To further promote the equipment improvement of reheating furnaces in iron and steel production, considering heating movement and oxidation loss for the billet in 40 tons/hour self-designed disc reheating furnace, a comprehensive CFD model is established through the dynamic mesh technology with UDF subroutines. The billet heating process in the disc reheating furnace is numerically simulated to explore the dynamic heating characteristics of the billet in the disc reheating furnace. According to the orthogonal design, the grey correlation method is used to optimize the operation parameters such as the oxygen concentration, the charging temperature, the air preheated temperature, and the rotation speed. The results show the discharging temperature increases as the charging temperature, the oxygen concentration, or the air preheated temperature, and yet reduces with the rotation speed, which is opposite to the temperature difference. The important order is successively the oxygen concentration, the rotation speed, the air preheated temperature, and the charging temperature. The charging temperature has little effect on oxidation weight, while the oxygen concentration is obvious. It is of great significance for the current heat treatment of steel to increase efficiency, save cost, lower energy consumption, reduce pollutant emissions, and improve the automation application.
{"title":"Numerical simulation and operation optimization for billet heating in disc reheating furnace based on grey correlation","authors":"Ji-min Wang, X. Chen","doi":"10.1051/metal/2023060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023060","url":null,"abstract":"To further promote the equipment improvement of reheating furnaces in iron and steel production, considering heating movement and oxidation loss for the billet in 40 tons/hour self-designed disc reheating furnace, a comprehensive CFD model is established through the dynamic mesh technology with UDF subroutines. The billet heating process in the disc reheating furnace is numerically simulated to explore the dynamic heating characteristics of the billet in the disc reheating furnace. According to the orthogonal design, the grey correlation method is used to optimize the operation parameters such as the oxygen concentration, the charging temperature, the air preheated temperature, and the rotation speed. The results show the discharging temperature increases as the charging temperature, the oxygen concentration, or the air preheated temperature, and yet reduces with the rotation speed, which is opposite to the temperature difference. The important order is successively the oxygen concentration, the rotation speed, the air preheated temperature, and the charging temperature. The charging temperature has little effect on oxidation weight, while the oxygen concentration is obvious. It is of great significance for the current heat treatment of steel to increase efficiency, save cost, lower energy consumption, reduce pollutant emissions, and improve the automation application.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128201490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of Ce on hot ductility of Cu-As bearing steel in the temperature ranging from 700 to 1100 °C was investigated using Gleeble-3800 thermal-mechanical simulator. The hot ductility evaluation and fracture morphology observation showed that the hot ductility was obviously improved as Ce content increased from 0 to 0.0290 wt%. Detailed, the upper limit temperature of the ductility trough was decreased from 1057 to 765 °C, and the temperature corresponding to the minimum reduction of area was decreased from 850 to 750 °C. The fracture morphology was overall transformed from the dominantly intergraular brittle failure to the ductile failure characterized by the large and deep dimples. Analysis of metallographic, inclusions and grain boundary elements suggested that increasing Ce content inhibited the proeutectoid ferrite formation, which enhanced hot ductility of the steel bearing Cu and As. Moreover, the competitive grain boundary segregation of the solute Ce and As in steel with 0.0022 wt% Ce without arsenious rare earth inclusions decreased the quantity of As distributed at grain boundaries and thereby improved the hot ductility. When the Ce content reached 0.0290 wt%, a large number of arsenious rare earth inclusions were formed, and the grain boundary segregation of As was further decreased As, which was more beneficial to hot ductility than that with the lower Ce content in austenite single phase region.
