E. Akay, Z. Okumuş, O. S. Yildirim, M. Bokhari, G. Akay
In order to achieve Process Intensification through monolithic micro-reactors in bioand chemical technology we examined the processing strategy in the human body, taking the liver as a typical organ. The macroand micro-architectural structure can be mimicked by using nano-structured micro-porous polymers which were used as support in tissue engineering and bioprocess intensification. It was shown that these materials could be used as bone transplant and they are integrated into the body. Their integration could be predicted through in vitro experiments. Metallic versions of these structures with a hierarchy of pore size were produced in order to obtain catalytic bioor chemical reactors operating at high temperature and/or pressure.
{"title":"Synthetic Organs For Transplant And Bio-mimicReactors For Process Intensification Using Nano-structured Micro-porous Materials","authors":"E. Akay, Z. Okumuş, O. S. Yildirim, M. Bokhari, G. Akay","doi":"10.2495/EHR110331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR110331","url":null,"abstract":"In order to achieve Process Intensification through monolithic micro-reactors in bioand chemical technology we examined the processing strategy in the human body, taking the liver as a typical organ. The macroand micro-architectural structure can be mimicked by using nano-structured micro-porous polymers which were used as support in tissue engineering and bioprocess intensification. It was shown that these materials could be used as bone transplant and they are integrated into the body. Their integration could be predicted through in vitro experiments. Metallic versions of these structures with a hierarchy of pore size were produced in order to obtain catalytic bioor chemical reactors operating at high temperature and/or pressure.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115831354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Gastaldi, S. Pastorelli, M. Caramella, U. Dimanico
The growing popularity of adaptive snowboarding has motivated the designs of new prostheses for lower limb amputees. In the paper the biomechanics of an amputee subject wearing an energy-storing trans-femoral prosthesis for snowboarding is investigated. Experimental motion analysis lab tests were conducted by two expert surfers, an amputee and an able body subject, in order to compare the different behaviours. Results for the two subjects and for different working conditions are reported and analysed. A strong dependence of the prosthesis behaviour on working conditions, especially on working frequency, can be pointed out
{"title":"Indoor motion analysis of a subject wearing prosthesis for adaptive snowboarding","authors":"L. Gastaldi, S. Pastorelli, M. Caramella, U. Dimanico","doi":"10.2495/EHR110311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR110311","url":null,"abstract":"The growing popularity of adaptive snowboarding has motivated the designs of new prostheses for lower limb amputees. In the paper the biomechanics of an amputee subject wearing an energy-storing trans-femoral prosthesis for snowboarding is investigated. Experimental motion analysis lab tests were conducted by two expert surfers, an amputee and an able body subject, in order to compare the different behaviours. Results for the two subjects and for different working conditions are reported and analysed. A strong dependence of the prosthesis behaviour on working conditions, especially on working frequency, can be pointed out","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121735963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on thermal comfort in hospital operating rooms (ORs). Thermal comfort depends on several factors such as temperature conditions of the operating room, insulation of protective clothing, stress, rate of metabolism and safety mechanisms in the body to keep core temperature stable. The modification of any of these elements triggers defense mechanisms which in extreme cases may lead to serious disturbances in the body. The maintenance of recommended standards (ISO 7330) concerning thermal conditions in operating rooms ensures the highest possible physical capabilities of the personnel while providing maximum safety for the patients. The purpose of the present work is to report the results obtained during an experimental campaign carried out at the Umberto I Hospital in Enna in order to improve efficiency of HVAC installations to secure thermal comfort in the operating rooms.
