Turkish Journal of Orthodontics最新文献

Orthodontics stands on a junction where traditional analog appliance manufacturing slowly but steadily changes to a digital one with the use of 3D technology. The main cause of this shift was the invention and use of computers. The use of computers, computer-aided design (CAD) software, computerized machines, and newly invented materials allowed this change to occur in a relatively short time in dentistry and orthodontics. The trigger for this transformation is the ability to digitally scan the oral cavity. CAD software and 3D printers already existed. It took a few years to include this technology in orthodontics and continuously apply it in the orthodontic office. Orthodontic treatment is mainly based on the use of fixed appliances, while in the last years, thermoformed aligners have been introduced as an alternative whenever a more invisible treatment modality is preferred. Clear aligner treatment is performed using thermoformed aligner. A new aligner resin has been recently invented to allow direct aligner printing. Directly printed aligner possess many advantages compared to thermoformed one. Research has been initiated to investigate all the aspects of the workflow and aligner printing outcome. More studies must be performed to look into the various aspects of directly printed aligners.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) appliance on craniofacial structures, bite force and periodontal status in Class II malocclusion patients.

Methods: In this prospective interventional follow-up study, thirteen (13) Class II Division 1 patients in their post-adolescent age group with average age of 17.10 ± 1.63 year was treated with Forsus FRD. They were assessed for craniofacial changes, bite force and periodontal status at baseline, after alignment and leveling, after removal of FRD.

Results: Improvement in soft tissue profile was due to significant dentoalveolar changes. There were significant decreases in overjet, overbite, reference line to upper first molar, H angle (p<0.001) and significant increases in upper lip to E-line, reference line to lower molar and angular measurements like nasolabial angle, U1 to SN plane, Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle (p<0.001). The bite force was significantly decreased on the molar and the incisor region (p<0.001). A significant increase in plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth was noticed without any significant clinical attachment loss.

Conclusion: Class II correction with Forsus FRD appliance was mainly due to significant dentoalveolar changes. Skeletal changes were non-significant. A decrease in the bite force was found with FRD. The magnitude of bite force was more in males compared with females. The increase in GI, PI, pocket probing depth implies the necessity of oral hygiene and plaque control measures. However, there was no significant change in clinical attachment level.

Objective: To determine whether multiple siblings resemble one another in their craniofacial characteristics as measured on cephalometric radiographs.

Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively using the Forsyth Moorrees twin sample. A total of 32 families were included, each with ≥4 postpubertal siblings, totaling 142 subjects. Only 1 monozygotic twin was included per family. Headfilms were digitized, skeletal landmarks were located, and 6 parameters that indicated sagittal jaw relationships and vertical status were measured. Diverse statistical approaches were used. Dixon's Q-test detected outliers in a family for a given parameter. Manhattan Distance quantified similarity among siblings per parameter. Scatter plots visually displayed subject's measure relative to the mean and standard deviation of each parameter to assess the clinical relevance of the differences.

Results: A total of 11 families (34.4%) had no outliers on any parameter, 13 families (40.6%) had outliers on 1 parameter, and 8 families (25%) had outliers on ≥2 parameters. We identified 29 individuals with at least 1 outlying measure (20.4%). Among these, only 2 individuals (1.4%) were significantly different from their siblings for more than 1 measurement. Although the majority of the families did not demonstrate any statistical outlier, the ranges of the measurements were clinically relevant as they might suggest different treatment. For example, the mean range of SNB (Sella-Nasion-B point) angles was 7.23°, and the mean range of MPA was 9.42°.

Conclusion: Although families are generally not dissimilar in their craniofacial characteristics, measurements from siblings cannot be used to predict the measurements of another sibling in a clinically meaningful way.

Objective: This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the role of fixed orthodontic treatment in the aggravation, precipitation, or alleviation of temporomandibular disorders in young adults.

Methods: Sixty patients were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 15 patients each (group I, orthodontic treatment in temporomandibular disorder-free orthodontic patients; group II, orthodontic treatment in patients with mild symptoms of temporomandibular disorders; group III, splint therapy accompanied by orthodontic treatment in patients with moderate symptoms; and group IV, control with no treatment). The biometric equipment used were the T-scan, to analyze the occlusal component; the BioEMG for muscular analysis; BioJVA for temporomandibular joint acoustic analysis; and JT3D for mandibular kinematic analysis. The paired t-test and ANOVA were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons, respectively. The difference between groups was assessed using post hoc Tukey's test.

