Ya-qin Liu, Lu Lin, S. He, Mengmeng Feng, Zhongjie Hou, Yan Lv
To effectively recycle phosphorus and iron resources in high-phosphorus industrial slag during molten modification process, the thermodynamic conditions and influence laws of recovery of valuable elements from converter slag with different P2O5 content by carbothermal reduction after melting and modification are systematically analyzed. The results show that the reduction rates of P2O5 and FeO decrease with the increase of P2O5 content at 1450 °C and the basicity of 1.0. Meanwhile, the experimental results prove that the reduction of FeO precedes the reduction of P2O5.The phosphorus element in initial industrial slag mainly exists in the form of Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 and increases with the increase of P2O5 content. With the progress of the carbothermal reduction reaction, the Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 content in experimental slags after reduction decrease significantly. The iron element in initial industrial slag mainly exists in the form of FeO, (MgO)0.239 (FeO)0.761 and Ca2Fe2O5 and disappear after carbothermic reduction reaction. In the range of P2O5 content of 4–8 wt.%, P2O5 content has little effect on the thermodynamic trend of the formation of phosphorus-containing phase Ca5(PO4)2SiO4, but it is not good for the thermodynamic trend of gasification dephosphorization reaction in the carbothermic reduction process. Therefore, the increase of P2O5 content is not conducive to the occurrence of carbothermic reduction gasification dephosphorization reaction.
{"title":"Study on the recovery of phosphorus and iron from molten modified high-phosphorus industrial slag by carbothermal reduction","authors":"Ya-qin Liu, Lu Lin, S. He, Mengmeng Feng, Zhongjie Hou, Yan Lv","doi":"10.1051/metal/2023035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023035","url":null,"abstract":"To effectively recycle phosphorus and iron resources in high-phosphorus industrial slag during molten modification process, the thermodynamic conditions and influence laws of recovery of valuable elements from converter slag with different P2O5 content by carbothermal reduction after melting and modification are systematically analyzed. The results show that the reduction rates of P2O5 and FeO decrease with the increase of P2O5 content at 1450 °C and the basicity of 1.0. Meanwhile, the experimental results prove that the reduction of FeO precedes the reduction of P2O5.The phosphorus element in initial industrial slag mainly exists in the form of Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 and increases with the increase of P2O5 content. With the progress of the carbothermal reduction reaction, the Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 content in experimental slags after reduction decrease significantly. The iron element in initial industrial slag mainly exists in the form of FeO, (MgO)0.239 (FeO)0.761 and Ca2Fe2O5 and disappear after carbothermic reduction reaction. In the range of P2O5 content of 4–8 wt.%, P2O5 content has little effect on the thermodynamic trend of the formation of phosphorus-containing phase Ca5(PO4)2SiO4, but it is not good for the thermodynamic trend of gasification dephosphorization reaction in the carbothermic reduction process. Therefore, the increase of P2O5 content is not conducive to the occurrence of carbothermic reduction gasification dephosphorization reaction.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121074846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nanoscale pore characteristics of six coal samples was determined using low-temperature N2 physisorption method in Part 3 of this series of articles [Cheng et al., Metall. Res. Technol. 114, 117 (2017)], and the possibility of nanoscale pore structure parameters to supplement and improve the existing coking coal property evaluation system is preliminarily demonstrated. The study focused on the relationship between nanoscale pore characteristics and Gieseler fluidity. The results show that external specific surface areas Sext-SAST and Gieseler fluidity thermoplastic parameters (plastic range ΔT and maximum fluidity MF expressed in logarithmic form) exhibit a primary linear relationship. External pore volume VBJH-ext and average pore size d̄DB display a quadratic parabolic relationship to thermoplastic parameters ΔT and LogMF. The correlations of the prediction models constructed for ΔT and LogMF with Sext-SAST, VBJH-ext and d̄DB as independent variables reached 0.97 and 0.96, respectively, indicating that the nanoscale pore characteristics are closely related to the Gieseler fluidity, and can play an important role in predicting the thermoplasticity of coking coals.