{"title":"Thermal Comfort In Operating Rooms:A Case Study","authors":"F. Patania, A. Gagliano, F. Nocera, A. Galesi","doi":"10.2495/EHR110101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR110101","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on thermal comfort in hospital operating rooms (ORs). Thermal comfort depends on several factors such as temperature conditions of the operating room, insulation of protective clothing, stress, rate of metabolism and safety mechanisms in the body to keep core temperature stable. The modification of any of these elements triggers defense mechanisms which in extreme cases may lead to serious disturbances in the body. The maintenance of recommended standards (ISO 7330) concerning thermal conditions in operating rooms ensures the highest possible physical capabilities of the personnel while providing maximum safety for the patients. The purpose of the present work is to report the results obtained during an experimental campaign carried out at the Umberto I Hospital in Enna in order to improve efficiency of HVAC installations to secure thermal comfort in the operating rooms.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122280266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diesel motor emissions are a major source of ultrafine particles as research shows that the particulate fraction of diesel exhaust consists mainly of very small particles, which rapidly agglomerate to form clumps of particles with <1 μm aerodynamic size. Substantial scientific evidence supports that inhalation of emissions from diesel exhaust particulates is associated with a range of adverse health effects. Measurements have shown that underground miners can be exposed to over 100 times the typical environmental concentrations of diesel particulate matter (DPM) and over 10 times the concentration measured in other work environments where diesel engines are common. This paper reports personal and environmental exposures to DPM in an underground mine in Western Australia. The findings demonstrated that the DPM concentration exceeded the provisional 8-hour time weighted average exposure standard of 0.1 mg/m 3 for most of the assessed locations. The elemental analysis indicated high concentrations of silica and iron in DPM which could be potentially associated with some adverse health effects including respiratory illnesses and irritating effects. Thermal comfort underground was also assessed and the results showed non compliance with the standards of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
{"title":"Assessment of diesel particulate matter exposure among underground mine workers","authors":"D. Bertolatti, K. Rumchev, B. Mullins","doi":"10.2495/EHR110021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR110021","url":null,"abstract":"Diesel motor emissions are a major source of ultrafine particles as research shows that the particulate fraction of diesel exhaust consists mainly of very small particles, which rapidly agglomerate to form clumps of particles with <1 μm aerodynamic size. Substantial scientific evidence supports that inhalation of emissions from diesel exhaust particulates is associated with a range of adverse health effects. Measurements have shown that underground miners can be exposed to over 100 times the typical environmental concentrations of diesel particulate matter (DPM) and over 10 times the concentration measured in other work environments where diesel engines are common. This paper reports personal and environmental exposures to DPM in an underground mine in Western Australia. The findings demonstrated that the DPM concentration exceeded the provisional 8-hour time weighted average exposure standard of 0.1 mg/m 3 for most of the assessed locations. The elemental analysis indicated high concentrations of silica and iron in DPM which could be potentially associated with some adverse health effects including respiratory illnesses and irritating effects. Thermal comfort underground was also assessed and the results showed non compliance with the standards of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132938986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relation between the exposure response to toxic gases, such as arsine, and the exposure time is almost non linear in a large domain of time. This non linear behaviour is especially visible when closer to the 0% lethal level, or closer to the 100% lethal level. An allometric behaviour has been displayed between the linear extrapolated exposure time corresponding to the 0% lethal level and the time corresponding to the medium of the linearity domain at a given concentration. Different methods have been used when displaying this allometry in order to ensure validity and reliability.
{"title":"Allometry Displayed In The Case Of Response ToSingle Exposure To Arsine And Its Use In TheExtraction Of The 0% Lethal Level","authors":"A. Guenda","doi":"10.2495/EHR090331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090331","url":null,"abstract":"The relation between the exposure response to toxic gases, such as arsine, and the exposure time is almost non linear in a large domain of time. This non linear behaviour is especially visible when closer to the 0% lethal level, or closer to the 100% lethal level. An allometric behaviour has been displayed between the linear extrapolated exposure time corresponding to the 0% lethal level and the time corresponding to the medium of the linearity domain at a given concentration. Different methods have been used when displaying this allometry in order to ensure validity and reliability.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127710773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A large body of epidemiological research has found an association between increased particulate air pollution and acute and chronic respiratory symptoms. One area of aerosol science that is currently of much interest, and is the focus of this article, is the formation of particles by combustion. Our major concern is with so-called “nanoparticles” (diameter less than 50 nm), which can be formed, for example, from diesel engine and can be associated with health effects. One of the objectives of this pilot study was to characterize the NanoMoudi Model 125B which a second generation micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor. This new equipment is designed for sampling atmospheric aerosols and also for diesel emission monitoring and analysis. As part of this study the concentrations of particles with different size including PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0 were also measured at different locations away from busy road within Perth metropolitan area using TSI DustTrakTM 8520 Aerosol Particulate Monitor and TSI P-Trak 8525 Ultrafine Particle Counter. The results of the study showed that the NanoMoudi could be used to successfully collect and analyze fine and ultrafine particles including diesel particulates. Further to this, people who lived closer to busy roads were more likely to be exposed to higher concentrations of ultrafine particles which could be associated with adverse health effects.
