C. Viegas, C. J. Alves, E. Carolino, L. Rosado, C. S. Santos
Fungal contamination of the floor in 10 gyms with swimming pools was monitored. One hundred and twenty swab samples were collected: 60 before and 60 after cleaning operations. The samples were taken near the pool and jacuzzi, in surrounding the pool access stairs, in training studios and in male and female showers and changing rooms. Simultaneously, environmental parameters temperature and relative humidity were also monitored. Thirty-seven different species of fungi were identified. Among those species, Fusarium sp. was the most frequent species isolated before (19,1%) and after (17,2 %) the cleaning operations. Twelve different species of yeasts were identified. The most identified genera before cleaning was Cryptococcus (40,6%), and after cleaning was Candida (49,3%). The difference between before and after cleaning operations was statistically significant (p 0,05) with temperature and relative humidity.
{"title":"Occupational Exposure To Fungi In GymnasiumsWith Swimming Pools","authors":"C. Viegas, C. J. Alves, E. Carolino, L. Rosado, C. S. Santos","doi":"10.2495/EHR090381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090381","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal contamination of the floor in 10 gyms with swimming pools was monitored. One hundred and twenty swab samples were collected: 60 before and 60 after cleaning operations. The samples were taken near the pool and jacuzzi, in surrounding the pool access stairs, in training studios and in male and female showers and changing rooms. Simultaneously, environmental parameters temperature and relative humidity were also monitored. Thirty-seven different species of fungi were identified. Among those species, Fusarium sp. was the most frequent species isolated before (19,1%) and after (17,2 %) the cleaning operations. Twelve different species of yeasts were identified. The most identified genera before cleaning was Cryptococcus (40,6%), and after cleaning was Candida (49,3%). The difference between before and after cleaning operations was statistically significant (p 0,05) with temperature and relative humidity.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122418649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traffic is identified as one of the main contributors to ambient air pollution. New evolutions in exposure assessment provide both more accurate estimations of traffic exhaust concentrations and individual exposure concentrations. However current epidemiology and health impact assessment (HIA) methods are not yet capable of dealing with these new exposure evolutions. In this paper methods are explored to perform a HIA based on an activity-based traffic model. Based on the main traditions of a HIA a stepwise approach is presented, estimating the impact of particulate matter, benzene, ozone and nitrogen dioxide in two strategies. A first strategy serves as the core analysis while a second more expansive strategy, allows more uncertainty in assessing the impact of air pollution.
{"title":"Health impact assessment of exposure to transport emissions in Flanders: methodology study","authors":"S. Dhondt, L. Hens","doi":"10.2495/EHR090041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090041","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic is identified as one of the main contributors to ambient air pollution. New evolutions in exposure assessment provide both more accurate estimations of traffic exhaust concentrations and individual exposure concentrations. However current epidemiology and health impact assessment (HIA) methods are not yet capable of dealing with these new exposure evolutions. In this paper methods are explored to perform a HIA based on an activity-based traffic model. Based on the main traditions of a HIA a stepwise approach is presented, estimating the impact of particulate matter, benzene, ozone and nitrogen dioxide in two strategies. A first strategy serves as the core analysis while a second more expansive strategy, allows more uncertainty in assessing the impact of air pollution.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129477892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air pollution is a serious environmental health threat to humans. Furthermore, the severity of health outcomes associated with air pollution exposure is not uniform within populations. In South Africa, the problem is exacerbated since several vulnerable communities live in close proximity to pollution sources. The National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act No. 39 of 2004 aims to protect the health of South Africans through the implementation of air quality management plans and monitoring programmes. To assess the effectiveness of these actions and implemented mitigation measures with respect to health outcomes, specific indicators are required. Therefore, the aim was to determine South African-appropriate indicators and health data necessary to successfully evaluate efforts to reduce air pollution and associated adverse human health effects, and to consider mechanisms for accessing and integrating these data into a monitoring and evaluation framework. In a preliminary study, a population air pollution exposure and vulnerability risk prioritization model for potential use by municipal air quality managers was developed. The model included vulnerability factors such as poverty, respiratory and other diseases, lack of education and poor living conditions, all of which are important in areas occupied by previously disadvantaged communities. High-risk areas in terms of air pollution health impacts were identified using a set of indicators that assessed air pollution sources, ambient air pollution levels and air pollution potential, as well as community awareness, observations, perceptions and actions. The model was applied to the eThekwini Municipality (Kwazulu-Natal Province). Data were extracted from multiple sources for a selection of municipal wards and scored to illustrate categorisation of communities to prioritize those vulnerable Environmental Health Risk V 55