{"title":"The nanoscale pore characteristics of coking coals. Part 4: The relationship between nanoscale pore characteristics and Gieseler fluidity","authors":"Song Zhang, Huan Cheng, Chunlei Shi, Qi Wang, Yiming Wang, Luying Xiao, Yunlong Hou","doi":"10.1051/metal/2023050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023050","url":null,"abstract":"The nanoscale pore characteristics of six coal samples was determined using low-temperature N2 physisorption method in Part 3 of this series of articles [Cheng et al., Metall. Res. Technol. 114, 117 (2017)], and the possibility of nanoscale pore structure parameters to supplement and improve the existing coking coal property evaluation system is preliminarily demonstrated. The study focused on the relationship between nanoscale pore characteristics and Gieseler fluidity. The results show that external specific surface areas Sext-SAST and Gieseler fluidity thermoplastic parameters (plastic range ΔT and maximum fluidity MF expressed in logarithmic form) exhibit a primary linear relationship. External pore volume VBJH-ext and average pore size d̄DB display a quadratic parabolic relationship to thermoplastic parameters ΔT and LogMF. The correlations of the prediction models constructed for ΔT and LogMF with Sext-SAST, VBJH-ext and d̄DB as independent variables reached 0.97 and 0.96, respectively, indicating that the nanoscale pore characteristics are closely related to the Gieseler fluidity, and can play an important role in predicting the thermoplasticity of coking coals.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127182232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research object of this paper is the common oriented silicon steel (CGO) with Si content of 3.1%. The magneto-thermal coupling processing device independently developed was used to conduct laboratory studies on magneto-thermal coupling decarburization annealing, magneto-thermal coupling high temperature pre-annealing and magneto-thermal coupling tensile leveling annealing. The microstructure and macroscopic texture of CGO steel after magneto-thermal coupling treatment were measured by Zeiss microscope and X-ray diffrotometer, and compared with the samples after conventional annealing process. The results show that the magneto-thermal coupling treatment at the decarburization annealing stage can promote the distribution of ferritic grains along the magnetic field direction. The cubic texture {001}<100> with high level fault energy and {111}＜112＞ texture also increases. In the high temperature pretreatment stage, the increase of {111}＜112＞ texture is more obvious after magnetic-thermal coupling treatment. The deviation angle of goss-oriented grain decreases after magneto-thermal coupling treatment in tensile leveling stage. The magneto-thermal coupling effect plays a positive role in the microstructure and texture of CGO steel during decarburization annealing, high temperature pre-annealing and tensile leveling annealing.
{"title":"Effect of magneto-thermal coupling treatment on microstructure and texture of CGO steel","authors":"Lili Dong, Yong-lin Ma, Bao-chang Liu","doi":"10.1051/metal/2022092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022092","url":null,"abstract":"The research object of this paper is the common oriented silicon steel (CGO) with Si content of 3.1%. The magneto-thermal coupling processing device independently developed was used to conduct laboratory studies on magneto-thermal coupling decarburization annealing, magneto-thermal coupling high temperature pre-annealing and magneto-thermal coupling tensile leveling annealing. The microstructure and macroscopic texture of CGO steel after magneto-thermal coupling treatment were measured by Zeiss microscope and X-ray diffrotometer, and compared with the samples after conventional annealing process. The results show that the magneto-thermal coupling treatment at the decarburization annealing stage can promote the distribution of ferritic grains along the magnetic field direction. The cubic texture {001}<100> with high level fault energy and {111}＜112＞ texture also increases. In the high temperature pretreatment stage, the increase of {111}＜112＞ texture is more obvious after magnetic-thermal coupling treatment. The deviation angle of goss-oriented grain decreases after magneto-thermal coupling treatment in tensile leveling stage. The magneto-thermal coupling effect plays a positive role in the microstructure and texture of CGO steel during decarburization annealing, high temperature pre-annealing and tensile leveling annealing.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115555811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yubao Liu, Jujin Wang, Lifeng Zhang, Wen Yang, G. Cheng