{"title":"Size distribution and elemental composition of ultrafine and nanoparticles","authors":"D. Bertolatti, K. Rumchev","doi":"10.2495/EHR090051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090051","url":null,"abstract":"A large body of epidemiological research has found an association between increased particulate air pollution and acute and chronic respiratory symptoms. One area of aerosol science that is currently of much interest, and is the focus of this article, is the formation of particles by combustion. Our major concern is with so-called “nanoparticles” (diameter less than 50 nm), which can be formed, for example, from diesel engine and can be associated with health effects. One of the objectives of this pilot study was to characterize the NanoMoudi Model 125B which a second generation micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor. This new equipment is designed for sampling atmospheric aerosols and also for diesel emission monitoring and analysis. As part of this study the concentrations of particles with different size including PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0 were also measured at different locations away from busy road within Perth metropolitan area using TSI DustTrakTM 8520 Aerosol Particulate Monitor and TSI P-Trak 8525 Ultrafine Particle Counter. The results of the study showed that the NanoMoudi could be used to successfully collect and analyze fine and ultrafine particles including diesel particulates. Further to this, people who lived closer to busy roads were more likely to be exposed to higher concentrations of ultrafine particles which could be associated with adverse health effects.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128072952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last few decades laser eye surgery has been implemented in various ophthalmic procedures. The most important issue with laser eye surgery is the estimation of temperature rise in eye tissues due to the absorption of high intensity laser radiation. The 2D model of the human eye, using the Finite Elements Method, is developed in order to study the temperature distribution in human eyes subjected to radiation by two infrared lasers, the 1064 nm Nd:YAG and the 2090 nm Ho:YAG laser. The mathematical model is based on the space–time dependent Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation supplemented with natural boundary condition equations for the cornea and the sclera. The results could prove to be useful in predicting the damage to intraocular tissues due to heating by infrared laser radiation.
{"title":"Thermal Modelling Of The Human Eye ExposedTo Infrared Radiation Of 1064 Nm Nd:YAGAnd 2090 Nm Ho:YAG Lasers","authors":"A. Peratta, D. Poljak","doi":"10.2495/EHR090221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090221","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few decades laser eye surgery has been implemented in various ophthalmic procedures. The most important issue with laser eye surgery is the estimation of temperature rise in eye tissues due to the absorption of high intensity laser radiation. The 2D model of the human eye, using the Finite Elements Method, is developed in order to study the temperature distribution in human eyes subjected to radiation by two infrared lasers, the 1064 nm Nd:YAG and the 2090 nm Ho:YAG laser. The mathematical model is based on the space–time dependent Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation supplemented with natural boundary condition equations for the cornea and the sclera. The results could prove to be useful in predicting the damage to intraocular tissues due to heating by infrared laser radiation.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132076742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Shandala, N. Novikova, A. Titov, A. Filonova, V. Seregin
Dynamical examination of contents of the observed natural radionuclides in prime foodstuffs demonstrated their relative stability. Generally, Pb and Ra specific activities in foodstuffs depend upon the food type and options of agriculture management. Many-year researches show that average specific activities of Pb and Ra for different foodstuffs vary over the range 0.04-0.15 Bq/kg and 0.02-0.08 Bq/kg. Soil dependence of Pb and Ra contents in foodstuffs has not been revealed. Taking into account the food patterns of the Russian population, the highest intake of Pb and Ra is due to ingestion of bread, meat and drinking water. Annual effective internal doses are about 50 μSv/a.
{"title":"Contents Of Natural Radium-226 And Lead-210In Foods Produced Within The Russian Territory","authors":"N. Shandala, N. Novikova, A. Titov, A. Filonova, V. Seregin","doi":"10.2495/EHR090261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EHR090261","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamical examination of contents of the observed natural radionuclides in prime foodstuffs demonstrated their relative stability. Generally, Pb and Ra specific activities in foodstuffs depend upon the food type and options of agriculture management. Many-year researches show that average specific activities of Pb and Ra for different foodstuffs vary over the range 0.04-0.15 Bq/kg and 0.02-0.08 Bq/kg. Soil dependence of Pb and Ra contents in foodstuffs has not been revealed. Taking into account the food patterns of the Russian population, the highest intake of Pb and Ra is due to ingestion of bread, meat and drinking water. Annual effective internal doses are about 50 μSv/a.","PeriodicalId":370021,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115193574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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