{"title":"Hot ductility improvement of copper-arsenic steel by rare earth cerium","authors":"Yuyu Liang, Wen-bin Xin, Jing Zhang, Qingyang Meng, Yin-ju Jiang, Yong-chun Deng","doi":"10.1051/metal/2022067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022067","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of Ce on hot ductility of Cu-As bearing steel in the temperature ranging from 700 to 1100 °C was investigated using Gleeble-3800 thermal-mechanical simulator. The hot ductility evaluation and fracture morphology observation showed that the hot ductility was obviously improved as Ce content increased from 0 to 0.0290 wt%. Detailed, the upper limit temperature of the ductility trough was decreased from 1057 to 765 °C, and the temperature corresponding to the minimum reduction of area was decreased from 850 to 750 °C. The fracture morphology was overall transformed from the dominantly intergraular brittle failure to the ductile failure characterized by the large and deep dimples. Analysis of metallographic, inclusions and grain boundary elements suggested that increasing Ce content inhibited the proeutectoid ferrite formation, which enhanced hot ductility of the steel bearing Cu and As. Moreover, the competitive grain boundary segregation of the solute Ce and As in steel with 0.0022 wt% Ce without arsenious rare earth inclusions decreased the quantity of As distributed at grain boundaries and thereby improved the hot ductility. When the Ce content reached 0.0290 wt%, a large number of arsenious rare earth inclusions were formed, and the grain boundary segregation of As was further decreased As, which was more beneficial to hot ductility than that with the lower Ce content in austenite single phase region.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126030279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dissolution behaviour of lime in converter slag at 1300–1500 °C was studied, and the evolution of morphology and component ions migration under different dissolution time were examined. The results showed that with the increase of dissolution time, the lime surface changed from irregular to regular, and micropores and cracks were formed. The lime melting is a diffusion phenomenon, the slag promoted lime dissolution through these cracks and micropores, the mass transfer coefficient of Fe2+ in the boundary layer is the smallest, which is 5.4 × 10−7 cm/s, and the linear equation fitting the reaction rate constant versus temperature is ln vr = –24.43/T - 14.62. Moreover, the lime dissolution was a process of melting from outside to inside, layer by layer, the CaO-SiO2 complex phases were formed on the surface of lime and CaO-FeO complex phases were formed inside.
{"title":"Dissolution behaviour of lime in converter slag: evolution of morphology and ions migration","authors":"Shuai Tong, Chenxiao Li, Shuhuan Wang, L. Ai","doi":"10.1051/metal/2023045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023045","url":null,"abstract":"The dissolution behaviour of lime in converter slag at 1300–1500 °C was studied, and the evolution of morphology and component ions migration under different dissolution time were examined. The results showed that with the increase of dissolution time, the lime surface changed from irregular to regular, and micropores and cracks were formed. The lime melting is a diffusion phenomenon, the slag promoted lime dissolution through these cracks and micropores, the mass transfer coefficient of Fe2+ in the boundary layer is the smallest, which is 5.4 × 10−7 cm/s, and the linear equation fitting the reaction rate constant versus temperature is ln vr = –24.43/T - 14.62. Moreover, the lime dissolution was a process of melting from outside to inside, layer by layer, the CaO-SiO2 complex phases were formed on the surface of lime and CaO-FeO complex phases were formed inside.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126230740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, a two-stage process was developed to recover the valuable elements from chromium-containing electroplating sludge (CES). The low sulfur/carbon Fe-Si-Cr alloy containing 31.61%Fe, 31.78%Cr, 36.59%Si, 0.01%C and 0.01%S was produced, and the recovery extent of Cr reached 98.62%. The CES was pre-desulfurized at 1000–1200 ℃, and reaction between components CaSO4 and Fe2O3 in the CES to produce CaFe4O7 was the main desulfurization mechanism. The desulfurized CES was then reduced by silicon at 1600 ℃ to prepare the Fe-Si-Cr alloy, and the SiO2 generated from the silicothermic reduction helps the vitrification of the slag. The presence of silicon in alloys and the CaO in the slag are the key factors for the low content of sulfur in alloy. Adding CaO also helped to decrease the viscosity of slag, and thus reduced the metal loss by enhancing the slag-metal separation efficiency.
