Maria V. Ryazanova, Anton S. Averchuk, Alla V. Stavrovskaya, Natalia A. Rozanova, Svetlana V. Novikova, Alla B. Salmina
Introduction. Arc/Arg3.1 is a common marker of neuronal activation for learning and memorizing. Some experimental data show the Arc/Arg3.1 expression in the post-mitotic neurons of the neurogenic niches. At the same time, we still have to understand the importance of such an expression for neurogenesis induced by the learning or memorizing processes, in health and in disease.
Objective: to evaluate the changes in Arc/Arg3.1 expression in the post-mitotic neurons and to assess the proliferative activity of the neurogenic niche cells in Alzheimer's disease animal models.
Materials and methods. We divided the C57Bl/6В mice into 2 groups: experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The experimental group were injected with the amyloid- oligomers 2535 in their CA1 hippocampal region while the control mice received normal saline injections in the same region. Passive Avoidance Test (PAT) was used to assess the cognitive functions from the day 9 after the intervention. One hour after each test session we collected the samples of brain tissues to immunohistochemically assess them for the Arc/Arg3.1 expression and PCNA cell proliferation marker.
Results. At day 11 the count of Arc/Arg3.1+NeuN+ cells in the subgranular zone had significantly increased. In animal neurodegeneration models the 1st and 2nd PAT sessions were associated with a significant increase in Arc/Arg3.1+NeuN+ cells, although by the day 11 their count significantly decreased. The count of Arc/Arg3.1+ cells in the subventricular and subgranular zones had increased after the 3rd PAT session in the control group while in Alzheimer's disease animal models this was observed only after the 2nd PAT session. Preserved Arc/Arg3.1 expression in the subventricular zone is associated with the increased PCNA cell prolifera- tion marker expression. At the same time, the toxic effect of the amyloid- oligomers suppressed the cells' proliferative activity in the subgranular zone at day 9.
Conclusions. Despite the toxic effect of the amyloid- oligomers 2535, the post-mitotic neurons of the neurogenic niches retained the ability to express Arc/Arg3.1 in vivo. The obtained results show a transient increase in sensitivity of the post-mitotic neurons of the neurogenic niches for the learning stimuli in the early stages of the Alzheimer-type neurodegeneration.
{"title":"Arc/Arg3.1 expression in the brain tissues during the learning process in Alzheimer's disease animal models","authors":"Maria V. Ryazanova, Anton S. Averchuk, Alla V. Stavrovskaya, Natalia A. Rozanova, Svetlana V. Novikova, Alla B. Salmina","doi":"10.54101/acen.2023.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2023.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Arc/Arg3.1 is a common marker of neuronal activation for learning and memorizing. Some experimental data show the Arc/Arg3.1 expression in the post-mitotic neurons of the neurogenic niches. At the same time, we still have to understand the importance of such an expression for neurogenesis induced by the learning or memorizing processes, in health and in disease.
 Objective: to evaluate the changes in Arc/Arg3.1 expression in the post-mitotic neurons and to assess the proliferative activity of the neurogenic niche cells in Alzheimer's disease animal models.
 Materials and methods. We divided the C57Bl/6В mice into 2 groups: experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The experimental group were injected with the amyloid- oligomers 2535 in their CA1 hippocampal region while the control mice received normal saline injections in the same region. Passive Avoidance Test (PAT) was used to assess the cognitive functions from the day 9 after the intervention. One hour after each test session we collected the samples of brain tissues to immunohistochemically assess them for the Arc/Arg3.1 expression and PCNA cell proliferation marker.
