comparison group 3.5% (0.864.9); р 0.001. Out of the total number of Т cells, the TCR CD4+CD8 subpopulation was statistically smaller in the group of patients with PD 13.6% (6.227.0) than in the comparison group 29.8% (4.052.1); р = 0.016. The study of cytokine levels in the group of patients with PD showed a significant increase in the induced production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), as well as a high (aberrant) spontaneous production of IL-10, which was 227.5 pg/ml in patients with PD when the normal range is 023 pg/ml. The correlation analysis showed that the TCR CD4+CD8 subpopulation and cytokines in the group of patients with PD had a statistically significant (p = 0.048) negative correlation with the induced production of IL-10 (r = 0.745) and a significant (p = 0.042) positive correlation with the induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 (r = 0.648). There was a trend towards increased spontaneous production of IL-10 (r = 0.602; p = 0.0506) as the level of the TCR CD4+CD8 T helper cells decreased. \u0000Conclusion. Changes were found in the blood of patients with PD, which indicate a chronic inflammatory process: incr","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80537685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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