Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128896
C. A. Bel, G. Escrivá, M. Alcázar-Ortega
The aim of this research resides in the development of an energy management and control systems (EMCS) to control a micro-grid based on the use of renewable generation and demand resources to introduce the application of demand response concepts to the management of micro-grids in order to effectively integrate the demand side as an operation resource for the grid and improve energy efficiency of the elements. As an additional result, the evaluation of reductions in the total amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere due to the improvement of the energy efficiency of the system is assessed.
{"title":"Novel energy management and control system for introducing demand response actions and energy efficiency in micro-grid operation","authors":"C. A. Bel, G. Escrivá, M. Alcázar-Ortega","doi":"10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128896","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research resides in the development of an energy management and control systems (EMCS) to control a micro-grid based on the use of renewable generation and demand resources to introduce the application of demand response concepts to the management of micro-grids in order to effectively integrate the demand side as an operation resource for the grid and improve energy efficiency of the elements. As an additional result, the evaluation of reductions in the total amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere due to the improvement of the energy efficiency of the system is assessed.","PeriodicalId":369941,"journal":{"name":"11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130071503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128946
F. Marra, M. M. Jensen, R. Garcia-Valle, C. Traholt, E. Larsen
An increased interest on electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is dealing with their introduction into low voltage (LV) distribution grids. Lately, analysis on power quality issues has received attention when considering EVs as additional load. The charging of EVs is expected without a centralized coordination in the first years, therefore a study on voltage variations and loading of LV grids is needed to estimate the immediate impact by EVs. In this work, the modeling and simulation of a Danish residential LV grid is conducted considering the two scenarios of dumb charging and overnight charging. The effect of different shares of EVs on voltage variations and transformer loading is assessed and analyzed. Results have shown that if single-phase, 16 A charging is employed, the actual LV grid would withstand the contingency of up to 30–40% of EVs charging overnight.
{"title":"Power quality issues into a Danish low-voltage grid with electric vehicles","authors":"F. Marra, M. M. Jensen, R. Garcia-Valle, C. Traholt, E. Larsen","doi":"10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128946","url":null,"abstract":"An increased interest on electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is dealing with their introduction into low voltage (LV) distribution grids. Lately, analysis on power quality issues has received attention when considering EVs as additional load. The charging of EVs is expected without a centralized coordination in the first years, therefore a study on voltage variations and loading of LV grids is needed to estimate the immediate impact by EVs. In this work, the modeling and simulation of a Danish residential LV grid is conducted considering the two scenarios of dumb charging and overnight charging. The effect of different shares of EVs on voltage variations and transformer loading is assessed and analyzed. Results have shown that if single-phase, 16 A charging is employed, the actual LV grid would withstand the contingency of up to 30–40% of EVs charging overnight.","PeriodicalId":369941,"journal":{"name":"11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130519042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128806
S. Mišák, Stefan Hamacek, P. Bilik, Marek Hofinek, P. Petvaldsky
Since 1976, Finland has been engaged in the development of covered conductors. They are commonly used these days, also, in other countries such as Great Britain, Poland, Slovakia, Norway, the Baltic states as well as Czech Republic. This system was mainly designed to improve the reliability of power supplies. The covered conductor system (hereinafter referred to as the "CC system") makes it possible to construct electricity networks with a low failure frequency. The CC system does not differ from the bare conductor system. There is a significant difference in the reduction of distance between the phases to approximately 1/3 compared to distance between the phases usual for bare conductors. This distance is reduced to 40 cm and 50 cm in Finland and in the Czech Republic, respectively. The covered conductors are simply fastened to insulators for relevant voltage. It is not currently possible to detect the fault of conductor drop through the covered conductors, conductor and water level contact, and/or breaking of the conductor and its subsequent drop to the ground. Since this is not standard ground connection, the current digital protections are not able to detect such a type of faults. The selected conclusions of the analysis of operating and fault conditions of covered conductors are presented within the paper.