 Results. At day 11 the count of Arc/Arg3.1+NeuN+ cells in the subgranular zone had significantly increased. In animal neurodegeneration models the 1st and 2nd PAT sessions were associated with a significant increase in Arc/Arg3.1+NeuN+ cells, although by the day 11 their count significantly decreased. The count of Arc/Arg3.1+ cells in the subventricular and subgranular zones had increased after the 3rd PAT session in the control group while in Alzheimer's disease animal models this was observed only after the 2nd PAT session. Preserved Arc/Arg3.1 expression in the subventricular zone is associated with the increased PCNA cell prolifera- tion marker expression. At the same time, the toxic effect of the amyloid- oligomers suppressed the cells' proliferative activity in the subgranular zone at day 9.
 Conclusions. Despite the toxic effect of the amyloid- oligomers 2535, the post-mitotic neurons of the neurogenic niches retained the ability to express Arc/Arg3.1 in vivo. The obtained results show a transient increase in sensitivity of the post-mitotic neurons of the neurogenic niches for the learning stimuli in the early stages of the Alzheimer-type neurodegeneration.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yulia V. Karakulova, Gayane Z. Kloyan, Sergey V. Muravev, Ivan D. Shitoev, Vladislav N. Nikitin, Maria D. Ivanova
Objective: to investigate pathophysiology and biomechanics of the nerve stretching and to form a biomechanical model of a nerve stretch injury.
Materials and methods. We analyzed and summarized the data from open access sources (eLibrary, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed) with unlimited search depth. A search was performed using the following keywords: растяжение нерва (English: nerve stretching), stretching nerve, biomechanical nerve stretching, nerve stretching injury.
Results. Here are presented key historical information and biochemical, neurophysiological, and biomechanical events related to a nerve stretch injury. Objective experimental data on the nerve stretching process are summarized.
Conclusions. A nerve is a heterogeneous elastic cord, which can be slightly stretched under physiological conditions due to the involvement of its sheath structures. In a stretched nerve, ischemic lesions have an early onset and further become irreversible. Nerve conduction disorders occur, resulting in a severe neurological deficit. When the nerve is stretched by more than a third, it ruptures and the sequence in which fragmented neural structures occur during nerve tension remains unclear.
目的:探讨神经拉伸的病理生理学和生物力学，建立神经拉伸损伤的生物力学模型。材料和方法。我们以无限的搜索深度分析和总结了来自开放获取资源(eLibrary, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed)的数据。使用以下关键词进行检索:растяжение нерва(英文:nerve stretching)，神经拉伸，生物力学神经拉伸，神经拉伸损伤。
结果。这里介绍了与神经拉伸损伤相关的关键历史信息和生化、神经生理学和生物力学事件。客观总结了神经伸展过程的实验数据。
结论。神经是一种不均匀的弹性索，由于其鞘结构的参与，在生理条件下可以轻微拉伸。在拉伸的神经中，缺血性病变早发，并进一步变得不可逆转。神经传导紊乱，导致严重的神经功能缺损。当神经被拉伸超过三分之一时，它就会断裂，神经紧张时神经结构碎片的顺序尚不清楚。
{"title":"Pathophysiology and biomechanics of stretch-induced peripheral nerve injuries","authors":"Yulia V. Karakulova, Gayane Z. Kloyan, Sergey V. Muravev, Ivan D. Shitoev, Vladislav N. Nikitin, Maria D. Ivanova","doi":"10.54101/acen.2023.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2023.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to investigate pathophysiology and biomechanics of the nerve stretching and to form a biomechanical model of a nerve stretch injury.
 Materials and methods. We analyzed and summarized the data from open access sources (eLibrary, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed) with unlimited search depth. A search was performed using the following keywords: растяжение нерва (English: nerve stretching), stretching nerve, biomechanical nerve stretching, nerve stretching injury.
 Results. Here are presented key historical information and biochemical, neurophysiological, and biomechanical events related to a nerve stretch injury. Objective experimental data on the nerve stretching process are summarized.
