Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2022.2112810
Justin B. Leaf, Joseph H. Cihon, Asim Javed, Sheila Klick, J. L. Ferguson, Christine M. Milne, Ashley N. Creem, Shannon M. Arthur, M. S. Saunders, Melissa L. Olive, R. K. Ross, Ronald Leaf, J. Mceachin
ABSTRACT Researchers and interventionists, particularly behavior analysts, have a long history of empirically evaluating and clinically implementing interventions related to stereotypic behaviors for autistics/individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Despite evidence of the effectiveness of these procedures in decreasing stereotypic behaviors and establishing adaptive competing repertoires, some neurodiversity activists have increasingly expressed concerns about interventions related to stereotypic behaviors. The purpose of this paper was to recognize some of the issues raised by various sources, underscore the importance of including consumers in the selection of goals and methods of intervention from a social validity perspective, discuss balancing concerns with the right to effective behavioral treatment, and consider areas of overlap, reconciliation, and discourse. We urge behavior analysts to continue to include relevant consumers in the selection of goals and intervention, ensure effective behavioral treatment, and approach addressing stereotypic behavior from a place of compassion and caring for our clients.
{"title":"A call for discussion on stereotypic behavior","authors":"Justin B. Leaf, Joseph H. Cihon, Asim Javed, Sheila Klick, J. L. Ferguson, Christine M. Milne, Ashley N. Creem, Shannon M. Arthur, M. S. Saunders, Melissa L. Olive, R. K. Ross, Ronald Leaf, J. Mceachin","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2022.2112810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2022.2112810","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Researchers and interventionists, particularly behavior analysts, have a long history of empirically evaluating and clinically implementing interventions related to stereotypic behaviors for autistics/individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Despite evidence of the effectiveness of these procedures in decreasing stereotypic behaviors and establishing adaptive competing repertoires, some neurodiversity activists have increasingly expressed concerns about interventions related to stereotypic behaviors. The purpose of this paper was to recognize some of the issues raised by various sources, underscore the importance of including consumers in the selection of goals and methods of intervention from a social validity perspective, discuss balancing concerns with the right to effective behavioral treatment, and consider areas of overlap, reconciliation, and discourse. We urge behavior analysts to continue to include relevant consumers in the selection of goals and intervention, ensure effective behavioral treatment, and approach addressing stereotypic behavior from a place of compassion and caring for our clients.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":"41 1","pages":"156 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78122229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2022.2093596
L. Iovino, Floriana Canniello, Roberta Simeoli, M. Gallucci, Rosaria Benincasa, Davide D’Elia, G. P. Hanley, Anthony P. Cammilieri
ABSTRACT The functional analysis of problem behavior is an important type of assessment that has been shown to increase the likelihood of arriving at an efficacious treatment. Several studies described the efficient use of the Interviewed-Informed Synthesized Contingency Analysis (IISCA) to reveal the variables that influence problem behavior across a variety of topographies, participants, and settings. In this study, we describe a new adaptation of the IISCA, the Performance-Based IISCA, used to assess the severe problem behavior of five Italian children with autism admitted to a clinic in the south of Italy. In all applications, the Performance-Based IISCA elucidated the synthesized establishing operations that evoked problem behavior and the synthesized reinforcers that influenced its maintenance. This study extends the literature on functional analysis by introducing the Performance-Based IISCA, demonstrating its viability with Italian clients and demonstrating how its procedural refinements can lead to safe analyses.
{"title":"A new adaptation of the Interview-Informed Synthesized Contingency Analyses (IISCA): The performance-based IISCA","authors":"L. Iovino, Floriana Canniello, Roberta Simeoli, M. Gallucci, Rosaria Benincasa, Davide D’Elia, G. P. Hanley, Anthony P. Cammilieri","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2022.2093596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2022.2093596","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The functional analysis of problem behavior is an important type of assessment that has been shown to increase the likelihood of arriving at an efficacious treatment. Several studies described the efficient use of the Interviewed-Informed Synthesized Contingency Analysis (IISCA) to reveal the variables that influence problem behavior across a variety of topographies, participants, and settings. In this study, we describe a new adaptation of the IISCA, the Performance-Based IISCA, used to assess the severe problem behavior of five Italian children with autism admitted to a clinic in the south of Italy. In all applications, the Performance-Based IISCA elucidated the synthesized establishing operations that evoked problem behavior and the synthesized reinforcers that influenced its maintenance. This study extends the literature on functional analysis by introducing the Performance-Based IISCA, demonstrating its viability with Italian clients and demonstrating how its procedural refinements can lead to safe analyses.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":"144 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88643621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2022.2077058
Hugo Curiel, Emily S. L. Curiel, A. Poling
ABSTRACT The European Journal of Behavior Analysis was analyzed to determine the gender of authors from 2000 through 2020. We quantified the percentage of women and men as contributing authors and as first authors, articles that included at least one woman or man as an author, articles that included at least one woman and one man as authors, and total number of single-authored articles by gender. We identified 963 listed authors across 455 articles. Across all years and authorship position, women and men accounted 36% and 63% authorship, respectively. Authorship for women was lower across all variables assessed; however, there were increased trends across time for all but single-authored articles. We compared these data to those from other behavior-analytic journals.