{"title":"Problems associated with covered conductor fault detection","authors":"S. Mišák, Stefan Hamacek, P. Bilik, Marek Hofinek, P. Petvaldsky","doi":"10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128806","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1976, Finland has been engaged in the development of covered conductors. They are commonly used these days, also, in other countries such as Great Britain, Poland, Slovakia, Norway, the Baltic states as well as Czech Republic. This system was mainly designed to improve the reliability of power supplies. The covered conductor system (hereinafter referred to as the \"CC system\") makes it possible to construct electricity networks with a low failure frequency. The CC system does not differ from the bare conductor system. There is a significant difference in the reduction of distance between the phases to approximately 1/3 compared to distance between the phases usual for bare conductors. This distance is reduced to 40 cm and 50 cm in Finland and in the Czech Republic, respectively. The covered conductors are simply fastened to insulators for relevant voltage. It is not currently possible to detect the fault of conductor drop through the covered conductors, conductor and water level contact, and/or breaking of the conductor and its subsequent drop to the ground. Since this is not standard ground connection, the current digital protections are not able to detect such a type of faults. The selected conclusions of the analysis of operating and fault conditions of covered conductors are presented within the paper.","PeriodicalId":369941,"journal":{"name":"11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130680509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128808
F. D. Irimia, A. Baraboi, M. Andrusca, M. Adam
Due to the development of the renewable energy installations, the development of equipment for these systems has known substantial progress. Such equipment must meet a number of conditions both on power safety, as well as on the quality of energy supplied. As is know from the literature, the power quality is given by frequency, voltage, harmonic pollution, source-consumer, interdependence, interdependence-source system (smart grid). Inverter DC / AC is an equipment reference in a renewable energy system, the power electronics equipment, allowing these to be increasingly complex. The paper contains a comparative study of modeling, simulation and testing regarding the powering of consumers with voltage with different waveform, supplied by an inverter DC/AC in renewable energy systems.
{"title":"About some quality aspects regarding the renewable energy installations voltage","authors":"F. D. Irimia, A. Baraboi, M. Andrusca, M. Adam","doi":"10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128808","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the development of the renewable energy installations, the development of equipment for these systems has known substantial progress. Such equipment must meet a number of conditions both on power safety, as well as on the quality of energy supplied. As is know from the literature, the power quality is given by frequency, voltage, harmonic pollution, source-consumer, interdependence, interdependence-source system (smart grid). Inverter DC / AC is an equipment reference in a renewable energy system, the power electronics equipment, allowing these to be increasingly complex. The paper contains a comparative study of modeling, simulation and testing regarding the powering of consumers with voltage with different waveform, supplied by an inverter DC/AC in renewable energy systems.","PeriodicalId":369941,"journal":{"name":"11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130423575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128854
Jan Meyer, Stephan Hahle, P. Schegner, Carsten Wald
E-Mobility starts to become an important part of our live. Germany plans to bring 1 million cars into the market until 2020. Nowadays the cars mostly use single phase charging with charging currents up to 32A and sometimes even more. 2-phase charging is also in discussion. Unbalanced charging of electrical cars differs from the operation of other single phase domestic loads (e.g. water cooker) due to the long charging times and the higher coincidence. Therefore unbalanced charging may lead to an increase of unbalance in LV grids, especially in the weaker rural ones. Starting with some theory and an overview of the relevant standards the paper discusses the charging behaviour of 5 different electrical cars and presents measurements of actual unbalance levels in selected LV grids. The main part of the paper illustrates a stochastic simulation of unbalance caused by an increased penetration of single phase charging electrical cars. The ratio of grid utilization depending on the magnitude of charging current is discussed for different scenarios and is compared to the case that equivalent 3-phase charging would be used. The paper concludes with some recommendations.