{"title":"Air pollution monitoring and evaluation framework for South Africa: prioritizing vulnerable communities","authors":"C. Wright","doi":"10.2495/EHR090061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090061","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is a serious environmental health threat to humans. Furthermore, the severity of health outcomes associated with air pollution exposure is not uniform within populations. In South Africa, the problem is exacerbated since several vulnerable communities live in close proximity to pollution sources. The National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act No. 39 of 2004 aims to protect the health of South Africans through the implementation of air quality management plans and monitoring programmes. To assess the effectiveness of these actions and implemented mitigation measures with respect to health outcomes, specific indicators are required. Therefore, the aim was to determine South African-appropriate indicators and health data necessary to successfully evaluate efforts to reduce air pollution and associated adverse human health effects, and to consider mechanisms for accessing and integrating these data into a monitoring and evaluation framework. In a preliminary study, a population air pollution exposure and vulnerability risk prioritization model for potential use by municipal air quality managers was developed. The model included vulnerability factors such as poverty, respiratory and other diseases, lack of education and poor living conditions, all of which are important in areas occupied by previously disadvantaged communities. High-risk areas in terms of air pollution health impacts were identified using a set of indicators that assessed air pollution sources, ambient air pollution levels and air pollution potential, as well as community awareness, observations, perceptions and actions. The model was applied to the eThekwini Municipality (Kwazulu-Natal Province). Data were extracted from multiple sources for a selection of municipal wards and scored to illustrate categorisation of communities to prioritize those vulnerable Environmental Health Risk V 55","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127855621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Shandala, N. Novikova, A. Titov, E. Metlyaev, A. Filonova
To restrict radiation exposure to the population of Russia due to radionuclide ingestion via foods produced from agricultural raw material cultivated in Russia or imported from other states, Permissible Levels (PL) of Sr and Cs specific activities have been developed. The regulations comply with requirements of national Radiation Safety Standards (NRB-99), international recommendations for limitation of the public exposure under conditions of long-term radiation exposure and take into account the special features of food contamination generation in Russia. PL have been developed under condition of non-exceeding of 1 mSv annual internal dose to the public due to food intake. The levels developed for more than 140 kinds of foods have been included into the regulative document “Hygienic requirements of safety and food significance of foodstuffs” (SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01) and are obligatory in Russia for national and imported foods.
{"title":"Regulation And Control Of Radionuclide ContentsIn Foods In The Russian Federation","authors":"N. Shandala, N. Novikova, A. Titov, E. Metlyaev, A. Filonova","doi":"10.2495/EHR090281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090281","url":null,"abstract":"To restrict radiation exposure to the population of Russia due to radionuclide ingestion via foods produced from agricultural raw material cultivated in Russia or imported from other states, Permissible Levels (PL) of Sr and Cs specific activities have been developed. The regulations comply with requirements of national Radiation Safety Standards (NRB-99), international recommendations for limitation of the public exposure under conditions of long-term radiation exposure and take into account the special features of food contamination generation in Russia. PL have been developed under condition of non-exceeding of 1 mSv annual internal dose to the public due to food intake. The levels developed for more than 140 kinds of foods have been included into the regulative document “Hygienic requirements of safety and food significance of foodstuffs” (SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01) and are obligatory in Russia for national and imported foods.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129178405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Shandala, N. Novikova, M. Semenova, S. Kiselev, E. Metlyaev, A. Filonova, S. Akhromeev
Three republics of the former USSR – Belarus, Ukraine and Russia – became more contaminated following the Chernobyl accident. The subject of this paper is radioactivity assessment of the foodstuffs in Belarus and Russia, where more than 5000 food samples have been examined over more than the 20-year period after the Chernobyl accident. The methods used: beta– and gamma– spectrometry, radiochemical method. Over the whole surveillance period in Belarus, excluding 1986, when the surface contamination made a significant contribution to the product, 137 Cs and 90 Sr in agricultural foods, with few exceptions, was lower than the actual temporary permissible levels for that time. Real 90 Sr or 137 Cs content in the prime foodstuffs over the Russian territory are currently a small fraction of the established regulations, excepting areas of emergency contamination. Nevertheless, up to now, among the regions most contaminated due to the Chernobyl precipitations, there are ones, where permissible radionuclide contents are in excess for some foodstuffs.