{"title":"Valuable metals recovery and vitrification of chromium-containing electroplating sludge","authors":"Hong-yang Wang, Yong Hou, Guo-hua Zhang, K. Chou","doi":"10.1051/metal/2022042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022042","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a two-stage process was developed to recover the valuable elements from chromium-containing electroplating sludge (CES). The low sulfur/carbon Fe-Si-Cr alloy containing 31.61%Fe, 31.78%Cr, 36.59%Si, 0.01%C and 0.01%S was produced, and the recovery extent of Cr reached 98.62%. The CES was pre-desulfurized at 1000–1200 ℃, and reaction between components CaSO4 and Fe2O3 in the CES to produce CaFe4O7 was the main desulfurization mechanism. The desulfurized CES was then reduced by silicon at 1600 ℃ to prepare the Fe-Si-Cr alloy, and the SiO2 generated from the silicothermic reduction helps the vitrification of the slag. The presence of silicon in alloys and the CaO in the slag are the key factors for the low content of sulfur in alloy. Adding CaO also helped to decrease the viscosity of slag, and thus reduced the metal loss by enhancing the slag-metal separation efficiency.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126415200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunjiang Li, G. Le, Xiaoxuan Pang, Jin-ru Luo, Jiqing Cai, Pengcheng Zhang
Al-B4C metal matrix composite is an advanced neutron absorption material. In order to obtain a wider application in spent nuclear fuel storage and transport, the welding technique is essential for Al-B4C composites. In this paper, powder feeding laser welding (PFLW) method was used to weld Al-30wt.% B4C composite. During the experiments, Al powder was used as the filler metal, the effects of powder feeding rate on porosity, neutron shielding ratio and tensile strength of the joints were investigated by using micro-CT (micro computed tomography), OM, SEM and TEM. It is found that PFLW has a significant weld porosity suppression effect, and a joint efficiency (UTS) of 87% is obtained in PFLW of Al-30wt.% B4C composite with the powder feeding rate of 1.2 g/min. The neutron shielding ratio of the joint reduced by 3% due to the volume ratio of AlB12C2 (a B-rich reaction product) reduced by 7.6% when the powder feeding rate is 1.2 g/min. The results illustrate the great potential of PFLW in welding Al-B4C composites.
{"title":"Effects of powder feeding rate on porosity and tensile strength of powder feeding laser welded Al-30wt.% B4C composite with the addition of Al powder","authors":"Yunjiang Li, G. Le, Xiaoxuan Pang, Jin-ru Luo, Jiqing Cai, Pengcheng Zhang","doi":"10.1051/metal/2023028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023028","url":null,"abstract":"Al-B4C metal matrix composite is an advanced neutron absorption material. In order to obtain a wider application in spent nuclear fuel storage and transport, the welding technique is essential for Al-B4C composites. In this paper, powder feeding laser welding (PFLW) method was used to weld Al-30wt.% B4C composite. During the experiments, Al powder was used as the filler metal, the effects of powder feeding rate on porosity, neutron shielding ratio and tensile strength of the joints were investigated by using micro-CT (micro computed tomography), OM, SEM and TEM. It is found that PFLW has a significant weld porosity suppression effect, and a joint efficiency (UTS) of 87% is obtained in PFLW of Al-30wt.% B4C composite with the powder feeding rate of 1.2 g/min. The neutron shielding ratio of the joint reduced by 3% due to the volume ratio of AlB12C2 (a B-rich reaction product) reduced by 7.6% when the powder feeding rate is 1.2 g/min. The results illustrate the great potential of PFLW in welding Al-B4C composites.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127478434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Zhang, Yuran Kong, Ting Wu, Guang-da Bao, J. Lei, Hai-chuan Wang
The spectral experiment, hemispherical melting point apparatus, rotating cylinder method, and four-probe method are conducted to measure the structure, melting temperature, apparent viscosity and electrical conductivity of aluminate slag. The results show that in order to reduce the comprehensive effect of capacitance and inductance, the frequency of value 6000 Hz corresponding to the minimum impedance is most suitable for the electrical conductivity measurement. Higher B2O3 content leads to a lower degree of polymerization, symmetry, and uniformity in the complex three-dimensional structure of the slag, meanwhile the slag hemispheric temperature declines gradually, which enhances the slag superheat, hence decreases the apparent viscosity and increases the electrical conductivity comprehensively, as well as the relation between viscosity logarithm and the conductivity logarithm at 1300 °C was linear. The breaking temperature of apparent viscosity-temperature curve reduces gradually with B2O3 addition, while the conductivity-temperature curve indicate that the slag crystallized at about 1210 to 1224 °C, and with the lower B2O3 content, the crystallization trend is more obvious.
