Pub Date : 2020-06-24DOI: 10.26789/AEB.2020.01.002
Yun-jiang Yu, Liao Liangzhong, Ming-yang Li, Xiao-hui Zhang, Zongrui Li, Xiao-hui Zhu, B. Lin
Xinfengjiang Reservoir (XFJR) is the largest drinking water source in the southern China, and plays a vital role in supporting the development of China's Pearl River delta. The levels, source Identification, potential ecological risks and health risk of eight metal elements including Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd and As in the sediments of the XFJR and Heyuan section of East River (HYER) were investigated. Sixteen sediment samples were collected from June to July 2016 in XFJR and HYER, and the concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd) and As were analyzed simultaneously. Results showed that the contents of Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd and As in surface sediment of XFJR were 76.27, 36.63, 12.23, 293.61, 14.88, 60.38, 0.76 and 18.68 mg / kg , respectively, and were 76.47, 30.95, 24.47, 361.95, 23.80, 91.81, 0.68 and 7.31 mg / kg, respectively, for HYER. The pollution’s levels of the heavy metal and As was in the order of Cd > Zn > Cr > Mn > As > Cu > Ni > Pb. The spatial distribution pattern of heavy metal and As in the surface sediments of the studied area featured high concentrations in the northeastern region and low concentrations in the XFJR, with a gradual decrease along the river flow from north to south. The results of principal component analysis demonstrated that agricultural activities, industrial pollution and water vehicles were the main sources of heavy metals pollution. The potential ecological risk index of the region was 22.02, and the potential ecological risk of heavy metal and As were in the ordered of Ni > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn > Mn > Cd >As, indicating slight ecological risk. In addition, the non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk of heavy metal and As in the surface sediment for adult and children were within acceptable level.
新丰江水库是中国南方最大的饮用水源地，对支撑中国珠江三角洲的发展起着至关重要的作用。对东河河源段和XFJR沉积物中Zn、Pb、Ni、Mn、Cu、Cr、Cd、As 8种金属元素的含量、来源鉴定、潜在生态风险和健康风险进行了研究。2016年6 - 7月，在XFJR和HYER采集了16份沉积物样品，同时分析了重金属(Zn、Pb、Ni、Mn、Cu、Cr、Cd)和As的浓度。结果表明:XFJR表层沉积物中Zn、Pb、Ni、Mn、Cu、Cr、Cd和As的含量分别为76.27、36.63、12.23、293.61、14.88、60.38、0.76和18.68 mg / kg, HYER表层沉积物中Zn、Pb、Ni、Mn、Cr、Cd和As的含量分别为76.47、30.95、24.47、361.95、23.80、91.81、0.68和7.31 mg / kg。重金属和砷的污染程度依次为Cd > Zn > Cr > Mn > As > Cu > Ni > Pb。研究区表层沉积物中重金属和砷的空间分布格局呈现出东北地区浓度高、XFJR地区浓度低的特征，且沿河流流向由北向南逐渐减少。主成分分析结果表明，农业活动、工业污染和水上交通工具是重金属污染的主要来源。区域潜在生态风险指数为22.02，重金属和砷潜在生态风险依次为Ni > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn > Mn > Cd >As，生态风险轻微。此外，表层沉积物中重金属和砷对成人和儿童的非致癌风险和致癌风险均在可接受范围内。
{"title":"Heavy Metals and Arsenic in Sediments of Xinfengjiang Reservoir and East River in South China: Levels, Source and Health Risk Assessment","authors":"Yun-jiang Yu, Liao Liangzhong, Ming-yang Li, Xiao-hui Zhang, Zongrui Li, Xiao-hui Zhu, B. Lin","doi":"10.26789/AEB.2020.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26789/AEB.2020.