{"title":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis: women, men, and authorship","authors":"Hugo Curiel, Emily S. L. Curiel, A. Poling","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2022.2077058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2022.2077058","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The European Journal of Behavior Analysis was analyzed to determine the gender of authors from 2000 through 2020. We quantified the percentage of women and men as contributing authors and as first authors, articles that included at least one woman or man as an author, articles that included at least one woman and one man as authors, and total number of single-authored articles by gender. We identified 963 listed authors across 455 articles. Across all years and authorship position, women and men accounted 36% and 63% authorship, respectively. Authorship for women was lower across all variables assessed; however, there were increased trends across time for all but single-authored articles. We compared these data to those from other behavior-analytic journals.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":"28 1","pages":"135 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81744351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2021.1981751
Glenna Hunter, August Stockwell
ABSTRACT Jealousy is the emotional response to a real or imagined threat to an important relationship, and is a common source of distress within romantic and other close interpersonal relationships. In contrast, compersion is the experience of joy in response to a partner experiencing emotional or sexual attraction toward and interactions with another person. In this paper the authors present a contingency analysis of jealous responding and identify ways in which contingencies may be altered to produce a reduction in jealous responding in situations in which this is a targeted goal. Contingencies involved in compersive responding are also propounded, with suggestions as to how compersive responding may be fostered within relationships in which compersion is a goal.
{"title":"Toward a behavior-analytic understanding of jealousy and compersion in romantic and sexual relationships","authors":"Glenna Hunter, August Stockwell","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2021.1981751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2021.1981751","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Jealousy is the emotional response to a real or imagined threat to an important relationship, and is a common source of distress within romantic and other close interpersonal relationships. In contrast, compersion is the experience of joy in response to a partner experiencing emotional or sexual attraction toward and interactions with another person. In this paper the authors present a contingency analysis of jealous responding and identify ways in which contingencies may be altered to produce a reduction in jealous responding in situations in which this is a targeted goal. Contingencies involved in compersive responding are also propounded, with suggestions as to how compersive responding may be fostered within relationships in which compersion is a goal.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":"78 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89541310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2021.1981752
E. Lundy, O. Healy, Devon Ramey, Trish Carolan, R. Dempsey, Jennifer Holloway
ABSTRACT Although functional analysis is a widely researched tool for determining behavioral function, traditional formats are associated with limitations that often preclude their incorporation into practice. The interview-informed synthesized contingency analysis (IISCA) was developed to address such limitations. This study investigated the effectiveness and efficiency of the IISCA in determining the function of problem behavior for three non-vocal children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disabilities in a school setting. The effectiveness of the skill-based treatment process associated with the IISCA was also evaluated, as were the acceptability of these treatment procedures and the fidelity with which they were implemented. The IISCAs yielded differentiated outcomes immediately for two participants and following a secondary analysis for the third participant. Assessment results informed the design of treatments involving functional communication training and delay- and denial-tolerance training evaluated using a changing-criterion design. Implications and limitations are discussed and recommendations for future research are offered.