Laboratory experiments were performed using two kinds of heating furnaces to investigate the quantitative effect of ladle filler sands (LFS) on the cleanliness of a bearing steel at the casting start of the first heat and non-first heats of a casting sequence. After the direct addition of LFS into the molten steel, which was the condition of the first heat, inclusions in steel changed from MgO · Al2O3 to Al2O3. As the LFS/steel ratio increased from 0 to 1:600, the number density of inclusions significantly increased from 5.3 #/mm2 to 14.5 #/mm2 and the area fraction of inclusions sharply increased from 7.8 ppm to 60.6 ppm, inducing the sharp increase of T.O to 16.1 ppm. After the reaction between the LFS contained tundish covering powder (TCP) and the molten steel, inclusions in steel were separated into a MgO-Al2O3 system and a CaO-Al2O3(-MgO) system. With the increase of LFS/TCP ratio to 1:12, the average MgO content in inclusions decreased to 19.1 wt% while the Al2O3 content increased to 77.0 wt%, meanwhile, the T.O content increased to 6.0 ppm and the [Al] content decreased to 50 ppm. Based on experimental results and the thermodynamic analysis, the detrimental effect of LFS on the steel cleanliness of non-first heats was much slighter than that of the first heat owing to the use of high-basicity TCP. Accordingly, more efforts should be made to prevent the LFS charging into the molten steel at the casting start of the first heat of a casting sequence during the industrial production.
{"title":"Laboratory investigation on quantitative effect of ladle filler sands on the cleanliness of a bearing steel","authors":"Yubao Liu, Jujin Wang, Lifeng Zhang, Wen Yang, G. Cheng","doi":"10.1051/metal/2022018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022018","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory experiments were performed using two kinds of heating furnaces to investigate the quantitative effect of ladle filler sands (LFS) on the cleanliness of a bearing steel at the casting start of the first heat and non-first heats of a casting sequence. After the direct addition of LFS into the molten steel, which was the condition of the first heat, inclusions in steel changed from MgO · Al2O3 to Al2O3. As the LFS/steel ratio increased from 0 to 1:600, the number density of inclusions significantly increased from 5.3 #/mm2 to 14.5 #/mm2 and the area fraction of inclusions sharply increased from 7.8 ppm to 60.6 ppm, inducing the sharp increase of T.O to 16.1 ppm. After the reaction between the LFS contained tundish covering powder (TCP) and the molten steel, inclusions in steel were separated into a MgO-Al2O3 system and a CaO-Al2O3(-MgO) system. With the increase of LFS/TCP ratio to 1:12, the average MgO content in inclusions decreased to 19.1 wt% while the Al2O3 content increased to 77.0 wt%, meanwhile, the T.O content increased to 6.0 ppm and the [Al] content decreased to 50 ppm. Based on experimental results and the thermodynamic analysis, the detrimental effect of LFS on the steel cleanliness of non-first heats was much slighter than that of the first heat owing to the use of high-basicity TCP. Accordingly, more efforts should be made to prevent the LFS charging into the molten steel at the casting start of the first heat of a casting sequence during the industrial production.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117271554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Li, Chang-yong Chen, Lu Bai, Ju Wang, Qi Wang, Shuaiting Ma, Zhouhua Jiang
The influence of Cu and Sn on the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties of 430L ferritic stainless steel has been investigated by using Thermo-Calc calculations, EPMA (electron probe microanalysis), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Vichers hardness tests, potentiodynamic polarization, and antibacterial tests were also performed. For a copper content of 1.5 wt.%, the results showed that aging treatments at 600 °C, 700 °C and 800 °C are conducive for the precipitation of an ε-Cu phase in the 430L ferritic stainless steel. It was also found that the ε-Cu phase was composed of almost pure Cu (with a the content of 98.6–99.7 wt.%). Thermo-Calc calculations showed that there was only a very small amount of Fe, Cr, and Mn in the ε-Cu phase. Moreover, the ε-Cu phase was found to substantially coarsen with an extension of the aging time. The size of ε-Cu phase increased from a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers, and the number of ε-Cu phase decreased gradually. Furthermore, the antibacterial rate of the 2# (430L − 1.5 wt.% Cu) and 3# steel (430L − 1.5% Cu − 0.4 wt.% Sn) samples increased significantly with an extension of the aging treatment time, and the antibacterial rate of the 3# steel was higher than that of the 2# steel sample. The antibacterial rate reached as high as 91.60% and 97.37%, respectively, for an aging time of 79,200 s.