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Xinfengjiang Reservoir (XFJR) is the largest drinking water source in the southern China, and plays a vital role in supporting the development of China's Pearl River delta. The levels, source Identification, potential ecological risks and health risk of eight metal elements including Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd and As in the sediments of the XFJR and Heyuan section of East River (HYER) were investigated. Sixteen sediment samples were collected from June to July 2016 in XFJR and HYER, and the concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd) and As were analyzed simultaneously. Results showed that the contents of Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd and As in surface sediment of XFJR were 76.27, 36.63, 12.23, 293.61, 14.88, 60.38, 0.76 and 18.68 mg / kg , respectively, and were 76.47, 30.95, 24.47, 361.95, 23.80, 91.81, 0.68 and 7.31 mg / kg, respectively, for HYER. The pollution’s levels of the heavy metal and As was in the order of Cd > Zn > Cr > Mn > As > Cu > Ni > Pb. The spatial distribution pattern of heavy metal and As in the surface sediments of the studied area featured high concentrations in the northeastern region and low concentrations in the XFJR, with a gradual decrease along the river flow from north to south. The results of principal component analysis demonstrated that agricultural activities, industrial pollution and water vehicles were the main sources of heavy metals pollution. The potential ecological risk index of the region was 22.02, and the potential ecological risk of heavy metal and As were in the ordered of Ni > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn > Mn > Cd >As, indicating slight ecological risk. In addition, the non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk of heavy metal and As in the surface sediment for adult and children were within acceptable level.","PeriodicalId":36987,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43620352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.26789/aeb.2020.01.003
Li Yang, Yu-Xi Feng, Xiao-Zhang Yu
Abiotic stress like drought and heavy metal imposes a negative impact on exposed plants’ growth and development, commences over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside plant cells resulting in oxidative stress at the cellular level. After that, plants activate multiple defense mechanisms, within which the superoxide dismutase (SOD) family acts as the first line of defense to eliminate ROS. From the literature, it is evident that fewer studies have been carried out in combination with molecular evolution and phylogenetics, and expression profile of the SOD genes amidst dicot and the monocot at subcellular level against drought stress and cadmium (Cd) metal exposure. In the present study, SOD isogenes are identified in purposely elected two dicot plants i.e. Arabidopsis thaliana (9 genes), Solanum lycopersicum (8 genes) and two monocot plants namely Triticum aestivum (11 genes), and Oryza sativa (7 genes), respectively. Based on the amino acids sequence similarities, the identified proteins are classified into three subfamilies in accordance to their phylogenetic relationships, namely Cu/ZnSOD, FeSOD, and MnSOD. High variability observed between Cu/ZnSOD with other two groups i.e. FeSOD and MnSOD which showed lesser variation within them by using secondary structure predication. Subcellular localization suggested that genes encoding FeSOD, MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD are predominant in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and cytoplasm, respectively in studied plants. The expression profiling through microarray analysis showed varied strategies of SOD isogenes against drought stress and Cd exposure individually. From the perspective of evolution, this study would expand our knowledge for vividly understanding the role of distinctive SOD isogenes in detoxifying ROS in different plants under various abiotic stresses.