Results: Groups I and III showed significant difference in the occlusal, muscular, temporomandibular joint vibration, and kinematic mandibular assessment variables. Group II showed significant improvement in occlusal variables only. Group IV did not show improvement in any of the variables except for certain muscular components.

Conclusion: Successful practical utilization of biometric equipment revealed that fixed orthodontic treatment does not aggravate temporomandibular disorders. It was also found that temporomandibular disorders due to malocclusion can be treated successfully with orthodontic treatment, whereas temporomandibular disorders due to multifactorial temporomandibular joint and muscular components might require splint therapy before orthodontic intervention.

Objective: Peeling of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)-coated esthetic arch wires results in rough surfaces that may cause plaque accumulation, and the exposed core material may not meet the esthetic expectations of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vivo surface roughness, Streptococcus mutans colonization, and color stability of Teflon-coated arch wires from 3 different manufacturers.

Methods: Surface roughness and color data of 0.016-inch and 0.016 × 0.022-inch Teflon-coated arch wires from 3 different manufacturers were recorded as they were received (T0) and after 28 days of clinical exposure (retrieved) (T1) using an atomic force microscope and a spectrophotometer. The amount of S. mutans was assessed in terms of colony-forming units on the as-received and retrieved wires.

Results: The surface roughness increased significantly, and a clinically noticeable color change was observed in all groups after clinical use (P < .005). There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of S. mutans adhesion for most of the wires. No significant correlation was found between the amount of S. mutans adhesion and the surface roughness.

Conclusion: All the arch wires showed increased surface roughness and clinically noticeable color change. The surface roughness values were not found to be correlated with the amount of S. mutans adhesion.

Objective: To compare the changes in the perception towards orthodontics between the first and second decades over the 20-year period based on a collaborative hypertext dictionary site.

Methods: The orthodontics-related entries were searched on the EksiSozluk website (http://www.eksisozluk.com). The keyword was determined as "diş teli" ("brace") and a total of 1,028 entries that were contributed between 2001 and 2021 were analyzed. Entries were divided into five general categories based on their content: definition, asking for advice, humor, advertising, and transfer of experience. The transfer of experience category was further divided into four subcategories: procedure, motivation, advice, and complaint. For each entry, the attitude of the contributor was also noted. Entries were compared between the two decades with regard to content and attitude towards orthodontics.

Results: The average number of entries contributed per year was 13.40 ± 10.58 in the first decade and was 89.40 ± 44.67 in the second decade, the increase was statistically significant (P < .05). A significant difference was observed between the two decades in terms of content (P < .05). There was a proportional decrease in the definition and an increase in the transfer of experience. Moreover, the rate of entries containing a complaint decreased and motivation increased in the second decade (P < .05). On the other hand, there was also a significant change between the two decades with regard to the distribution of attitudes, whereby the rate of positive entries increased in the second decade (P < .05).

Conclusion: The contributors' attitudes towards orthodontics shifted from negative in the first decade to positive in the second decade.

Objective: This review aimed at analyzing the literature comparing vacuum-formed retainers and lingual-bonded retainers for maintaining treatment stability and periodontal health and evaluating retainer failure and patient satisfaction.

Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched. Only randomized controlled trials were involved. Risk of bias was evaluated using Risk of Bias 2 Tool. Meta-analysis was performed and certainty of evidence was assessed with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.

Results: Five randomized controlled trials were included for qualitative analysis and 2 studies were included for quantitative analysis. Two studies concluded that lingual-bonded retainers were more effective than vacuum-formed retainers in maintaining treatment stability. Two studies had a high risk of bias and 3 studies had some concerns. No statistically significant difference in Little's Irregularity Index (standard mean difference = -0.10; P value = .61), inter-canine width (standard mean difference = 0.66; P value = .09), inter-molar width (standard mean difference = 0.08; P value = .85), arch length (standard mean difference = -0.18; P value = .60) between the 2 retainers was noted. Periodontal status and retainer failure rate (odds ratio= 2.28; P value = .23) were similar in both retainers. Patient discomfort, soreness, and speech difficulty were more with vacuum-formed retainers and oral hygiene maintenance was easier with vacuum-formed retainers.