{"title":"Influence of Cu and Sn on the microstructure and properties of antibacterial ferritic stainless steel","authors":"Yang Li, Chang-yong Chen, Lu Bai, Ju Wang, Qi Wang, Shuaiting Ma, Zhouhua Jiang","doi":"10.1051/metal/2023013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023013","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of Cu and Sn on the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties of 430L ferritic stainless steel has been investigated by using Thermo-Calc calculations, EPMA (electron probe microanalysis), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Vichers hardness tests, potentiodynamic polarization, and antibacterial tests were also performed. For a copper content of 1.5 wt.%, the results showed that aging treatments at 600 °C, 700 °C and 800 °C are conducive for the precipitation of an ε-Cu phase in the 430L ferritic stainless steel. It was also found that the ε-Cu phase was composed of almost pure Cu (with a the content of 98.6–99.7 wt.%). Thermo-Calc calculations showed that there was only a very small amount of Fe, Cr, and Mn in the ε-Cu phase. Moreover, the ε-Cu phase was found to substantially coarsen with an extension of the aging time. The size of ε-Cu phase increased from a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers, and the number of ε-Cu phase decreased gradually. Furthermore, the antibacterial rate of the 2# (430L − 1.5 wt.% Cu) and 3# steel (430L − 1.5% Cu − 0.4 wt.% Sn) samples increased significantly with an extension of the aging treatment time, and the antibacterial rate of the 3# steel was higher than that of the 2# steel sample. The antibacterial rate reached as high as 91.60% and 97.37%, respectively, for an aging time of 79,200 s.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121430085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oxide and nitride inclusions in a Ni-based superalloy during the cold crucible levitation melting (CCLM) process were investigated towards a better understanding for the removal of inclusions from the metal. The number, morphology, size distribution and spatial distribution of inclusions were characterized using an automated scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Inclusions in the alloy were efficiently agglomerated and removed by floating during CCLM process. Inclusion clusters as big as 30-400 ?m were observed. Oxide clusters were efficiently floated during pouring process. The removal ratios of oxides were about 21% without pouring and 62% with pouring, respectively. Additionally, CCLM promotes the separation of oxides from nitrides. The effect of CCLM on the removal of nitride inclusions is not such evident compared with oxides. The mechanism of inclusion removal during CCLM was clarified.
{"title":"Non-metallic inclusions in a superalloy during refining through cold crucible levitation melting process","authors":"Xiaoyong Gao, Lin Zhang, Lifeng Zhang, X. Qu","doi":"10.1051/metal/2022012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022012","url":null,"abstract":"Oxide and nitride inclusions in a Ni-based superalloy during the cold crucible levitation melting (CCLM) process were investigated towards a better understanding for the removal of inclusions from the metal. The number, morphology, size distribution and spatial distribution of inclusions were characterized using an automated scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Inclusions in the alloy were efficiently agglomerated and removed by floating during CCLM process. Inclusion clusters as big as 30-400 ?m were observed. Oxide clusters were efficiently floated during pouring process. The removal ratios of oxides were about 21% without pouring and 62% with pouring, respectively. Additionally, CCLM promotes the separation of oxides from nitrides. The effect of CCLM on the removal of nitride inclusions is not such evident compared with oxides. The mechanism of inclusion removal during CCLM was clarified.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116329220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new method (electrode induction gas atomization, EIGA) of producing high-speed steel powder was preliminarily studied by a combination of numerical simulation and experiment. Based on COMSOL Multiphysics® software, the effect of various parameters including coil angle, output frequency and power of the electrical source on flux density, induced current, temperature field and phase field was simulated. Meanwhile, the experiment was carried out on the EIGA device to produce high-speed steel powder. The results of FEM simulation indicate that when the coil angle is 30°, there is the highest thermal efficiency on the electrode cone, and the induced current and temperature will increase as the output frequency and power of the electrical source increase. In addition, the powder experimentally obtained by the EIGA method exhibits good particle sphericity regardless of the size, with a median diameter (D50) of 71.4 μm and a low oxygen content of 81 μg/g. The phase composition of the powder is mainly composed of γ-Fe and α-Fe structures and MC-type carbides. Due to the faster cooling rate, a solidification microstructure consists of fine cellular crystals and dendrites, and no coarse eutectic carbide network is observed, also confirmed by EDX elemental mapping.
