Turkish Journal of Orthodontics最新文献

This systematic review was intended to evaluate the maxillary sinus dimensions in vertical and sagittal craniofacial patterns and to assess if there was a difference among the craniofacial patterns. A systematic search was performed in seven databases till February 2021. The risk of bias was performed with modified Newcastle Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects model. Twelve studies were included in the review and 8 in the meta-analysis. Compared to Class I malocclusion, the maxillary sinus area is greater in Class II and lesser in Class III malocclusion. On comparing normo-divergent growth pattern, the maxillary sinus area is lesser in hypo-divergent and greater in hyper-divergent individuals. Most of the studies were graded as satisfactory. The measurements are greater in hyper-divergent Class II malocclusion and in males.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the rate of orthodontic tooth movement assisted by piezocision and discission in extraction cases.

Methods: Twelve adults (20-35 years) requiring upper premolar extraction for orthodontic treatment were included in this preliminary parallel-arm clinical study. Participants (randomly allocated) in Groups A and B received piezocision and discision-assisted corticotomy cuts at the premolar extraction site, respectively, contralateral side served as the control. Canine retraction was started bilaterally using closed coil NiTi (Nickel titanium) springs. A schedule of fortnightly activation was followed for 3 months. Stage models were made monthly (M0, M1, M2, M3). Models were scanned using a 3-shape intraoral scanner, and the displacement of the canine was measured bilaterally in the stage models. A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess patients pain and satisfaction levels on a visual analogue scale.

Results: The rate of canine retraction at the piezocision site was twice that at the control site in group A (p=0.007). The rate of canine retraction at the dissection site was twice that at the control site in group B (p=0.012). However, there was no significant difference in the rate of retraction between the two surgical techniques. Pain and disturbance were noticed in the discission group at 50 and 67% respectively.

Conclusion: Discision is comparable to piezocision for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Although dissection can speed orthodontic treatment, it should be used with caution as it could pose technical and clinical difficulties, particularly in the posterior buccal region of the oral cavity.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the maxillary and mandibular transverse dental arch widths and buccolingual inclinations of the molar teeth in patients with and without bilateral posterior crossbite (BPC) divided into different age groups.

Methods: The study included dental models from 120 patients (age: 12-18 years), including 60 with BPC (32 boys and 28 girls) and 60 without BPC (controls; 30 boys and 30 girls), who were divided into three age groups (12-14, 14-16, and 16-18 years). The centroid and lingual transverse arch widths, dental arch perimeters, dental arch depths, and buccolingual angulation of the molar teeth in the maxillary and mandibular regions were evaluated using scanned three-dimensional dental models.

Results: Dental arch parameters and buccolingual molar angulation did not significantly differ between the different age groups in either the patients with BPC or the controls (p>0.05). However, several dental arch width parameters differed significantly between sexes in both groups, with higher values in boys than in girls (p<0.05). The difference in the upper and lower molar buccolingual angulation between patients with BPC and controls was greater at the age of 16-18 years than the age of 12-14 years (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Patients with BPC have smaller maxillary dental arch widths and larger mandibular intermolar widths than those without BPC. The difference in the molar buccolingual angulation between them increases with advancing age.

Objective: To compare the short-term effects of the conventional twin-block (TB) appliance and the cervical headgear TB (CHG-TB) appliance on craniofacial structures.

Methods: The retrospective controlled study examined lateral cephalograms taken from 46 growing subjects. Individuals were divided into two groups according to the treatment. Group I consisted of 15 individuals (9 girls, 6 boys, mean age: 12.34±1.23 years) treated with the TB appliance and Group II consisted of 16 individuals (9 girls, 7 boys) treated with the CHG-TB appliance (mean age: 12.50±1.30 years). To distinguish the treatment effects of these appliances on growth, a control group of 15 untreated individuals (9 girls, 6 boys, mean age: 11.82±1.16 years) was included from the archives.

Results: Significant improvements were found in the interdental and maxillo-mandibular measurements in the treatment groups (p<0.001). Significant differences were observed in the SNA, SN/PP, and SN/GoGn values in the CHG-TB group compared to other groups (p<0.05). The mandible showed a significant downward movement in both treatment groups compared with the control group (p<0.001), while the change in SNB angle was statistically significant only in the TB group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Lower incisors showed significant proclination only in the TB group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The CHG-TB appliance was found to be more effective in limiting maxillary growth and preventing lower incisor proclination compared with the TB appliance, whereas the TB appliance was more effective in anterior mandibular movement.

This systematic review aimed to assess salivary flow and pH changes at various stages of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. A comprehensive searches in electronic databases, including Medline, ResearchGate, Web of Science, SAGE Journals, Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, and ScienceDirect, without any publication date restrictions until January 2022 was conducted. The Pre-ferred Reporting Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA 2020 version) protocol was adopted and the risk of bias assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies. Out of 4902 articles, 25 were fully evaluated, and seven studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The results showed that orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances increased the stimulated salivary flow rate during various stages of treatment. However, the unstimulated salivary flow rate showed different changes. Furthermore, stimulated salivary pH increased, whereas unstimulated salivary pH significantly decreased, depending on the specific period of orthodontic treatment. Overall, fixed orthodontic appliances have an impact on salivary flow rate and pH during different stages of treatment. Nevertheless, the current literature is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions. More well-designedrandomized studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm these findings.