{"title":"Impact of electrical car charging on unbalance in public low voltage grids","authors":"Jan Meyer, Stephan Hahle, P. Schegner, Carsten Wald","doi":"10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128854","url":null,"abstract":"E-Mobility starts to become an important part of our live. Germany plans to bring 1 million cars into the market until 2020. Nowadays the cars mostly use single phase charging with charging currents up to 32A and sometimes even more. 2-phase charging is also in discussion. Unbalanced charging of electrical cars differs from the operation of other single phase domestic loads (e.g. water cooker) due to the long charging times and the higher coincidence. Therefore unbalanced charging may lead to an increase of unbalance in LV grids, especially in the weaker rural ones. Starting with some theory and an overview of the relevant standards the paper discusses the charging behaviour of 5 different electrical cars and presents measurements of actual unbalance levels in selected LV grids. The main part of the paper illustrates a stochastic simulation of unbalance caused by an increased penetration of single phase charging electrical cars. The ratio of grid utilization depending on the magnitude of charging current is discussed for different scenarios and is compared to the case that equivalent 3-phase charging would be used. The paper concludes with some recommendations.","PeriodicalId":369941,"journal":{"name":"11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127873736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128953
G. Błajszczak
The paper describes in details construction and performance of a new measurement equipment - a resistive divider, designed for high voltage networks. The measurements at 400 kV require linear voltage reduction to the value acceptable by electronic equipment. The divider will be used for upmarket accurate measurements of higher harmonics and other voltage distortions. It can be also used for evaluation and correction of frequency characteristics of traditional measure transformers.
{"title":"Resistive voltage divider for higher harmonics measurement in 400 kV network","authors":"G. Błajszczak","doi":"10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128953","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes in details construction and performance of a new measurement equipment - a resistive divider, designed for high voltage networks. The measurements at 400 kV require linear voltage reduction to the value acceptable by electronic equipment. The divider will be used for upmarket accurate measurements of higher harmonics and other voltage distortions. It can be also used for evaluation and correction of frequency characteristics of traditional measure transformers.","PeriodicalId":369941,"journal":{"name":"11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125380875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128835
D. A. Caixeta, G. C. Guimarães, M. Chaves, J. Oliveira, A. F. Bonelli
In recent decades wind energy has gained great prominence in various parts of the world, resulting in the emergence of new technologies to improve its efficiency. Thus, this paper presents a technique for maximizing the power extracted from the wind by a variable speed wind turbine through measurements of voltage and current at the three-phase rectifier terminals, establishing its rotor speed control by changing the duty cycle of the boost converter. Hence, the proposed algorithm enables the maintenance of the maximum value of the turbine power coefficient even before a significant variation of wind speed and considering the inertia effect. The effectiveness and versatility of the suggested method is verified through computer simulations using the software ATP.
{"title":"Maximization of variable speed wind turbine power including the inertia effect","authors":"D. A. Caixeta, G. C. Guimarães, M. Chaves, J. Oliveira, A. F. Bonelli","doi":"10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128835","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades wind energy has gained great prominence in various parts of the world, resulting in the emergence of new technologies to improve its efficiency. Thus, this paper presents a technique for maximizing the power extracted from the wind by a variable speed wind turbine through measurements of voltage and current at the three-phase rectifier terminals, establishing its rotor speed control by changing the duty cycle of the boost converter. Hence, the proposed algorithm enables the maintenance of the maximum value of the turbine power coefficient even before a significant variation of wind speed and considering the inertia effect. The effectiveness and versatility of the suggested method is verified through computer simulations using the software ATP.","PeriodicalId":369941,"journal":{"name":"11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125547849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128954
Xinyi Gu, Gengyin Li, Ming Zhou, K. Lo
This paper proposes a wavelet transform approach for the evaluation of harmonic contents of power system waveforms. In this approach, the discrete wavelet packet transform is presented to decompose the waveform, and then based on the decomposed coefficient the harmonic contents include frequencies, amplitudes and phases are calculated by continuous wavelet transform. The wavelet transform is introduced briefly in this paper. In order to obtain the uniform frequency sub-bands, the discrete wavelet packet transform is used to decompose the waveform, and then the continuous wavelet transform is employed to calculate the harmonic components. Finally, the developed approach is tested with the synthesised waveforms and obtained results are compared with results of the other methods.