{"title":"Numerical simulation and experimental study on production of high-speed steel powder by high-frequency induction melting gas atomization","authors":"B. Zhao, Min Xia, Jun-feng Wang, Chang-Chun Ge","doi":"10.1051/metal/2022030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022030","url":null,"abstract":"A new method (electrode induction gas atomization, EIGA) of producing high-speed steel powder was preliminarily studied by a combination of numerical simulation and experiment. Based on COMSOL Multiphysics® software, the effect of various parameters including coil angle, output frequency and power of the electrical source on flux density, induced current, temperature field and phase field was simulated. Meanwhile, the experiment was carried out on the EIGA device to produce high-speed steel powder. The results of FEM simulation indicate that when the coil angle is 30°, there is the highest thermal efficiency on the electrode cone, and the induced current and temperature will increase as the output frequency and power of the electrical source increase. In addition, the powder experimentally obtained by the EIGA method exhibits good particle sphericity regardless of the size, with a median diameter (D50) of 71.4 μm and a low oxygen content of 81 μg/g. The phase composition of the powder is mainly composed of γ-Fe and α-Fe structures and MC-type carbides. Due to the faster cooling rate, a solidification microstructure consists of fine cellular crystals and dendrites, and no coarse eutectic carbide network is observed, also confirmed by EDX elemental mapping.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121539175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Runze Wei, C. Ouyang, Rui Wang, Chunjiang Zhao, Huan Li, Rui Deng
Laser cladding technology is widely used in component repair and surface strengthening because of its advantages of various powder options and high processing efficiency. This paper outlines the application and research of transition layers in laser cladding and details the advantages of transition layers in terms of bonding performance, defect rate, and cladding thickness. Compared with conventional laser cladding, the composite process with the addition of transition layer has been further improved in terms of organization, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. In addition, the repair process of laser cladding to meet the cladding thickness of the parts and avoid the degradation of surface properties is also discussed.
{"title":"Research status of the transition layer on laser cladding","authors":"Runze Wei, C. Ouyang, Rui Wang, Chunjiang Zhao, Huan Li, Rui Deng","doi":"10.1051/metal/2023047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023047","url":null,"abstract":"Laser cladding technology is widely used in component repair and surface strengthening because of its advantages of various powder options and high processing efficiency. This paper outlines the application and research of transition layers in laser cladding and details the advantages of transition layers in terms of bonding performance, defect rate, and cladding thickness. Compared with conventional laser cladding, the composite process with the addition of transition layer has been further improved in terms of organization, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. In addition, the repair process of laser cladding to meet the cladding thickness of the parts and avoid the degradation of surface properties is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121681209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, the effect of hot band annealing on subsequent microstructure, toughness and final magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel was investigated. It was found that the hot band annealing temperature plays an important role in the microstructure, toughness, texture and final magnetic properties. After hot band annealing, the grain size of hot-rolled and final annealed steels were increased, which made contribution to the reduction of iron loss. Besides that, hot band annealing could enhance the favorable θ-fiber texture and weaken the unfavorable γ-fiber texture of the final annealed steel. The magnetic induction B5000 of final annealed steel increased with the increasing of hot band annealing temperature within the testing range. In addition, the coarsening grain size caused by high hot band annealing temperature leaded to a sharp decrease in toughness of the hot-rolled steel. An increase in test temperature would improve the impact toughness of hot-rolled steel after hot band annealing. When the test temperature rose to 100 °C, ductile fracture occurred in all the hot-rolled steels under the hot band annealing condition of 850–950 °C.