{"title":"Comparative response of SOD at molecular level in different plants against cadmium and drought stress","authors":"Li Yang, Yu-Xi Feng, Xiao-Zhang Yu","doi":"10.26789/aeb.2020.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26789/aeb.2020.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Abiotic stress like drought and heavy metal imposes a negative impact on exposed plants’ growth and development, commences over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside plant cells resulting in oxidative stress at the cellular level. After that, plants activate multiple defense mechanisms, within which the superoxide dismutase (SOD) family acts as the first line of defense to eliminate ROS. From the literature, it is evident that fewer studies have been carried out in combination with molecular evolution and phylogenetics, and expression profile of the SOD genes amidst dicot and the monocot at subcellular level against drought stress and cadmium (Cd) metal exposure. In the present study, SOD isogenes are identified in purposely elected two dicot plants i.e. Arabidopsis thaliana (9 genes), Solanum lycopersicum (8 genes) and two monocot plants namely Triticum aestivum (11 genes), and Oryza sativa (7 genes), respectively. Based on the amino acids sequence similarities, the identified proteins are classified into three subfamilies in accordance to their phylogenetic relationships, namely Cu/ZnSOD, FeSOD, and MnSOD. High variability observed between Cu/ZnSOD with other two groups i.e. FeSOD and MnSOD which showed lesser variation within them by using secondary structure predication. Subcellular localization suggested that genes encoding FeSOD, MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD are predominant in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and cytoplasm, respectively in studied plants. The expression profiling through microarray analysis showed varied strategies of SOD isogenes against drought stress and Cd exposure individually. From the perspective of evolution, this study would expand our knowledge for vividly understanding the role of distinctive SOD isogenes in detoxifying ROS in different plants under various abiotic stresses.","PeriodicalId":36987,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69126710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-27DOI: 10.26789/AEB.2019.02.002
Ying-Chun Huang, Na Wang, Biyan Huang, Chun-Jiao Lu, Xiao-Zhang Yu
The base excision repair (BER) pathway is an essential defense mechanism against oxidative damage of DNA in plants. Previous studies have reported that chromium (Cr) exposure causes oxidative stress and DNA damage due to accumulation of ROS. In this study, hydroponic experiments were carried out to investigate mRNA expression of 21 candidate genes involved in the BER pathway in rice seedlings exposed to Cr(III) using qRT-PCR. Changes of H2O2 and O2-• content in rice tissues and the relative growth rate (%) of rice seedlings were also determined. The results indicated that Cr(III) induced dose-dependent inhibition on the relative growth rate of rice seedlings. H2O2 content in roots were significantly increased. Changes of the content of H2O2 and O2-• in shoots was consistent. PCR analysis revealed that responses of selected 21 candidate genes to Cr(III) exposure were tissue specific. The BER pathway in roots was repressed by Cr(III) treatment but activated in shoots in response to Cr(III) exposure, suggesting that the BER pathway would play different roles in regulating and repairing DNA damage caused by Cr(III) exposure in rice.
{"title":"PCR analysis of genes involved in base excision repair pathway in rice seedlings under Cr(III) exposure","authors":"Ying-Chun Huang, Na Wang, Biyan Huang, Chun-Jiao Lu, Xiao-Zhang Yu","doi":"10.26789/AEB.2019.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26789/AEB.2019.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"The base excision repair (BER) pathway is an essential defense mechanism against oxidative damage of DNA in plants. Previous studies have reported that chromium (Cr) exposure causes oxidative stress and DNA damage due to accumulation of ROS. In this study, hydroponic experiments were carried out to investigate mRNA expression of 21 candidate genes involved in the BER pathway in rice seedlings exposed to Cr(III) using qRT-PCR. Changes of H2O2 and O2-• content in rice tissues and the relative growth rate (%) of rice seedlings were also determined. The results indicated that Cr(III) induced dose-dependent inhibition on the relative growth rate of rice seedlings. H2O2 content in roots were significantly increased. Changes of the content of H2O2 and O2-• in shoots was consistent. PCR analysis revealed that responses of selected 21 candidate genes to Cr(III) exposure were tissue specific. The BER pathway in roots was repressed by Cr(III) treatment but activated in shoots in response to Cr(III) exposure, suggesting that the BER pathway would play different roles in regulating and repairing DNA damage caused by Cr(III) exposure in rice.","PeriodicalId":36987,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42697826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-27DOI: 10.26789/aeb.2019.01.009
Xiao-Zhang Yu
The base excision repair (BER) pathway is an essential defense mechanism against oxidative damage of DNA in plants. Previous studies have reported that chromium (Cr) exposure causes oxidative stress and DNA damage due to accumulation of ROS. In this study, hydroponic experiments were carried out to investigate mRNA expression of 21 candidate genes involved in the BER pathway in rice seedlings exposed to Cr(III) using qRT-PCR. Changes of H 2 O 2 and O 2 -• content in rice tissues and the relative growth rate (%) of rice seedlings were also determined. The results indicated that Cr(III) induced dose-dependent inhibition on the relative growth rate of rice seedlings. H 2 O 2 content in roots were significantly increased. Changes of the content of H 2 O 2 and O 2 -• in shoots was consistent. PCR analysis revealed that responses of selected 21 candidate genes to Cr(III) exposure were tissue specific. The BER pathway in roots was repressed by Cr(III) treatment but activated in shoots in response to Cr(III) exposure, suggesting that the BER pathway would play different roles in regulating and repairing DNA damage caused by Cr(III) exposure in rice.
