Turkish Journal of Orthodontics最新文献

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the opinions of adolescents and adults regarding nonconventional methods and their associated payment options in Turkey.

Methods: A total of 183 subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire to evaluate their perception of various nonconventional acceleration methods: corticotomy, piezocision, micro-osteoperforation, vibration, drug injection, and customized appliances. The questionnaire also investigated how willing the patients would be to pay more and how much more they would accept to reduce the treatment time.

Results: About 38.7% of the adolescents and 44.4% of the adults were willing to undergo an additional procedure, and 59.6% of both groups chose customized appliances as their first preference as a way of accelerating the treatment process. About 45.4% of the total participants were neutral about paying more to reduce treatment time. Those patients who were willing to pay more accepted a maximum increase of only 10% even if that meant a 50% decrease in treatment time.

Conclusion: Adults were slightly less tolerant of the duration of orthodontic treatment than adolescents and were more likely to undergo additional procedures and pay more for a shorter treatment time. In addition, the invasiveness of each procedure was the primary factor given when choosing an acceleration method, rather than its reduction rate.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of large retraction of incisors on the adaptive changes in the posterior pharyngeal wall and soft palate during comprehensive orthodontic treatment.

Methods: Twenty-seven females with Class I mild crowding or spacing who required non-extraction treatment (group I) and 34 females with Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion who required all first premolars extraction for the retraction of their incisors (group II) were included in the study. The effects of non-extraction and incisor retraction following all first premolars extraction orthodontic treatment on the sagittal dimensions of pharyngeal airway passage and posterior pharyngeal wall thickness were evaluated from pre- and post-treatment cephalograms.

Results: The dimensions of pharyngeal airway passage were comparable among the groups. The length of the soft palate increased (P < .01) and the thickness of the soft palate decreased (P < .01) following retraction of incisors, and the difference between the groups was significant (P < .05). The posterior pharyngeal wall thickness was reduced significantly at PPWT2 (P < .05), PPWT3 (P < .001), PPWT4 (P < .001), PPWT5 (P < .001), and PPWT6 (P < .01) regions following retraction of the incisors, and the difference between the groups was statistically highly significant.

Conclusions: The large retraction of incisors during comprehensive orthodontic treatment in Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion malocclusion subjects did not affect the sagittal dimensions of pharyngeal airway passage, but the thickness of the posterior pharyngeal wall reduced significantly as an adaptation to maintain the patency of the upper airway.

Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the effect of different levels of Streptococcus mutans that correspond to a low risk of dental caries on nickel release and to determine the viability of S. mutans.

Methods: Simulated fixed orthodontic appliances composed of copper nickel titanium, nickel titanium, or stainless steel were immersed in Klimek artificial saliva for 10 days with or without S. mutans inoculation on day 7. Same levels of S. mutans cultures (4 × 104 cfu/mL) were inoculated into the artificial saliva without orthodontic appliances. Nickel release was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The archwire surface was analyzed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Results: The density of S. mutans significantly increased in the artificial saliva without orthodontic appliances (P < .05). Appliances with nickel titanium alloys showed higher nickel release in the artificial saliva with or without S. mutans than those with copper nickel titanium or stainless steel archwires (P < .05). However, S. mutans increased nickel release only in orthodontic appliances with stainless steel archwires (P < .05). Although atomic force microscopy showed that the surface of as-received stainless steel archwires was smoother than that of nickel titanium or nickel titanium archwires, S. mutans increased the surface roughness of only the SS archwires. S. mutans adhered to all archwire types.

Conclusion: While corrosion or corrosion-related processes may have decreased the growth capacity of S. mutans, reciprocally, S. mutans influenced corrosion. Rough surfaces can also promote corrosion; therefore, the surface roughness of metal alloy orthodontic appliances should be evaluated to determine their corrosion behavior.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of twin block functional appliance three dimensionally on mandibular third molars angulation and eruption space.