{"title":"Evaluating the utility of interview-informed synthesized contingency analyses in informing the treatment of problem behavior among children with autism spectrum disorder","authors":"E. Lundy, O. Healy, Devon Ramey, Trish Carolan, R. Dempsey, Jennifer Holloway","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2021.1981752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2021.1981752","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although functional analysis is a widely researched tool for determining behavioral function, traditional formats are associated with limitations that often preclude their incorporation into practice. The interview-informed synthesized contingency analysis (IISCA) was developed to address such limitations. This study investigated the effectiveness and efficiency of the IISCA in determining the function of problem behavior for three non-vocal children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disabilities in a school setting. The effectiveness of the skill-based treatment process associated with the IISCA was also evaluated, as were the acceptability of these treatment procedures and the fidelity with which they were implemented. The IISCAs yielded differentiated outcomes immediately for two participants and following a secondary analysis for the third participant. Assessment results informed the design of treatments involving functional communication training and delay- and denial-tolerance training evaluated using a changing-criterion design. Implications and limitations are discussed and recommendations for future research are offered.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":"33 1","pages":"109 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75708623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2021.1946371
Ulrika Långh, É. Cauvet, A. Perry, S. Eikeseth, S. Bölte
ABSTRACT Methods to enhance the quality of delivered Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI) for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have received surprisingly little attention in previous research. In a pragmatic randomized controlled pilot study, we studied the feasibility and effects of enriched supervision (using detailed video feedback) on EIBI quality compared to regular supervision only, over a period of 4–6 months. EIBI was conducted in 30 children with ASD by preschool staff, where 18 received enriched, and 12 regular supervisions. EIBI quality was evaluated using the York Measure of Quality of Intensive Behavioural Intervention. The enriched supervision was deemed feasible and compared to staff receiving regular supervision. Preschool staff who received enriched supervision improved on overall quality of EIBI delivery, as well as specifically regarding goal-directedness, organization and efficiency of the EIBI. Findings support the significance of adequate education and supervision of EIBI providers for intervention quality assurance.
{"title":"Enriched supervision to increase quality of early intensive behavioral intervention in autism: a pragmatic randomized controlled pilot study","authors":"Ulrika Långh, É. Cauvet, A. Perry, S. Eikeseth, S. Bölte","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2021.1946371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2021.1946371","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Methods to enhance the quality of delivered Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI) for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have received surprisingly little attention in previous research. In a pragmatic randomized controlled pilot study, we studied the feasibility and effects of enriched supervision (using detailed video feedback) on EIBI quality compared to regular supervision only, over a period of 4–6 months. EIBI was conducted in 30 children with ASD by preschool staff, where 18 received enriched, and 12 regular supervisions. EIBI quality was evaluated using the York Measure of Quality of Intensive Behavioural Intervention. The enriched supervision was deemed feasible and compared to staff receiving regular supervision. Preschool staff who received enriched supervision improved on overall quality of EIBI delivery, as well as specifically regarding goal-directedness, organization and efficiency of the EIBI. Findings support the significance of adequate education and supervision of EIBI providers for intervention quality assurance.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":"46 1","pages":"62 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81685321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2021.1946370
Erin B. Rasmussen, Tereza Prihodova, Katerina Prihodová, Steven R. Lawyer
ABSTRACT Most of the studies that compare potentially real (PR) to hypothetical outcomes with delay discounting (DD) and probability discounting (PD) compare monetary outcomes in American college samples and shows that hypothetical and PR monetary outcomes are discounted at similar rates. Fewer, if any, studies have examined discounting for PR vs hypothetical outcomes in non-American samples with outcomes other than money. Using a choice-questionnaire format and a within-subjects design, the relation between PR and hypothetical outcomes was examined in a Czech Republic sample. Importantly, food-related and monetary outcomes for both delay and probability discounting were examined. Sixty participants were recruited from the greater Prague area and completed four discounting tasks: the Food Choice Questionnaire, Monetary Choice Questionnaire, Probability Monetary Choice Questionnaire, and Probability Food Questionnaire in randomized order for both PR and hypothetical outcomes. Each of these measures has three magnitudes of outcomes embedded in the choices. For food-related outcomes, PR and hypothetical food outcomes were discounted similarly and significantly correlated across two of the three magnitudes of the Food Choice Questionnaire and across all three magnitudes of the Probability Food Choice Questionnaire. For monetary outcomes, PR outcomes and hypothetical outcomes were discounted similarly and were significantly correlated across all magnitudes of the Monetary Choice Questionnaire and Probability Monetary Choice Questionnaire. Magnitude effects were found across all four measures. These findings suggest that hypothetical and PR food and money outcomes are discounted similarly for both DD and PD and extends the discounting literature on similarity between real and hypothetical discounting to food-related outcomes to European community samples and discounting choice questionnaires.