 Conclusions. A nerve is a heterogeneous elastic cord, which can be slightly stretched under physiological conditions due to the involvement of its sheath structures. In a stretched nerve, ischemic lesions have an early onset and further become irreversible. Nerve conduction disorders occur, resulting in a severe neurological deficit. When the nerve is stretched by more than a third, it ruptures and the sequence in which fragmented neural structures occur during nerve tension remains unclear.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iuliia Y. Nekrasova, Andrey V. Grechko, Mikhail Kanarskii, Ilya V. Borisov, Pranil Pradhan, Aleksey V Mukhin, Dmitry S. Yankevich, Marina V. Petrova
Introduction. There is a worldwide lack of statistical data about the patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC). In Russia, there are no such data at all.
Objective: to perform the first study in Russia to assess the survival rate and changes in the level of consciousness in outpatients with the chronic DOC after their hospital discharge as well as to identify the predictors of survival and improvement in the level of consciousness.
Materials and methods. All the participants (n = 142) underwent their treatment and rehabilitation in Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology from January 2016 to January 2020. We recorded the changes in patient's vital status and their level of consciousness at the endpoints of 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months from the brain injury (both for hospital and outpatient stages). We used the KaplanMeier method to assess the survival rate. We also used the logistic regression model to determine the correlation between the predictors of the survival and the improvement in the level of consciousness at baseline and 36 months after the injury.
Results. The mortality rate in the study group 3 years after the brain injury was 86.6%. Regardless of the survival rate, the level of consciousness had significantly improved (i.e., they regained communication) in 22.5% of patients within 3 years after the index event. The statistically significant final model of the regression analysis (for 142 patients) showed that younger age and higher overall CRS-R score improved the survival rate. The logistic regression model used to determine the predictors of the improvement in the level of consciousness among the survivors gave no significant results.
Conclusions. High mortality rate among the outpatients, whose level of consciousness had improved at discharge, proves the ineffectiveness of the outpatient rehabilitation. Thus, we need to find a way to improve it. The authors hope that the data obtained in this study will form the basis of their research.
{"title":"Three-year survival rate and changes in the level of consciousness in outpatients after severe brain injuries","authors":"Iuliia Y. Nekrasova, Andrey V. Grechko, Mikhail Kanarskii, Ilya V. Borisov, Pranil Pradhan, Aleksey V Mukhin, Dmitry S. Yankevich, Marina V. Petrova","doi":"10.54101/acen.2023.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2023.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. There is a worldwide lack of statistical data about the patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC). In Russia, there are no such data at all.
 Objective: to perform the first study in Russia to assess the survival rate and changes in the level of consciousness in outpatients with the chronic DOC after their hospital discharge as well as to identify the predictors of survival and improvement in the level of consciousness.
 Materials and methods. All the participants (n = 142) underwent their treatment and rehabilitation in Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology from January 2016 to January 2020. We recorded the changes in patient's vital status and their level of consciousness at the endpoints of 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months from the brain injury (both for hospital and outpatient stages). We used the KaplanMeier method to assess the survival rate. We also used the logistic regression model to determine the correlation between the predictors of the survival and the improvement in the level of consciousness at baseline and 36 months after the injury.
 Results. The mortality rate in the study group 3 years after the brain injury was 86.6%. Regardless of the survival rate, the level of consciousness had significantly improved (i.e., they regained communication) in 22.5% of patients within 3 years after the index event. The statistically significant final model of the regression analysis (for 142 patients) showed that younger age and higher overall CRS-R score improved the survival rate. The logistic regression model used to determine the predictors of the improvement in the level of consciousness among the survivors gave no significant results.
 Conclusions. High mortality rate among the outpatients, whose level of consciousness had improved at discharge, proves the ineffectiveness of the outpatient rehabilitation. Thus, we need to find a way to improve it. The authors hope that the data obtained in this study will form the basis of their research.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariya S. Matrosova, Galina N. Belskaya, Vasiliy V. Bryukhov, Ekaterina V. Popova, Marina V. Krotenkova
Objective. To study possible clinical markers associated with the unfavorable course of multiple sclerosis and its transition to a progressive subtype.