{"title":"Wavelet transform based approach to harmonic analysis","authors":"Xinyi Gu, Gengyin Li, Ming Zhou, K. Lo","doi":"10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128954","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a wavelet transform approach for the evaluation of harmonic contents of power system waveforms. In this approach, the discrete wavelet packet transform is presented to decompose the waveform, and then based on the decomposed coefficient the harmonic contents include frequencies, amplitudes and phases are calculated by continuous wavelet transform. The wavelet transform is introduced briefly in this paper. In order to obtain the uniform frequency sub-bands, the discrete wavelet packet transform is used to decompose the waveform, and then the continuous wavelet transform is employed to calculate the harmonic components. Finally, the developed approach is tested with the synthesised waveforms and obtained results are compared with results of the other methods.","PeriodicalId":369941,"journal":{"name":"11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123175857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128894
M. Bollen, S. Ronnberg, E. Larsson, M. Wahlberg, C. M. Lundmark
This paper presents the results from a number of measurements of the harmonic emission from installations that contain a large number of energy-efficient lamps. Two of the measurements concern the replacement of incandescent lamps with CFL and LED; the other measurement concerns an installation with up to 48 fluorescent lamps with high-frequency ballasts. The paper also contains a discussion on why the (total) power factor is not a good measure to quantify the performance of lamps or installations containing large numbers of lamps.
{"title":"Harmonic emission from installations with energy-efficient lighting","authors":"M. Bollen, S. Ronnberg, E. Larsson, M. Wahlberg, C. M. Lundmark","doi":"10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128894","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results from a number of measurements of the harmonic emission from installations that contain a large number of energy-efficient lamps. Two of the measurements concern the replacement of incandescent lamps with CFL and LED; the other measurement concerns an installation with up to 48 fluorescent lamps with high-frequency ballasts. The paper also contains a discussion on why the (total) power factor is not a good measure to quantify the performance of lamps or installations containing large numbers of lamps.","PeriodicalId":369941,"journal":{"name":"11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126465747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128893
N. Melo, F. Mira, A. D. de Almeida, J. Delgado
Regarding expected contribution of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) to improve the energy efficiency, to reduce CO2 emissions and to support the integration of renewable energy sources, this paper presents the legal framework for development of electric mobility in Portugal. Followed by a brief description of methods and modes of PEV charging and by an introduction to the harmonic theory, measurement results are presented for Normal Power and High Power DC charging methods. The results include the characterization of voltage and current harmonic distortion during charging operations of the ISR's Nissan Leaf, by a normal socket outlet in office-building, and the EDP's Mitsubishi i-MiEV, by a High Power DC charging point in a Galp's gas station.
{"title":"Integration of PEV in Portuguese distribution grid: Analysis of harmonic current emissions in charging points","authors":"N. Melo, F. Mira, A. D. de Almeida, J. Delgado","doi":"10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPQU.2011.6128893","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding expected contribution of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) to improve the energy efficiency, to reduce CO2 emissions and to support the integration of renewable energy sources, this paper presents the legal framework for development of electric mobility in Portugal. Followed by a brief description of methods and modes of PEV charging and by an introduction to the harmonic theory, measurement results are presented for Normal Power and High Power DC charging methods. The results include the characterization of voltage and current harmonic distortion during charging operations of the ISR's Nissan Leaf, by a normal socket outlet in office-building, and the EDP's Mitsubishi i-MiEV, by a High Power DC charging point in a Galp's gas station.","PeriodicalId":369941,"journal":{"name":"11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114210905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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