Methods: This retrospective study included cone beam computer tomography (CBCTs) of 34 Class II females (11.84 ± 0.94 years) who were divided into 2 groups. The first group received a standard twin block appliance (intervention group), while the other was considered as a control. CBCT images were obtained for all patients before the start of the intervention (T0) and after the active phase (9.4 ± 1.33 months) in the intervention group and at the beginning (T0) and after the observation period (T1) in the control group (8.12 ± 2.72 months). Measurements for the retromolar space were performed on the axial views, while those for molar angulation were performed on sagittal views as well as CBCT panoramic reformatted images.

Results: Both twin block and control groups showed non-significant changes in the angular measurements (sagittal L8/MP° and panoramic L8/MP°) denoting lack of change in the angulation of the third molars in relation to the mandibular plane after treatment. On the other hand, retromolar spaces showed a statistically significant increase (P ≤ .05) in both groups. The change was much significant for the twin block group, measuring 1.95 mm and 1.56 mm on the right and left sides, respectively, as compared to the control group which revealed less than 1 mm increase in the retromolar space on both the right and left sides.

Conclusions: In spite of their positive impact on the retromolar space, twin block bite jumping appliances have a non-significant influence on the angulation of the developing mandibular third molars.

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the alteration in the facial soft tissue thickness after rapid maxillary expansion with facemask treatment in bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) Class III patients and noncleft Class III patients.

Methods: Case records including lateral cephalograms of 30 patients (19 females, 11 males) treated using a rapid maxillary expansion with facemask treatment were analyzed. Group I (age: 11.4 ± 1.02 years) (10 females, 5 males) consisted of noncleft skeletal Class III patients, and group II (age: 10.8 ± 0.84 years) (9 females, 6 males) comprised skeletal Class III patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate. Fifteen hard tissue and 10 soft tissue measurements were made at the beginning and at the end of the treatment to evaluate the change with rapid maxillary expansion combined facemask treatment.

Results: The bilateral cleft lip and palate group displayed a statistically significant increase in the thickness of the subnasale, labrale superius, labrale inferius, labiomentale, and pogonion, whereas the thickness of the stomion was found to be significantly decreased. The noncleft group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the thickness of the stomion and gnathion. There was a statistically significant difference between the bilateral cleft lip and palate and noncleft groups in the facial soft tissue thickness measurements at labrale superius, gnathion, and subnasale points and in Y axis, U1-SN, U1-NA in the hard tissue measurements.

Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that the rapid maxillary expansion with facemask treatment produced diverse alterations in the facial soft tissue thickness of bilateral cleft lip and palate patients and noncleft Class III patients.

Objective: The current study aimed to systematically review the randomized clinical trials assessing the preventive effect of professional fluoride interventions on enamel demineralization in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Methods: The electronic search was performed in PubMed and Cochrane library in September 2021. No restriction was set on the publication date. Randomized clinical trials assessing the preventive effect of fluoride varnish, gel, mouthwash, and high-fluoride toothpaste on white spot lesions compared to the control group by clinical or radiographic methods in more than 10 patients were included.

Results: A total of 7 articles consisting of 1418 participants were included. In 4 articles, fluoride varnish (contained a range of 1000-50 000 ppm fluoride) was applied multiple times (4-20 times) in test groups. Their results indicated that the test groups significantly had lesser new white spot lesions or advanced white spot lesions. One study used fluoride varnish only once at the beginning of treatment and reported no significant difference in white spot lesions compared to the control group. Application of high-fluoride toothpaste as well as fluoride mouthwash, also, showed significantly lower white spot lesions. Three studies were included in the meta-analysis and revealed that the relative risk of white spot lesions was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.40 to 0.89; P < .01) in favor of fluoride varnish.

Conclusion: Multiple applications (4-20 times) of fluoride varnish or daily use of fluoride mouthwash or high-fluoride toothpaste seem to reduce white spot lesions in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. However, single use of fluoride varnish was not effective. Further research is needed to establish the required number of fluoride applications for the prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to specify whether there are mesiodistal tooth size discrepancies in the anterior region in patients with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment and to assess the relationship between anterior Bolton ratio and dentoskeletal cephalometric measurements.