{"title":"Radioactivity in foodstuffs after the Chernobyl accident - 20 years research","authors":"N. Shandala, N. Novikova, M. Semenova, S. Kiselev, E. Metlyaev, A. Filonova, S. Akhromeev","doi":"10.2495/EHR090351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090351","url":null,"abstract":"Three republics of the former USSR – Belarus, Ukraine and Russia – became more contaminated following the Chernobyl accident. The subject of this paper is radioactivity assessment of the foodstuffs in Belarus and Russia, where more than 5000 food samples have been examined over more than the 20-year period after the Chernobyl accident. The methods used: beta– and gamma– spectrometry, radiochemical method. Over the whole surveillance period in Belarus, excluding 1986, when the surface contamination made a significant contribution to the product, 137 Cs and 90 Sr in agricultural foods, with few exceptions, was lower than the actual temporary permissible levels for that time. Real 90 Sr or 137 Cs content in the prime foodstuffs over the Russian territory are currently a small fraction of the established regulations, excepting areas of emergency contamination. Nevertheless, up to now, among the regions most contaminated due to the Chernobyl precipitations, there are ones, where permissible radionuclide contents are in excess for some foodstuffs.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116887408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Bayo, J. Angosto, M. Gómez-López, Í. Oleaga, C. García
The objective of this manuscript was to assess the toxicity formation on biological treated wastewater from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, after a chlorination-dechlorination disinfection process. Water was monitored by means of physicochemical and ecotoxicological parameters, with the use of Vibrio fischeri bioassay. Since a dechlorination process removed residual chlorine, the positive correlation between toxicity values and chlorine concentrations suggested the formation of toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs). Statistically significant differences could be observed for toxicity values according to total carbon, total inorganic carbon, total nitrogen, chlorine, and pH. However, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity and turbidity had no statistical significance on toxicity formation. Three second-order polynomial equations were fitted between with total carbon and total nitrogen concentrations as independent variables, and EC50 as a dependent one.
{"title":"Toxicity Assessment Of ChlorinatedSecondary Effluents By The Vibrio FischeriBioluminescence Assay","authors":"J. Bayo, J. Angosto, M. Gómez-López, Í. Oleaga, C. García","doi":"10.2495/EHR090321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090321","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this manuscript was to assess the toxicity formation on biological treated wastewater from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, after a chlorination-dechlorination disinfection process. Water was monitored by means of physicochemical and ecotoxicological parameters, with the use of Vibrio fischeri bioassay. Since a dechlorination process removed residual chlorine, the positive correlation between toxicity values and chlorine concentrations suggested the formation of toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs). Statistically significant differences could be observed for toxicity values according to total carbon, total inorganic carbon, total nitrogen, chlorine, and pH. However, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity and turbidity had no statistical significance on toxicity formation. Three second-order polynomial equations were fitted between with total carbon and total nitrogen concentrations as independent variables, and EC50 as a dependent one.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127826702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Shandala, Seregin, M. Sneve, S. Kiselev, A. Kosnikov, G. Smith
Remediation of the sites for temporary storage (STS) of the Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) and Radioactive Waste (RW) is one of the most important challenges for the Russian Northwest region. The prime task is to develop radiation environmental regulations on justification of radiation safety assurance during remedial operations at the STS. According to legislative and normative acts of the Russian Federation regulating management of radioactively contaminated territories after identification of the site contamination level at the radiation facility, one of three decisions can be made: conservation of the site; renovation of the site and buildings (brown lawn); unlimited use of the site (greenfield). The criteria and regulations for the SNF and RW STS facilities and site have been developed, which are suitable for each remediation option. At the same time, the environmental models have been taken into account; reference levels have been developed expressed in radiation parameter units, which could be measured during radiation control and monitoring: surface beta and alpha contamination of the STS buildings, gamma dose rate, radionuclide specific activity in soil, annul activity concentration of ground water, radionuclide contents in hydrobionts.