Materials and methods. This prospective study included healthy volunteers and patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). For a comprehensive clinical evaluation, the participants completed the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (T25-FW), Nine-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Fatigue test, and MSProDiscuss questionnaires. Then we compared the results between the groups.
Results. We found significant differences between the groups in regard to most of the tests. Furthermore, we proposed a composite clinical score (CCS) based on T25-FW, SDMT, and 9-HPT results (for both hands).
Discussion. Our CCS can be a useful clinical tool to determine the most likely course of multiple sclerosis at a certain timepoint.
{"title":"Clinical markers for unfavorable course of multiple sclerosis","authors":"Mariya S. Matrosova, Galina N. Belskaya, Vasiliy V. Bryukhov, Ekaterina V. Popova, Marina V. Krotenkova","doi":"10.54101/acen.2023.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2023.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study possible clinical markers associated with the unfavorable course of multiple sclerosis and its transition to a progressive subtype.
 Materials and methods. This prospective study included healthy volunteers and patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). For a comprehensive clinical evaluation, the participants completed the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (T25-FW), Nine-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Fatigue test, and MSProDiscuss questionnaires. Then we compared the results between the groups.
 Results. We found significant differences between the groups in regard to most of the tests. Furthermore, we proposed a composite clinical score (CCS) based on T25-FW, SDMT, and 9-HPT results (for both hands).
 Discussion. Our CCS can be a useful clinical tool to determine the most likely course of multiple sclerosis at a certain timepoint.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Each fifth neurodevelopmental disorder is diagnosed in massively parallel sequencing only. Objective: to present the experience of exome sequencing in children with undifferentiated general developmental delay and intellectual disabilities. Materials and methods. We assessed 33 patients (19 males and 14 females) at the age of 4.5 2.4 years with general developmental delay and intellectual disabilities. We studied patients' medical and family histories and their neurological statuses as well as the findings of neuropsychological testing and clinical exome sequencing. Results.The effectiveness of clinical exome sequencing in the sample was 39.4% (MECP2, WDR45, SYNJ1, ADAR, PMM2, SHANK3, KMT5B, UBE3A, PTPN11, CTNNB1, and MTOR mutations). The pathogenic variants were significantly more prevalent in the patients with motor development delay, 53.8% of patients (P .05). Most incident conditions included insomnias (46.2%), autism spectrum disorders (38.5%), developmental regression (38.5%), and epilepsy (38.5%). Genetic disorders were more common in the female patients . Conclusion. With the study results, we can suppose that ca. 40% of patients with undifferentiated general developmental delay and intellectual disabilities had genetic disorders and, therefore, needed further evaluation with molecular genetic testing.
{"title":"Clinical Exome Sequencing in Patients with Undifferentiated General Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disabilities","authors":"D. I, Viktoriya A. Ioksha, T. Proskokova","doi":"10.54101/acen.2023.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2023.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Each fifth neurodevelopmental disorder is diagnosed in massively parallel sequencing only. \u0000Objective: to present the experience of exome sequencing in children with undifferentiated general developmental delay and intellectual disabilities. \u0000Materials and methods. We assessed 33 patients (19 males and 14 females) at the age of 4.5 2.4 years with general developmental delay and intellectual disabilities. We studied patients' medical and family histories and their neurological statuses as well as the findings of neuropsychological testing and clinical exome sequencing. \u0000Results.The effectiveness of clinical exome sequencing in the sample was 39.4% (MECP2, WDR45, SYNJ1, ADAR, PMM2, SHANK3, KMT5B, UBE3A, PTPN11, CTNNB1, and MTOR mutations). The pathogenic variants were significantly more prevalent in the patients with motor development delay, 53.8% of patients (P .05). Most incident conditions included insomnias (46.2%), autism spectrum disorders (38.5%), developmental regression (38.5%), and epilepsy (38.5%). Genetic disorders were more common in the female patients . \u0000Conclusion. With the study results, we can suppose that ca. 40% of patients with undifferentiated general developmental delay and intellectual disabilities had genetic disorders and, therefore, needed further evaluation with molecular genetic testing.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74417358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Voronkov, A. Stavrovskaya, O. Lebedeva, Wen Li, Artem S. Olshansky, Anastasia S. Gushchina, M. R. Kapkaeva, A. Bogomazova, M. Lagarkova, S. Illarioshkin