{"title":"Effect of hot band annealing prior to cold rolling on the mechanical toughness and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel","authors":"S. Wu, Wanlin Wang, Chongxiang Yue, Hua-long Li","doi":"10.1051/metal/2023036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023036","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the effect of hot band annealing on subsequent microstructure, toughness and final magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel was investigated. It was found that the hot band annealing temperature plays an important role in the microstructure, toughness, texture and final magnetic properties. After hot band annealing, the grain size of hot-rolled and final annealed steels were increased, which made contribution to the reduction of iron loss. Besides that, hot band annealing could enhance the favorable θ-fiber texture and weaken the unfavorable γ-fiber texture of the final annealed steel. The magnetic induction B5000 of final annealed steel increased with the increasing of hot band annealing temperature within the testing range. In addition, the coarsening grain size caused by high hot band annealing temperature leaded to a sharp decrease in toughness of the hot-rolled steel. An increase in test temperature would improve the impact toughness of hot-rolled steel after hot band annealing. When the test temperature rose to 100 °C, ductile fracture occurred in all the hot-rolled steels under the hot band annealing condition of 850–950 °C.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115855343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guanghui Zhao, Juan Li, Z. Cai, Huaying Li, Liu Haitao, Lifeng Ma
Antibacterial austenitic stainless steel was nominated as a new biomaterial material. The copper rich phase precipitation behavior and comprehensive properties in copper-containing austenitic stainless steel after different aging treatment were systematically studied. It was found that a large number of dispersed copper rich phases developed at 750–800 °C. At 800 °C, copper rich phase precipitated quickly within 1 h, but grew and coarsened slowly in the later stage. The hardness of the material increased gradually with the precipitation of copper rich phase, until it reached the maximum after 6 h and tended to be stable. However, with the extension of aging time, high concentration of copper rich phase destroyed the passive film on the surface of stainless steel and accelerated the matrix corrosion, but promoted the release of copper ions and improved the antibacterial property. Therefore, the comprehensive experimental results indicated that 3.60% Cu-304L stainless steel treated by solid solution at 1050 °C for 5 min and aged at 800 °C for more than 6 h had good corrosion resistance and antibacterial property. These results could provide theoretical guidance for the optimal design of copper containing antibacterial stainless steel in production process.
{"title":"Characterization of the copper rich phase precipitation behavior and comprehensive properties of austenitic stainless steel","authors":"Guanghui Zhao, Juan Li, Z. Cai, Huaying Li, Liu Haitao, Lifeng Ma","doi":"10.1051/metal/2022043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022043","url":null,"abstract":"Antibacterial austenitic stainless steel was nominated as a new biomaterial material. The copper rich phase precipitation behavior and comprehensive properties in copper-containing austenitic stainless steel after different aging treatment were systematically studied. It was found that a large number of dispersed copper rich phases developed at 750–800 °C. At 800 °C, copper rich phase precipitated quickly within 1 h, but grew and coarsened slowly in the later stage. The hardness of the material increased gradually with the precipitation of copper rich phase, until it reached the maximum after 6 h and tended to be stable. However, with the extension of aging time, high concentration of copper rich phase destroyed the passive film on the surface of stainless steel and accelerated the matrix corrosion, but promoted the release of copper ions and improved the antibacterial property. Therefore, the comprehensive experimental results indicated that 3.60% Cu-304L stainless steel treated by solid solution at 1050 °C for 5 min and aged at 800 °C for more than 6 h had good corrosion resistance and antibacterial property. These results could provide theoretical guidance for the optimal design of copper containing antibacterial stainless steel in production process.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131553873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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