{"title":"Environmental Remediation Of Nuclear LegacySites In The Russian Northwest:Regulatory Approach","authors":"N. Shandala, Seregin, M. Sneve, S. Kiselev, A. Kosnikov, G. Smith","doi":"10.2495/EHR090241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090241","url":null,"abstract":"Remediation of the sites for temporary storage (STS) of the Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) and Radioactive Waste (RW) is one of the most important challenges for the Russian Northwest region. The prime task is to develop radiation environmental regulations on justification of radiation safety assurance during remedial operations at the STS. According to legislative and normative acts of the Russian Federation regulating management of radioactively contaminated territories after identification of the site contamination level at the radiation facility, one of three decisions can be made: conservation of the site; renovation of the site and buildings (brown lawn); unlimited use of the site (greenfield). The criteria and regulations for the SNF and RW STS facilities and site have been developed, which are suitable for each remediation option. At the same time, the environmental models have been taken into account; reference levels have been developed expressed in radiation parameter units, which could be measured during radiation control and monitoring: surface beta and alpha contamination of the STS buildings, gamma dose rate, radionuclide specific activity in soil, annul activity concentration of ground water, radionuclide contents in hydrobionts.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"428 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131885417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Codorean, M. Tanase, L. Albulescu, I. Popescu, Simona Mihai, A. Murariu, C. Tanase
There is increasing interest in the development and application of biomarkers for the purpose of risk assessment among human populations exposed to adverse environmental agents. This paper reports a way of monitoring the effects of air pollution on human health by using epidemiological data and in vitro immunotoxicological parameters in lead (Pb) environmentally exposed subjects. Epidemiological and human health statistics collected over the past few years indicate a negative impact of pollution resulting in the increase of the incidence of major diseases: it increases the occurrence of pulmonary diseases, asthma attacks, cardiovascular disease, heart attacks, the development of cancer, and mortality by these major diseases. A pilot study on the target subjects living in the highly polluted air (exposed group H. n=86) indicated statistically significant increased values of blood lead level (BLL) compared to subjects living in low or no Pb polluted air (control group C, n=37). Serum and hematological parameter values, some of them significantly different between the two human groups, also confirm the negative effects of air pollution. In an ex vivo study, using peripheral whole blood cultures and multiplexed immunoassay xMAP technology, the cytokine profiles in the exposed and unexposed subjects were tested, Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, and the regulatory Th2 interleukins IL-4, IL-10 were sensitively modulated in environmental exposure. The cytokine profile detection using small samples (500μg/L) of human whole blood is reproducible and can be effectively used as an in vitro biomarker in human epidemiological studies on environmentally exposed people.