Introduction. Development of cell therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) requires protocols based on transplantation of neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into the damaged area of the brain. Objective: to characterize neurons transplanted into a rat brain and evaluate neural transplantation efficacy using a PD animal model. Materials and methods. Neurons derived from hiPSCs (IPSRG4S line) were transplanted into the striatum of rats after intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Immunostaining was performed to identify expression of glial and neuronal markers in the transplanted cells within 224 weeks posttransplant. Results. 4 weeks posttransplant we observed increased expression of mature neuron markers, decreased expression of neural progenitor markers, and primary pro-inflammatory response of glial cells in the graft. Differentiation and maturation of neuronal cells in the graft lasted over 3 months. At 3 and 6 months we detected 2 graft zones: one mainly contained the transplanted neurons and the other human astrocytes. We detected human neurites in the corpus callosum and surrounding striatal tissue and large human tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing neurons in the graft. Conclusion. With graft's morphological characteristics identified at different periods we can better understand pathophysiology and temporal patterns of new dopaminergic neurons integration and striatal reinnervation in a rat PD model in the long-term postoperative period.
{"title":"Morphological Changes in Neural Progenitors Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Transplanted into the Striatum of a Parkinson's Disease Rat Model","authors":"D. Voronkov, A. Stavrovskaya, O. Lebedeva, Wen Li, Artem S. Olshansky, Anastasia S. Gushchina, M. R. Kapkaeva, A. Bogomazova, M. Lagarkova, S. Illarioshkin","doi":"10.54101/acen.2023.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2023.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Development of cell therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) requires protocols based on transplantation of neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into the damaged area of the brain. \u0000Objective: to characterize neurons transplanted into a rat brain and evaluate neural transplantation efficacy using a PD animal model. \u0000Materials and methods. Neurons derived from hiPSCs (IPSRG4S line) were transplanted into the striatum of rats after intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Immunostaining was performed to identify expression of glial and neuronal markers in the transplanted cells within 224 weeks posttransplant. \u0000Results. 4 weeks posttransplant we observed increased expression of mature neuron markers, decreased expression of neural progenitor markers, and primary pro-inflammatory response of glial cells in the graft. Differentiation and maturation of neuronal cells in the graft lasted over 3 months. At 3 and 6 months we detected 2 graft zones: one mainly contained the transplanted neurons and the other human astrocytes. We detected human neurites in the corpus callosum and surrounding striatal tissue and large human tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing neurons in the graft. \u0000Conclusion. With graft's morphological characteristics identified at different periods we can better understand pathophysiology and temporal patterns of new dopaminergic neurons integration and striatal reinnervation in a rat PD model in the long-term postoperative period.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86726356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimir A. Chekhonatskiy, O. Dreval, A. Kuznetsov, A. Chekhonatskiy, N. Zakharova, E. Grishina, A. V. Gorozhanin, Vera V. Volna
Introduction. Reintervention in patients with spinal disk herniation is shown to significantly decrease likelihood of favorable outcomes in the postoperative period. Thus, it is important to individually assess risk factors for and likelihood of spinal disk herniation recurrence for each patient, and choose a suitable surgical option. Objective: to evaluate changes in the levels of immunoregulatory mediators in the blood serum and extracted spinal disc tissue of allegedly healthy individuals and patients with lumbar disk herniation relapses. Materials and methods. We examined 60 patients. The control group included 19 patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries at the lumbar level. The main group included 41 patients with spinal disk herniation. Twenty-two individuals had primary herniation while 11 patients presented with single clinical and neurological relapses at the pre-operated lumbar level and 8 patients presented with recurrent relapses. Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay detected proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-), chemokines (interleukin-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-1), and osteodestruction markers (osteoprogesterin, matrix metalloproteinase-8) in the blood serum and the extracted spinal disc tissue. Results. We found that spinal disk destruction and chronic inflammation developed with both locally and generally elevating levels of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinase 8. Conclusion. The results emphasize the significance of local changes in the studied parameters to choose and plan personalized surgical treatment in patients with spinal disk herniation.