Conclusion: A very low-level certainty of evidence suggests that both vacuum-formed retainers and lingual-bonded retainers were equally effective in maintaining treatment stability. Periodontal status and retainer failures were similar in both retainers. Vacuum-formed retainers were better for oral hygiene maintenance but were associated with discomfort, soreness, and speech difficulty than lingual-bonded retainers.

Objective: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the orbicularis oris superior and masseter muscle activity changes after upper incisor protrusion in CII/2 malocclusion.

Methods: A total of 20 patients (mean age 10.29 ± 0.90 years) with CII/2 malocclusion were selected for the study group. A total of 15 patients (mean age 10.56 ± 1.06 years) with Angle Class I malocclusion were recruited as control. Upper incisors were protruded with utility arch in the study group. Muscle activities were evaluated with Biopac MP150 surface electromyography device before and after upper incisor proclination and at the 6-month retention. Orbicularis oris superior and left-right masseter muscles were recorded during rest electromyography and maximum contraction electromyography. Repeated measures and two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis.

Results: A significant change occurred over time in orbicularis oris superior (P < 0.001), left masseter (P < 0.01) and right masseter (P < 0.05) maximum contraction electromyography in the CII/2 group. However, a significant difference was not found between groups P > 0.05. In the CII/2 group, orbicularis oris superior maximum contraction electromyography value was increased after upper incisor protrusion and this increase remained stable. Left masseter and right masseter maximum contraction electromyography measurements were decreased after protrusion and then increased after retention significantly. Rest electromyography values for all muscles were not statistically significant. No significant differences with the control group were found.

Conclusion: Upper incisor protrusion increased orbicularis oris superior activity and the increase remained stable after retention. Masseter activities decreased after protrusion and then increased to the initial values. These changes did not show significant differences with the control group.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the morphologic characteristics of condyle and glenoid fossa in different sagittal skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the lateral cephalometric and cone-beam computed tomography images of 90 patients were evaluated. The patients were categorized into three equal groups of sagittal skeletal patterns, according to the ANB angle. The greatest anteroposterior and mediolateral diameters of the mandibular condyles, as well as the angle between the long axis of the mandibular condyles and the midsagittal plane, were measured on the axial view of cone-beam computed tomography images. The anterior joint space, superior joint space, posterior joint space, articular eminence inclination, depth of the glenoid fossa, and width of the glenoid fossa were also measured on the central sagittal slices. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's post hoc test and chi-square test were performed.

Results: Patients with the skeletal Class III had a significantly higher articular eminence inclination, while Class II patients had a lower articular eminence inclination (P = .001). In Class III patients, the depth of the glenoid fossa was greater, and the width of the glenoid fossa was smaller than in the other groups (P < .01). The anterior and posterior joint space did not show any significant differences between the 3 groups.

Conclusion: There were significant differences in some morphological characteristics of the condyle and glenoid fossa in patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns; therefore, this relationship should be considered in the treatment of these patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the tie wing fracture resistance of 4 different manufacturers' ceramic brackets currently on the market.

Methods: The tie wings of ceramic brackets from 4 manufacturers were tested with 10 samples in each group. The brackets were Ormco Symetri, 3M Clarity, American Radiance Plus, and Dentsply Ovation S. The brackets were mounted and fixed in a universal testing machine. A stainless steel ligature wire was looped around a tie wing and the mean tensile strength was both tested and recorded.

Results: There was a significant overall difference in tensile strength among the 4 groups (P < .0001) with the 3M Clarity brackets having the highest MPa. When the groups were compared to each other, they also showed a significant difference in mean tensile strength with the exception being the American Radiance Plus and Ormco Symetri brackets.

Conclusion: Test results concluded that the 3M Clarity brackets had the highest resistance to tie wing fracture, while the Dentsply Ovation S brackets had the lowest resistance.