Objective: The aims of this study were to compare the bond strength between metallic brackets and two different glass ceramics and to evaluate the ceramic surface roughness after different finishing protocols.

Methods: The surface roughness of lithium disilicate and resin matrix ceramic samples was measured (initial). All samples were treated with hydrofluoric acid and silane and bonded to metallic brackets with orthodontic cement adhesive. Shear bond strength tests were performed using a universal testing machine (n=12). The surface roughness was measured again (intermediate, n=6) after removing the remaining cement adhesive from the ceramic surfaces with a diamond or 24-blade bur after polishing the ceramic surfaces (final, n=6).

Results: The resin matrix ceramic had the highest bond strength. The rotatory instrument used for the removal of cement adhesive did not affect the surface roughness of the resin matrix ceramic or lithium disilicate (p=0.985 and p=0.504, respectively), but did affect the evaluation time (p<0.001) for both restorative materials. The intermediate roughness was the highest. For the resin matrix ceramic, polishing promoted a final surface roughness similar to the initial condition; however, changes in the surface shape of this ceramic could be visibly observed when using a 24-blade bur.

Conclusion: The bond strength of metallic brackets bonded on resin-matrix ceramics is higher than bonding on lithium disilicate. The use of diamond burs for the removal of the remaining adhesive from the resin matrix ceramics is highly recommended.

Objective: Discomfort has been related to the poor acceptance of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The present study compared severe initial side effects between a smaller and a larger degree of mandibular advancement in patients with a good protrusive capacity.

Methods: Consecutive patients with obstructive sleep apnea and a good protrusive capacity (≥8 mm) were randomized to start treatment with the mandible advanced by either 70% of maximum protrusion (Adv70%) or by 4 mm (Adv4mm) in a pilot study with a parallel design. The main outcome was tenderness or pain in the teeth or jaws using a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) (from "not at all" to "very extensive") or excluded use because of side effects during the first week of treatment. Secondary outcomes included salivation problems and bite changes.

Results: Eighteen patients were randomly selected and 17 patients fulfilled the study protocol. Four patients in the Adv70% group and none in the Adv4mm group reported severe tenderness or pain (VAS ≥7) on five or more of the seven days (p=0.03). The degree of mandibular advancement measured in millimeters correlated with the number of days with severe side effects, r=0.64 (p=0.006). The secondary side effects were minor.

Conclusion: Starting MAD treatment with 70% mandibular advancement was related to more severe side effects during the first week of treatment compared with a smaller fixed millimeter value in patients with a good protrusive capacity in this pilot study.

Objective: To compare and analyze the precision, accuracy, and reliability of commonly used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) software in predicting the mesiodistal diameter of impacted canines.

Methods: This study was conducted on 11 patients (six males and five females, mean age: 17.5±5.5 years) with either unilateral or bilateral impacted canines in the maxilla or mandible. DICOM data sets of the patients obtained from CBCT scans were then loaded and visualized with four selected CBCT software to measure the widest mesiodistal diameter of the impacted teeth. Physical measurements using a digital vernier caliper, kept as a control, were also made on the extracted teeth and orthodontically erupted teeth. The collected data underwent statistical analysis, and the statistical significance level was set at p<0.05.

Results: The Bland-Altman analysis was performed to quantify the agreement between different software to the digital caliper, showing a narrow difference for all plots. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test followed by a post hoc test was performed to determine whether there was any difference in measuring the mesiodistal diameter of the impacted canine among the five methods, and tend no statistically significant difference was found among the five methods. Intraclass correlation (ICC) was performed, and measurements made with all CBCT software yielded an ICC greater than 0.95, indicating high reliability of the selected software.

Conclusion: All the evaluated CBCT imaging software exhibited a high degree of reliability, and accuracy in precise measurement of the mesiodistal diameter of an impacted tooth.

Objective: To compare the adhesive pre-coated (APC) flash-free (FF) appliance system (3M Unitek) with an operator-coated (OC) system (Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Paste; 3M Unitek) in terms of bond failure, bracket survival, and chair time.

Methods: This single-center study was planned with 30 non-extraction patients, 22 females and 8 males with an average age of 17 years and 5 months. A split-mouth design was used, and bonding time, failed brackets, reasons for failure, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were noted. The data were analyzed with the chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results: OC and FF adhesive-coated brackets demonstrated bond failure rates of 0.7% and 3.0%, respectively. Failure rates and survival rates presented a statistically significant difference (p=0.033). Although higher bond failure for the lower arch along with higher bond failure for the incisor teeth compared with the premolar teeth were found, these findings were not statistically significant (p=0.128; p=0.261, respectively). The effect of gender on the bond failure rate (p=0.463) and survival rate (p=0.473) was not statistically significant. A significant difference was obtained for the ARI scores (p=0.011). The bonding time for each bracket type (64.43 seconds for FF versus 98.97 seconds for OC) demonstrated a significant difference (p=0.174).

Conclusion: The bond failure rate was higher for the FF APC brackets, but the chair time reduction during bonding was recorded. Therefore, it seems that FF APC brackets are promising. Trial registration: ISRCTNand ISRCTN26731749. Registered October 7, 2020-Retrospectively registered, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN26731749.