{"title":"PCR analysis of genes involved in base excision repair (BER) pathway in rice seedlings exposed to trivalent chromium","authors":"Xiao-Zhang Yu","doi":"10.26789/aeb.2019.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26789/aeb.2019.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"The base excision repair (BER) pathway is an essential defense mechanism against oxidative damage of DNA in plants. Previous studies have reported that chromium (Cr) exposure causes oxidative stress and DNA damage due to accumulation of ROS. In this study, hydroponic experiments were carried out to investigate mRNA expression of 21 candidate genes involved in the BER pathway in rice seedlings exposed to Cr(III) using qRT-PCR. Changes of H 2 O 2 and O 2 -• content in rice tissues and the relative growth rate (%) of rice seedlings were also determined. The results indicated that Cr(III) induced dose-dependent inhibition on the relative growth rate of rice seedlings. H 2 O 2 content in roots were significantly increased. Changes of the content of H 2 O 2 and O 2 -• in shoots was consistent. PCR analysis revealed that responses of selected 21 candidate genes to Cr(III) exposure were tissue specific. The BER pathway in roots was repressed by Cr(III) treatment but activated in shoots in response to Cr(III) exposure, suggesting that the BER pathway would play different roles in regulating and repairing DNA damage caused by Cr(III) exposure in rice.","PeriodicalId":36987,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44130934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.26789/AEB.2019.01.008
Y. Zhong, Xiaotong Li, Qiying Huang, Rende Huang, Zi-Yan Zhou, Hua Bi, P. Feng, Dedong Wang
This study aimed to determine mutagen contamination, to compare the differences between inlet and outlet distribution, and the possible impacts on public health. Water samples were collected from four different waterworks in Guangzhou, China. The Ames test was conducted to investigate the potential mutagenicity caused by organic extracts from drinking water sources and peripheral water. Organic content was extracted with XAD-2 resin column and organic solvents, and toxicity was tested in three doses of extract equivalent, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 L source water. The results of the Ames test showed that all the organic extracts from water samples could induce different levels of mutagenic potentials in the absence of S9 mix, which indicated mutagenicity and strain. Comparing with TA98, TA100 was more sensitive in genotoxicity. Mutagenic enhancement factors were found in both drinking water sources and peripheral water. Water treatment technologies with different disinfection ways could increase the mutagenicity of water, but the biological significance of mutagenicity of the organic extracts remained to be further confirmed. The results suggested that it was necessary to concern the relationship between source water, water treatment unit and the mutagenicity factors of water.