{"title":"Role of Inflammatory Mediators, Growth Factors, and Osteodystrophy in Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniation","authors":"Vladimir A. Chekhonatskiy, O. Dreval, A. Kuznetsov, A. Chekhonatskiy, N. Zakharova, E. Grishina, A. V. Gorozhanin, Vera V. Volna","doi":"10.54101/acen.2023.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2023.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Reintervention in patients with spinal disk herniation is shown to significantly decrease likelihood of favorable outcomes in the postoperative period. Thus, it is important to individually assess risk factors for and likelihood of spinal disk herniation recurrence for each patient, and choose a suitable surgical option. \u0000Objective: to evaluate changes in the levels of immunoregulatory mediators in the blood serum and extracted spinal disc tissue of allegedly healthy individuals and patients with lumbar disk herniation relapses. \u0000Materials and methods. We examined 60 patients. The control group included 19 patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries at the lumbar level. The main group included 41 patients with spinal disk herniation. Twenty-two individuals had primary herniation while 11 patients presented with single clinical and neurological relapses at the pre-operated lumbar level and 8 patients presented with recurrent relapses. Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay detected proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-), chemokines (interleukin-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-1), and osteodestruction markers (osteoprogesterin, matrix metalloproteinase-8) in the blood serum and the extracted spinal disc tissue. \u0000Results. We found that spinal disk destruction and chronic inflammation developed with both locally and generally elevating levels of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinase 8. \u0000Conclusion. The results emphasize the significance of local changes in the studied parameters to choose and plan personalized surgical treatment in patients with spinal disk herniation.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89213618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
М.М. Tanashyan, V. Annushkin, A. Raskurazhev, O. Lagoda, Аlla А. Shabalina, R. Medvedev, V. Shchipakin
Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases are predominantly caused by atherosclerosis as a multifactorial chronic condition. Alterations in the hematological system and the blood vessel wall are considered as highly significant for onset and development of cerebrovascular disorders associated with atherosclerosis. Biomarkers as measurable indicators are to verify abnormal activity. Objective: to assess atherogenesis biomarkers in patients after carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) as associated with development of cerebrovascular disease. Materials and methods. We evaluated 50 individuals (50% men, 50% women; average age 65.4 6.4 years) with established cerebrovascular disease associated with brain atherosclerosis. All of them had hemodynamically significant abnormalities in the internal carotid artery (ICA) with both symptomatic (stenosis 60% and more) and asymptomatic (stenosis 70% and more) stenoses confirmed by duplex scanning of the brachiocephalic arteries. All patients underwent CAS as indicated. Before and 1 year after the intervention, we performed clinical and neurological examinations, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and laboratory tests of atherogenesis biomarkers. Results. At baseline, all the individuals demonstrated a pro-atherogenic shift in the assessed indicators, predominantly markers of extracellular matrix degradation, inflammation and atherogenesis (including osteoprotegerin and chromogranin А). Additionally, we established a direct correlation between osteoprotegerin levels and the characteristics of mostly hyperechoic atherosclerotic plaques (r = 0.29; p 0.05). A year later, no signs of restenosis were shown in follow-up ultrasound assessment of stented arteries in any patient. In 1 year post CAS, we found significant changes in the levels of osteoprotegerin (decrease to 1.765 pg/mL [1.592; 1.937]; p 0.05) and chromogranin А (elevation to 31.3 g/L [13.9; 90.7]; p 0.05). Re-assessment demonstrated association between changes in the pattern of the nitrogen oxide system, which tends to improve (NO elevation to 38.23 mol/L [32.95; 43.51]; p 0.001), and atheroprotective shift in the morphology of atherosclerotic plaques and biomarker profile. Conclusion. Prospective, 1-year long observation for patients who underwent CAS for symptomatic/asymptomatic hemodynamically significant ICA stenoses revealed favourable atheroprotective shift in both ultrasound and hematological atherogenesis biomarker ratio. This shift contributed to the absence of cerebral atherosclerosis progression during the follow-up. The process may be mediated by chromogranin А and osteoprotegerin, and their further research is needed from perspective of atherogenesis.