{"title":"Novel Developmental Immunotoxicology ForMonitoring The Risk Assessment For HumanPopulations From Environmental Pollution:Alternative Methods In Vitro","authors":"E. Codorean, M. Tanase, L. Albulescu, I. Popescu, Simona Mihai, A. Murariu, C. Tanase","doi":"10.2495/EHR090231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090231","url":null,"abstract":"There is increasing interest in the development and application of biomarkers for the purpose of risk assessment among human populations exposed to adverse environmental agents. This paper reports a way of monitoring the effects of air pollution on human health by using epidemiological data and in vitro immunotoxicological parameters in lead (Pb) environmentally exposed subjects. Epidemiological and human health statistics collected over the past few years indicate a negative impact of pollution resulting in the increase of the incidence of major diseases: it increases the occurrence of pulmonary diseases, asthma attacks, cardiovascular disease, heart attacks, the development of cancer, and mortality by these major diseases. A pilot study on the target subjects living in the highly polluted air (exposed group H. n=86) indicated statistically significant increased values of blood lead level (BLL) compared to subjects living in low or no Pb polluted air (control group C, n=37). Serum and hematological parameter values, some of them significantly different between the two human groups, also confirm the negative effects of air pollution. In an ex vivo study, using peripheral whole blood cultures and multiplexed immunoassay xMAP technology, the cytokine profiles in the exposed and unexposed subjects were tested, Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, and the regulatory Th2 interleukins IL-4, IL-10 were sensitively modulated in environmental exposure. The cytokine profile detection using small samples (500μg/L) of human whole blood is reproducible and can be effectively used as an in vitro biomarker in human epidemiological studies on environmentally exposed people.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"38-40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116768145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is focused on the assessment of potential health benefits in Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal, using the limit values defined by the new European Directive (2008/50/CE) for short and long-term exposure to PM10. For this purpose, the methodology of the WHO for Health Impact Assessment and Apheis guidelines for data collection was applied. The time series of PM10 concentrations measured within the study area at urban background stations together with demographic data and health indicators were considered. An improved methodology using population mobility data that describes daily average Origin-Destination trips is proposed in this work to analyse the number of persons exposed. The results provide quantitative information on the number of attributable cases potentially prevented annually by reducing PM10 concentration to the levels established by the Air Quality Directive and proposed by WHO guidelines for this pollutant. An intercomparison of two approaches to process input data for the health risk analysis provides information on the sensitivity of the applied methodology.
{"title":"Health impact assessment of exposure to inhalable particles in Lisbon Metropolitan Area","authors":"D. Dias, O. Tchepel, C. Borrego","doi":"10.2495/EHR090091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090091","url":null,"abstract":"This study is focused on the assessment of potential health benefits in Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal, using the limit values defined by the new European Directive (2008/50/CE) for short and long-term exposure to PM10. For this purpose, the methodology of the WHO for Health Impact Assessment and Apheis guidelines for data collection was applied. The time series of PM10 concentrations measured within the study area at urban background stations together with demographic data and health indicators were considered. An improved methodology using population mobility data that describes daily average Origin-Destination trips is proposed in this work to analyse the number of persons exposed. The results provide quantitative information on the number of attributable cases potentially prevented annually by reducing PM10 concentration to the levels established by the Air Quality Directive and proposed by WHO guidelines for this pollutant. An intercomparison of two approaches to process input data for the health risk analysis provides information on the sensitivity of the applied methodology.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121823395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Waal, J. R. Jiménez-Rueda, D. Bonotto, C. Bertelli, H. M. Hoffmann, E. Fosshag, M. Santilli
This investigation was carried out in Patrocinio Paulista municipality, located in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Sugarcane has been extensively cultivated in the area in order to be utilized by the sugar and ethanol industries. The major effluent from the ethanol industry, vinasse, has been applied in the sugarcane fields as an alternative to supply several nutrients in crop production. Because it may represent a major environmental problem in that area, with implications to human health, soil samples from six points were collected and analyzed in order to evaluate the main factors related to the vinasse application in the ground. The importance of clays, iron oxides, organic matter and minor refractory minerals was also considered for explaining several relationships identified from the acquired data.
{"title":"Influence of the vinasse application in sugar cane fields in Patrocínio Paulista, São Paulo State, Brazil","authors":"A. Waal, J. R. Jiménez-Rueda, D. Bonotto, C. Bertelli, H. M. Hoffmann, E. Fosshag, M. Santilli","doi":"10.2495/EHR090111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090111","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation was carried out in Patrocinio Paulista municipality, located in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Sugarcane has been extensively cultivated in the area in order to be utilized by the sugar and ethanol industries. The major effluent from the ethanol industry, vinasse, has been applied in the sugarcane fields as an alternative to supply several nutrients in crop production. Because it may represent a major environmental problem in that area, with implications to human health, soil samples from six points were collected and analyzed in order to evaluate the main factors related to the vinasse application in the ground. The importance of clays, iron oxides, organic matter and minor refractory minerals was also considered for explaining several relationships identified from the acquired data.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":" 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132011353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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