{"title":"The mutagenicity of organic extracts in source water and peripheral water with different disinfection ways","authors":"Y. Zhong, Xiaotong Li, Qiying Huang, Rende Huang, Zi-Yan Zhou, Hua Bi, P. Feng, Dedong Wang","doi":"10.26789/AEB.2019.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26789/AEB.2019.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine mutagen contamination, to compare the differences between inlet and outlet distribution, and the possible impacts on public health. Water samples were collected from four different waterworks in Guangzhou, China. The Ames test was conducted to investigate the potential mutagenicity caused by organic extracts from drinking water sources and peripheral water. Organic content was extracted with XAD-2 resin column and organic solvents, and toxicity was tested in three doses of extract equivalent, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 L source water. The results of the Ames test showed that all the organic extracts from water samples could induce different levels of mutagenic potentials in the absence of S9 mix, which indicated mutagenicity and strain. Comparing with TA98, TA100 was more sensitive in genotoxicity. Mutagenic enhancement factors were found in both drinking water sources and peripheral water. Water treatment technologies with different disinfection ways could increase the mutagenicity of water, but the biological significance of mutagenicity of the organic extracts remained to be further confirmed. The results suggested that it was necessary to concern the relationship between source water, water treatment unit and the mutagenicity factors of water.","PeriodicalId":36987,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46749269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.26789/AEB.2019.01.007
Jia Yan, Jiehui Xie, Siji Wang, Hongguo Zhang, Jiapeng Wu, Yiguo Hong
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) face great challenges in developing countries, such as China, due to increasingly strict integrated wastewater discharge standard, especially for ammonium. Thus, it is very important to understand the limiting factor for ammonium removal in WWTPs. In this study, samples from 8 full-scale municipal WWTPs with different treatment processes in Pearl River Delta (PRD) area were evaluated. Bacterial and archaeal communities were investigated by high-throughput sequencing, activity of aerobic ammonium and nitrite oxidation, denitrification and anammox processes were evaluated. Nitrite, nitrate and TP concentration were strongly correlated with bacterial and archaeal composition in WWTPs based on canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Aerobic ammonium oxidation activities were over 10 times lower than aerobic nitrite oxidation, denitrification and anammox activities in WWTPs samples, which indicated nitrogen removal activities in WWTPs were limited by aerobic ammonium oxidation, because of lack of nitrite/nitrate for denitrification and anammox. Moreover, a technology-dependent shaping of microbial diversity and nitrogen removal activity was observed. The highest bacterial diversity and nitrogen removal activities were achieved in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and Modified Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic (MAAO) processes, which implied the advantage of these two treatment technologies in nitrogen removal. Therefore, this study suggested enhancing activity of aerobic ammonium oxidation might be a potential solution, for promoting ammonium removal and benefiting sustainable management of WWTPs in future.
{"title":"Evaluation of nitrogen removal processes and microbial communities in eight full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants","authors":"Jia Yan, Jiehui Xie, Siji Wang, Hongguo Zhang, Jiapeng Wu, Yiguo Hong","doi":"10.26789/AEB.2019.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26789/AEB.2019.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) face great challenges in developing countries, such as China, due to increasingly strict integrated wastewater discharge standard, especially for ammonium. Thus, it is very important to understand the limiting factor for ammonium removal in WWTPs. In this study, samples from 8 full-scale municipal WWTPs with different treatment processes in Pearl River Delta (PRD) area were evaluated. Bacterial and archaeal communities were investigated by high-throughput sequencing, activity of aerobic ammonium and nitrite oxidation, denitrification and anammox processes were evaluated. Nitrite, nitrate and TP concentration were strongly correlated with bacterial and archaeal composition in WWTPs based on canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Aerobic ammonium oxidation activities were over 10 times lower than aerobic nitrite oxidation, denitrification and anammox activities in WWTPs samples, which indicated nitrogen removal activities in WWTPs were limited by aerobic ammonium oxidation, because of lack of nitrite/nitrate for denitrification and anammox. Moreover, a technology-dependent shaping of microbial diversity and nitrogen removal activity was observed. The highest bacterial diversity and nitrogen removal activities were achieved in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and Modified Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic (MAAO) processes, which implied the advantage of these two treatment technologies in nitrogen removal. Therefore, this study suggested enhancing activity of aerobic ammonium oxidation might be a potential solution, for promoting ammonium removal and benefiting sustainable management of WWTPs in future.","PeriodicalId":36987,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47307106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-08DOI: 10.26789/aeb.2019.01.006
Dongsheng Xue, Shuyang Zhang, Wang Chongju, Gong Chunjie
A novel psychrotroph Cryobacterium sp. GCJ02 was isolated and characterized, which showed gorwth well at 4 ºC. The assembled whole genome of strain GCJ02 is 4.39 Mb, including 4,139 protein coding genes with G+C content of 68.41mol%. In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of a novel strain of the genus Cryobacterium, affording feasibility to elucidate the molecular mechanism of cold adaptation, and facilitate genetic manipulation of this bacterium.