{"title":"Effect of B2O3 on the structure and properties of aluminate slag","authors":"Chen Zhang, Yuran Kong, Ting Wu, Guang-da Bao, J. Lei, Hai-chuan Wang","doi":"10.1051/metal/2022051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022051","url":null,"abstract":"The spectral experiment, hemispherical melting point apparatus, rotating cylinder method, and four-probe method are conducted to measure the structure, melting temperature, apparent viscosity and electrical conductivity of aluminate slag. The results show that in order to reduce the comprehensive effect of capacitance and inductance, the frequency of value 6000 Hz corresponding to the minimum impedance is most suitable for the electrical conductivity measurement. Higher B2O3 content leads to a lower degree of polymerization, symmetry, and uniformity in the complex three-dimensional structure of the slag, meanwhile the slag hemispheric temperature declines gradually, which enhances the slag superheat, hence decreases the apparent viscosity and increases the electrical conductivity comprehensively, as well as the relation between viscosity logarithm and the conductivity logarithm at 1300 °C was linear. The breaking temperature of apparent viscosity-temperature curve reduces gradually with B2O3 addition, while the conductivity-temperature curve indicate that the slag crystallized at about 1210 to 1224 °C, and with the lower B2O3 content, the crystallization trend is more obvious.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125734139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As one of the lightest structural metals, magnesium alloys have attracted enormous attention owing to its attributes of high specific strength and specific stiffness, superior damping capacity and shock absorbency and so on. The wide application fields of wrought magnesium alloys include aerospace, transportation, and so on. It is critical to understand the correlation between dynamic mechanical response and microstructure evolution of wrought magnesium alloys in stringent impact service environment. Split Hopkinson pressure bar has become the universal and common apparatus to investigate the dynamic compression mechanical behaviour of materials under impact loading state. The recent development of dynamic (high strain rate) compression mechanical behaviour and microstructure evolution of common wrought magnesium alloys are summarized in this paper. The research directions in the future are also suggested.
{"title":"Mechanical behaviour and microstructure evolution of wrought magnesium alloys under dynamic compression loading: a review","authors":"Yong-Hua Li, Bo Yin, Junhe Li","doi":"10.1051/metal/2023053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023053","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the lightest structural metals, magnesium alloys have attracted enormous attention owing to its attributes of high specific strength and specific stiffness, superior damping capacity and shock absorbency and so on. The wide application fields of wrought magnesium alloys include aerospace, transportation, and so on. It is critical to understand the correlation between dynamic mechanical response and microstructure evolution of wrought magnesium alloys in stringent impact service environment. Split Hopkinson pressure bar has become the universal and common apparatus to investigate the dynamic compression mechanical behaviour of materials under impact loading state. The recent development of dynamic (high strain rate) compression mechanical behaviour and microstructure evolution of common wrought magnesium alloys are summarized in this paper. The research directions in the future are also suggested.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130138858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To improve the surface quality of low-carbon hot-rolled steel plates, the upwarping and black line defects were investigated by means of XRF (X-ray diffractometer), OM (optical microscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EBSD (electron back scatter diffraction). The results showed that the micro area compositions under surface upwarping and black line defects were mainly made of secondary oxide particles, steelmaking slag and mould flux respectively. According to the metallographic structure, inclusion compositions and grains texture analysis, it could be concluded that surface defects on hot rolled plates were attributed to the entrapment of ladle slag or mould flux, gas bubbles, micro-cracks of casting slab in the steelmaking process, rolled-in scale and unreasonable sizing press rolling parameters during the rolling process, and the position and formation process of typical surface defects on hot rolled plates were discussed in detail. Finally, it concluded that the slag entrapment and solidification hook should be controlled during continuous casting.
{"title":"Formation mechanism of surface upwarping and black line defects on low carbon hot rolled plate","authors":"Shuo Zhao, Jingcai Lyu, Gaoyang Song, Jianfeng Wang, Dong Xu, Zushu Li","doi":"10.1051/metal/2023051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2023051","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the surface quality of low-carbon hot-rolled steel plates, the upwarping and black line defects were investigated by means of XRF (X-ray diffractometer), OM (optical microscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EBSD (electron back scatter diffraction). The results showed that the micro area compositions under surface upwarping and black line defects were mainly made of secondary oxide particles, steelmaking slag and mould flux respectively. According to the metallographic structure, inclusion compositions and grains texture analysis, it could be concluded that surface defects on hot rolled plates were attributed to the entrapment of ladle slag or mould flux, gas bubbles, micro-cracks of casting slab in the steelmaking process, rolled-in scale and unreasonable sizing press rolling parameters during the rolling process, and the position and formation process of typical surface defects on hot rolled plates were discussed in detail. Finally, it concluded that the slag entrapment and solidification hook should be controlled during continuous casting.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"52 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114003785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CeO2/Y2O3-modified aluminide coatings were prepared on Ni substrate using a sol–gel derived/pack cementation process. For comparison, simple aluminide coatings were also produced on Ni substrate using the same pack cementation process. The microstructure and high temperature oxidation behavior of three aluminide coatings at 900 °C for 50 h in air were comparably analyzed using SEM/EDS and XRD. The results indicated that both CeO2/Y2O3-modified aluminide coatings exhibited better oxidation resistance than the CeO2/Y2O3-free one, because of various effects of CeO2/Y2O3 on the oxidation including the grain refinement effect of the aluminide, the “reactive element effect”(REE) and the epitaxial template effect of Y2O3 to promote the growth of α-Al2O3.