Methods: The diagnostic dental casts and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 113 nongrowing patients (54 females and 59 males; mean age: 19.96 ± 4.42 years) with dentoskeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment were included in the study. The mesiodistal widths of the 6 anterior teeth were measured from dental casts using a digital caliper accurate to 0.01 mm and anterior Bolton ratios were calculated. Lateral cephalograms were digitalized and used to measure 4 skeletal and 4 dental parameters.

Results: The mean anterior ratio of Class III surgical patients was 80.1% with a standard deviation of 2.8%. Clinically significant anterior tooth size discrepancies (greater than ±2 standard deviation) were found in 40.7% of the sample, 97.8% of those patients having anterior mandibular tooth excess. No significant correlation was found between the anterior Bolton ratio and cephalometric measurements.

Conclusion: Clinicians should consider the probability of tooth size discrepancy in the diagnosis and treatment planning of Class III surgical patients and should perform interventions to eliminate these discrepancies during presurgical orthodontic treatment.

Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate cephalometric mandibular dimensions in growing Anatolian Turkish children and to identify the periods of rapid growth for boys and girls. Furthermore, the secondary aim was to compare obtained values with published standards in the literature.

Methods: A total of 528 pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs, grouped according to age and sex, were analyzed. Effective mandibular length, ramus height, and corpus lengths were comparatively evaluated within age groups for boys and girls and between sexes for the same age group. Data acquired from this study were compared with American, Canadian, Chinese, and European norms. Growth curves for mandible were constructed for each sex group.

Results: Effective mandibular length was almost always significantly longer in boys, except for 9- and 12-year-age groups. Effective mandibular length in girls increased significantly between ages 8 and 10, 10 and 12, and 11 and 13 years, while in boys between ages 8 and 10, 9 and 11, and 13 and 15 years. Turkish girls had significantly shorter effective mandibular lengths than American girls at age 14. No significant difference was found between Turkish and Chinese girls and boys. Turkish girls and boys had significantly shorter corpus lengths from their Norwegian counterparts at age 12.

Conclusion: Except for 9- and 12-year-age groups, effective mandibular length was almost always significantly longer in boys compared to the girls. It is suggested to use norm values from more recently conducted studies and which are representative of the studied population. Growth curves can be used to predict the approximate mandibular dimensions at a particular age.

Herein, we report the orthodontic management of a patient with excessive bone and permanent tooth loss after surgical cyst removal. The patient was a 13-year-old Japanese boy who was referred to our department by an oral surgeon. He had an edentulous space with alveolar bone loss and loss of 2 permanent molars in the left mandibular region, following surgical removal of a large dentigerous cyst. We decided to close this space orthodontically. First, we moved the left mandibular second premolar into the edentulous region and autotransplanted the left maxillary lateral incisor in the adjacent distal space. We then performed comprehensive orthodontic treatment to establish stable occlusion. Following treatment, functional and stable occlusion of all permanent teeth was achieved without any spaces. The findings from this case suggest that orthodontic treatment is effective in growing patients with edentulous spaces and alveolar bone loss.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiety levels of orthodontic patients during the 1-year period in the ongoing pandemic.

Methods: The study included patients between the ages of 12 and 30 years and who were continuing their fixed orthodontic treatment at Adıyaman University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and filled out the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A total of 266 patients filled out the questionnaire at their first clinical visit between June 8 and July 8, 2020 (T0) and 176 of 190 patients (response rate: 92.63%) that were still under treatment filled out the questionnaire for a second time between June 15 and July 16, 2021 (T1).

Results: In the total population, there was a significant decrease in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-S score (P < .05), while there was no significant change in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-T score (P > .05). Anxiety scores were significantly higher in women and individuals aged over 18 years at T0 (P < .05), whereas only the anxiety scores of individuals aged over 18 years were significantly higher in T1 than in individuals aged below 18 years (P < .05). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-S score showed a significant decrease at T1 compared to T0 for female patients (36.02 ± 11.32 vs. 38.82 ± 9.84) and patients aged under 18 years (34.26 ± 9.54 vs. 36.85 ± 9.26) (P < .05).

Conclusion: The state anxiety levels of orthodontic patients decreased during the 1-year period of the pandemic, while there was no significant change in their trait anxiety levels.