{"title":"Assessment of Biomarker Profile in Patients Post Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting","authors":"М.М. Tanashyan, V. Annushkin, A. Raskurazhev, O. Lagoda, Аlla А. Shabalina, R. Medvedev, V. Shchipakin","doi":"10.54101/acen.2023.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2023.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases are predominantly caused by atherosclerosis as a multifactorial chronic condition. Alterations in the hematological system and the blood vessel wall are considered as highly significant for onset and development of cerebrovascular disorders associated with atherosclerosis. Biomarkers as measurable indicators are to verify abnormal activity. \u0000Objective: to assess atherogenesis biomarkers in patients after carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) as associated with development of cerebrovascular disease. \u0000Materials and methods. We evaluated 50 individuals (50% men, 50% women; average age 65.4 6.4 years) with established cerebrovascular disease associated with brain atherosclerosis. All of them had hemodynamically significant abnormalities in the internal carotid artery (ICA) with both symptomatic (stenosis 60% and more) and asymptomatic (stenosis 70% and more) stenoses confirmed by duplex scanning of the brachiocephalic arteries. All patients underwent CAS as indicated. Before and 1 year after the intervention, we performed clinical and neurological examinations, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and laboratory tests of atherogenesis biomarkers. \u0000Results. At baseline, all the individuals demonstrated a pro-atherogenic shift in the assessed indicators, predominantly markers of extracellular matrix degradation, inflammation and atherogenesis (including osteoprotegerin and chromogranin А). Additionally, we established a direct correlation between osteoprotegerin levels and the characteristics of mostly hyperechoic atherosclerotic plaques (r = 0.29; p 0.05). A year later, no signs of restenosis were shown in follow-up ultrasound assessment of stented arteries in any patient. \u0000In 1 year post CAS, we found significant changes in the levels of osteoprotegerin (decrease to 1.765 pg/mL [1.592; 1.937]; p 0.05) and chromogranin А (elevation to 31.3 g/L [13.9; 90.7]; p 0.05). Re-assessment demonstrated association between changes in the pattern of the nitrogen oxide system, which tends to improve (NO elevation to 38.23 mol/L [32.95; 43.51]; p 0.001), and atheroprotective shift in the morphology of atherosclerotic plaques and biomarker profile. \u0000Conclusion. Prospective, 1-year long observation for patients who underwent CAS for symptomatic/asymptomatic hemodynamically significant ICA stenoses revealed favourable atheroprotective shift in both ultrasound and hematological atherogenesis biomarker ratio. This shift contributed to the absence of cerebral atherosclerosis progression during the follow-up. The process may be mediated by chromogranin А and osteoprotegerin, and their further research is needed from perspective of atherogenesis.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74452159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. R. Rakhmatullin, M. Kutlubaev, A. T. Khayrullin
Introduction. COVID-19-related stroke is associated with a significantly higher mortality than COVID-19 or stroke alone. Mechanisms underlying the increased mortality of patients with stroke and COVID-19 should be thoroughly studied. Objective: to analyze predictors of hospital mortality associated with COVID-19-related stroke. Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed 1,386 cases of COVID-19-related stroke reported by an infectious diseases inpatient clinic in 2020. We studied clinical, laboratory, and instrumental parameters in patients with different outcomes. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of mortality. Results. 539 (38.9%) patients died during their hospital stay, with 437 (38.0%) deaths from ischemic stroke and 102 (42.7%) deaths from hemorrhagic stroke (p = 0.0001). Independent predictors of mortality associated with COVID-19-related stroke included age, neurological deficit severity measured by NIHSS, COVID-19 severity, and laboratory parameters including white blood cell count, creatinine, glucose, and D-dimer blood levels. Discussion. The results of logistic regression analysis were able to explain only 41% of the variability in hospital deaths among patients with stroke associated with COVID-19. Conclusion. Hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19-related stroke is associated with severity of inflammatory response, impaired coagulation, age, neurological deficit severity, and somatic comorbidities.