{"title":"Preparation and oxidation behavior of novel CeO2/Y2O3-modified aluminide coatings on Ni using sol–gel derived/pack cementation process","authors":"Baisen Chen, J. Meng, Zhihui Chen, Chenfan Hao, Chengshuo Li, Xiaoping Shi, Yuebo Zhou","doi":"10.1051/metal/2022073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022073","url":null,"abstract":"CeO2/Y2O3-modified aluminide coatings were prepared on Ni substrate using a sol–gel derived/pack cementation process. For comparison, simple aluminide coatings were also produced on Ni substrate using the same pack cementation process. The microstructure and high temperature oxidation behavior of three aluminide coatings at 900 °C for 50 h in air were comparably analyzed using SEM/EDS and XRD. The results indicated that both CeO2/Y2O3-modified aluminide coatings exhibited better oxidation resistance than the CeO2/Y2O3-free one, because of various effects of CeO2/Y2O3 on the oxidation including the grain refinement effect of the aluminide, the “reactive element effect”(REE) and the epitaxial template effect of Y2O3 to promote the growth of α-Al2O3.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121261542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haitao Zhao, Shui-yong Wang, Junheng Gao, J. Qi, Ru Su, Hongqi Zhang, Hongwei Chen, Zhiqiang Tian, Lijuan Bai
Welding wires are widely used as electrodes in various welding processes. To produce welding wires, wire rods are drawn gradually to final diameters at welding wire manufacturers. During the wire drawing process, premature failure happens frequently due to various reasons, and a type of wire drawing failure originated from wire surface V-shaped cracks or so-called chevron-like cracks is often found. In this research, V-shaped cracks on drawn welding wire surfaces of ER70S-6 steel were characterised carefully and its underlying mechanism was discussed thoroughly. It was found that the V-shaped cracks on wire surfaces are often present in pairs with opposite directions. Martensite microstructure was found nearby the V-shaped cracks, and its formation can be attributed to deteriorated local lubrication during wire drawing, which causes the austenitization of the wire surface and the subsequent formation of martensite. The large friction on wire surface induces the development of V-shaped cracks along the drawing direction. Meanwhile, as martensite is difficult to deform, strain localization happens in the ferrite/pearlite matrix, and V-shaped strain localization areas were found around the martensite, leading to the development of V-shaped cracks in the opposite direction of the drawing direction.
{"title":"Cause analysis of V-shaped crack pairs on drawn welding wire surface of ER70S-6 steel","authors":"Haitao Zhao, Shui-yong Wang, Junheng Gao, J. Qi, Ru Su, Hongqi Zhang, Hongwei Chen, Zhiqiang Tian, Lijuan Bai","doi":"10.1051/metal/2022070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022070","url":null,"abstract":"Welding wires are widely used as electrodes in various welding processes. To produce welding wires, wire rods are drawn gradually to final diameters at welding wire manufacturers. During the wire drawing process, premature failure happens frequently due to various reasons, and a type of wire drawing failure originated from wire surface V-shaped cracks or so-called chevron-like cracks is often found. In this research, V-shaped cracks on drawn welding wire surfaces of ER70S-6 steel were characterised carefully and its underlying mechanism was discussed thoroughly. It was found that the V-shaped cracks on wire surfaces are often present in pairs with opposite directions. Martensite microstructure was found nearby the V-shaped cracks, and its formation can be attributed to deteriorated local lubrication during wire drawing, which causes the austenitization of the wire surface and the subsequent formation of martensite. The large friction on wire surface induces the development of V-shaped cracks along the drawing direction. Meanwhile, as martensite is difficult to deform, strain localization happens in the ferrite/pearlite matrix, and V-shaped strain localization areas were found around the martensite, leading to the development of V-shaped cracks in the opposite direction of the drawing direction.","PeriodicalId":370509,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical Research & Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129139474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：