{"title":"The complete genome sequence and annotation of a psychrophilic Cryobacterium species GCJ02 isolated from cryomorphic soil of a virgin forest","authors":"Dongsheng Xue, Shuyang Zhang, Wang Chongju, Gong Chunjie","doi":"10.26789/aeb.2019.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26789/aeb.2019.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"A novel psychrotroph Cryobacterium sp. GCJ02 was isolated and characterized, which showed gorwth well at 4 ºC. The assembled whole genome of strain GCJ02 is 4.39 Mb, including 4,139 protein coding genes with G+C content of 68.41mol%. In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of a novel strain of the genus Cryobacterium, affording feasibility to elucidate the molecular mechanism of cold adaptation, and facilitate genetic manipulation of this bacterium.","PeriodicalId":36987,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48026784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.26789/AEB.2019.01.005
Xiao Chen, Z. Ding, A. Khan, Apurva Kakade, Ze Ye, Rong Li, P. Feng, Xiangkai Li, Pu Liu
At present, the problem of heavy metal pollution is a hot topic in the world. There are significant differences in the types and concentrations of metal ions distributed in each contaminated sites. In China, due to the vast territory and diverse ecoenvironments, the pollution situation is complex and variable, and the composite pollution is particularly obvious. Overall, pollution in the southern provinces is relatively higher than in other provinces, and Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, As and Ni are listed as the priority pollutants for control. The metals have different physical or chemical specificity that allows them to be treated differently. Toxic Cr(VI) needs to be reduced to non-toxic Cr(III) before removal, whereas Cd(II) can form an insoluble Cd compound precipitate under alkaline conditions. Nevertheless, the characteristics of the soil itself such as pH, humidity, mineral composition, etc., are the hurdles in the process of remediation. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the characteristics of heavy metal contaminated soil in major areas of China. It also proposes appropriate restoration methods and schemes such as phytoremediation and microbial remediation, which provides a theoretical basis for the elimination of heavy metals from a polluted land.
{"title":"Current Status and Development of Remediation for Heavy Metals in China","authors":"Xiao Chen, Z. Ding, A. Khan, Apurva Kakade, Ze Ye, Rong Li, P. Feng, Xiangkai Li, Pu Liu","doi":"10.26789/AEB.2019.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26789/AEB.2019.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the problem of heavy metal pollution is a hot topic in the world. There are significant differences in the types and concentrations of metal ions distributed in each contaminated sites. In China, due to the vast territory and diverse ecoenvironments, the pollution situation is complex and variable, and the composite pollution is particularly obvious. Overall, pollution in the southern provinces is relatively higher than in other provinces, and Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, As and Ni are listed as the priority pollutants for control. The metals have different physical or chemical specificity that allows them to be treated differently. Toxic Cr(VI) needs to be reduced to non-toxic Cr(III) before removal, whereas Cd(II) can form an insoluble Cd compound precipitate under alkaline conditions. Nevertheless, the characteristics of the soil itself such as pH, humidity, mineral composition, etc., are the hurdles in the process of remediation. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the characteristics of heavy metal contaminated soil in major areas of China. It also proposes appropriate restoration methods and schemes such as phytoremediation and microbial remediation, which provides a theoretical basis for the elimination of heavy metals from a polluted land.","PeriodicalId":36987,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42751410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-14DOI: 10.26789/AEB.2019.02.001
J. Gu