{"title":"Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients with COVID-19 Related Stroke","authors":"A. R. Rakhmatullin, M. Kutlubaev, A. T. Khayrullin","doi":"10.54101/acen.2023.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2023.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. COVID-19-related stroke is associated with a significantly higher mortality than COVID-19 or stroke alone. Mechanisms underlying the increased mortality of patients with stroke and COVID-19 should be thoroughly studied. \u0000Objective: to analyze predictors of hospital mortality associated with COVID-19-related stroke. \u0000Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed 1,386 cases of COVID-19-related stroke reported by an infectious diseases inpatient clinic in 2020. We studied clinical, laboratory, and instrumental parameters in patients with different outcomes. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of mortality. \u0000Results. 539 (38.9%) patients died during their hospital stay, with 437 (38.0%) deaths from ischemic stroke and 102 (42.7%) deaths from hemorrhagic stroke (p = 0.0001). Independent predictors of mortality associated with COVID-19-related stroke included age, neurological deficit severity measured by NIHSS, COVID-19 severity, and laboratory parameters including white blood cell count, creatinine, glucose, and D-dimer blood levels. \u0000Discussion. The results of logistic regression analysis were able to explain only 41% of the variability in hospital deaths among patients with stroke associated with COVID-19. \u0000Conclusion. Hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19-related stroke is associated with severity of inflammatory response, impaired coagulation, age, neurological deficit severity, and somatic comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88748398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valeriya A. Malko, G. Bisaga, M. Topuzova, I. Ternovykh, T. Alekseeva
The COVID-19 pandemic calls for correct and evidence-based decisions regarding management and treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. Information on researches, clinical cases, and recommendations for treatment of such patients during the pandemic should be classified. We report COVID-19 features in patients with multiple sclerosis, risk factors for infection and development of severe disease. We also describe management strategies for multiple sclerosis: from relapse treatment to the selection of disease-modifying therapies focusing on patients safety. We analyze the latest observational and comparative studies, clinical cases of multiple sclerosis patients vaccination and demyelinating disease onset after COVID-19 or vaccination.
{"title":"COVID-19 Features in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Main Approaches to Their Management, Treatment, and Vaccination","authors":"Valeriya A. Malko, G. Bisaga, M. Topuzova, I. Ternovykh, T. Alekseeva","doi":"10.54101/acen.2023.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54101/acen.2023.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic calls for correct and evidence-based decisions regarding management and treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. Information on researches, clinical cases, and recommendations for treatment of such patients during the pandemic should be classified. We report COVID-19 features in patients with multiple sclerosis, risk factors for infection and development of severe disease. We also describe management strategies for multiple sclerosis: from relapse treatment to the selection of disease-modifying therapies focusing on patients safety. We analyze the latest observational and comparative studies, clinical cases of multiple sclerosis patients vaccination and demyelinating disease onset after COVID-19 or vaccination.","PeriodicalId":36946,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89645357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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