Analytical chemistry allows an accurate quantification of the total concentrations of a range of chemicals in different media of the ecosystems and contaminated sites, but the numerical values do not have direct relevance to the toxicity of them because the measured concentrations do not represent the active fraction that imposes toxic effects on organisms. It is apparent that an assessment of pollutant concentrations in ecosystems shall be made with new innovation to obtain the organism exposed concentrations so that the subsequent toxicological effects based on these data can provide reliable estimate on toxicity for management decision accordingly. Applied Toxicology, e.g., Ecotoxicology, and Environmental Toxicology, therefore shall have a different scientific framework to adopt the use of a new concentration term for pollutants to establish a close relationship between the effective concentration in the ecosystem and the toxicity to the organisms to make a meaningful understanding of the ecotoxicology and environmental toxicity. In addition, the choice of the organisms as indicators for chemical toxicity assays is another critical issue and the organism shall be selected with an international consensus to establish a solid baseline for comparable results from different laboratories around the world. Doing this way, the Applied Toxicology can make great advancement and contributes to the society better on a more competitive level based on exact science similar to physical sciences today. A greater opportunity is ahead and effective action needs to be taken collectively and immediately to advance the new knowledge of this research subject.
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Pub Date : 2019-02-26DOI: 10.26789/AEB.2019.01.001
J. Gu
Microorganisms play an important role in cycling of elements of ecosystems, including a wide range of chemical pollutants from anthropogenic origin. These pollutants in ecosystems, particularly aquatic, and sediment and soils, are in different physical and chemical forms in association with the inorganic and organic constituents of the sediment and soils, resulting in variable availability of them to microorganisms for assimilation and transformation. A thorough and comprehensive knowledge of the physical and chemical states of them in the environments requires detailed information of both the bioavailable pollutant concentration and also the metabolic capability of the microorganisms to assess the ecological and environmental toxicity of these pollutants meaningfully. Apart from the primary role as decomposers, microorganisms are qualified to be sensitive indicators for environmental pollution, and ecological health and ecotoxicity of pollutants because of their very short generation time and quickly response to chemical pollutants than higher and large organisms. When used for testing with the same strain, different laboratories can generate high reproducible results to allow comparison of the data feasible, not mention the reduction in cost. Based on the current advances made on genomics analysis and bioinformatics, microbial genomes are easily assembled with the technologies available to providing useful transcriptomic and metabolic annotations, expression and prediction to allow advance toxicological to another level.
{"title":"Microbial Ecotoxicology As An Emerging Research Subject","authors":"J. Gu","doi":"10.26789/AEB.2019.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26789/AEB.2019.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms play an important role in cycling of elements of ecosystems, including a wide range of chemical pollutants from anthropogenic origin. These pollutants in ecosystems, particularly aquatic, and sediment and soils, are in different physical and chemical forms in association with the inorganic and organic constituents of the sediment and soils, resulting in variable availability of them to microorganisms for assimilation and transformation. A thorough and comprehensive knowledge of the physical and chemical states of them in the environments requires detailed information of both the bioavailable pollutant concentration and also the metabolic capability of the microorganisms to assess the ecological and environmental toxicity of these pollutants meaningfully. Apart from the primary role as decomposers, microorganisms are qualified to be sensitive indicators for environmental pollution, and ecological health and ecotoxicity of pollutants because of their very short generation time and quickly response to chemical pollutants than higher and large organisms. When used for testing with the same strain, different laboratories can generate high reproducible results to allow comparison of the data feasible, not mention the reduction in cost. Based on the current advances made on genomics analysis and bioinformatics, microbial genomes are easily assembled with the technologies available to providing useful transcriptomic and metabolic annotations, expression and prediction to allow advance toxicological to another level.","PeriodicalId":36987,"journal":{"name":"Applied Environmental Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45095363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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