{"title":"Potentially real and hypothetical food and monetary outcomes in delay and probability discounting are similar in a Czech sample","authors":"Erin B. Rasmussen, Tereza Prihodova, Katerina Prihodová, Steven R. Lawyer","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2021.1946370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2021.1946370","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most of the studies that compare potentially real (PR) to hypothetical outcomes with delay discounting (DD) and probability discounting (PD) compare monetary outcomes in American college samples and shows that hypothetical and PR monetary outcomes are discounted at similar rates. Fewer, if any, studies have examined discounting for PR vs hypothetical outcomes in non-American samples with outcomes other than money. Using a choice-questionnaire format and a within-subjects design, the relation between PR and hypothetical outcomes was examined in a Czech Republic sample. Importantly, food-related and monetary outcomes for both delay and probability discounting were examined. Sixty participants were recruited from the greater Prague area and completed four discounting tasks: the Food Choice Questionnaire, Monetary Choice Questionnaire, Probability Monetary Choice Questionnaire, and Probability Food Questionnaire in randomized order for both PR and hypothetical outcomes. Each of these measures has three magnitudes of outcomes embedded in the choices. For food-related outcomes, PR and hypothetical food outcomes were discounted similarly and significantly correlated across two of the three magnitudes of the Food Choice Questionnaire and across all three magnitudes of the Probability Food Choice Questionnaire. For monetary outcomes, PR outcomes and hypothetical outcomes were discounted similarly and were significantly correlated across all magnitudes of the Monetary Choice Questionnaire and Probability Monetary Choice Questionnaire. Magnitude effects were found across all four measures. These findings suggest that hypothetical and PR food and money outcomes are discounted similarly for both DD and PD and extends the discounting literature on similarity between real and hypothetical discounting to food-related outcomes to European community samples and discounting choice questionnaires.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":"33 1","pages":"42 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84788161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2021.1932343
L. Pérez-González, Javier Oltra
ABSTRACT We studied the effect of learning two symmetrical verbal relations in areading comprehension task. We explored emergence of intraverbals after 7- and 8-year-old children read ashort text with sentences in which a word A was related to B and B to C(e.g., “Argentina,” “Buenos Aires,” and “El Botánico”). Thereafter, all ABC intraverbal combinations (e.g., C-A– “Name the country of El Botánico”) were probed without reinforcement with written stimuli and responses. In Experiments 1 and 2, seven of 12 children demonstrated the emergence of all intraverbals. In Experiments 3 and 4, 6 experimentally naïve children and the five children who failed to demonstrate the emergence of all intraverbals learned first simpler, symmetrical intraverbals (e.g., that acountry is Argentina and that Argentina is acountry). All 11 children immediately demonstrated the emergence of all ABC intraverbals. Thus, results evidence reading comprehension facilitated by learning symmetrical intraverbals.
{"title":"Emergence of intraverbals after reading a text: learning principles involved in reading comprehension","authors":"L. Pérez-González, Javier Oltra","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2021.1932343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2021.1932343","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We studied the effect of learning two symmetrical verbal relations in areading comprehension task. We explored emergence of intraverbals after 7- and 8-year-old children read ashort text with sentences in which a word A was related to B and B to C(e.g., “Argentina,” “Buenos Aires,” and “El Botánico”). Thereafter, all ABC intraverbal combinations (e.g., C-A– “Name the country of El Botánico”) were probed without reinforcement with written stimuli and responses. In Experiments 1 and 2, seven of 12 children demonstrated the emergence of all intraverbals. In Experiments 3 and 4, 6 experimentally naïve children and the five children who failed to demonstrate the emergence of all intraverbals learned first simpler, symmetrical intraverbals (e.g., that acountry is Argentina and that Argentina is acountry). All 11 children immediately demonstrated the emergence of all ABC intraverbals. Thus, results evidence reading comprehension facilitated by learning symmetrical intraverbals.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":"13 1","pages":"1 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77037838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2021.1932199
Allie E. Rader, Kevin A. Rader, Jodi Katz, Justin B. Leaf
ABSTRACT Single subject design and visual analysis have become the standard for conducting and interpreting research in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). These methods can be traced in behavioral literature from the early 1900s and were revolutionized by Skinner’s philosophy of radical behaviorism. This ultimately led to a divergence in methods between behaviorism and the rest of psychology. Skinner’s divergence from conventional methods of research (group design and statistical analysis) may have historical underpinnings. His unique methods and philosophy led to the establishment of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB), Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA). The prevalence of conventional methods of research in behavior analytic literature remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to (1) report the history of research methods and data analysis in ABA and JABA and (2) analyze trends in methods within JABA to determine whether they are progressive.
{"title":"The Progression of Experimental Design and Data Analysis in Applied Behavior Analysis","authors":"Allie E. Rader, Kevin A. Rader, Jodi Katz, Justin B. Leaf","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2021.1932199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2021.1932199","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Single subject design and visual analysis have become the standard for conducting and interpreting research in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). These methods can be traced in behavioral literature from the early 1900s and were revolutionized by Skinner’s philosophy of radical behaviorism. This ultimately led to a divergence in methods between behaviorism and the rest of psychology. Skinner’s divergence from conventional methods of research (group design and statistical analysis) may have historical underpinnings. His unique methods and philosophy led to the establishment of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB), Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA). The prevalence of conventional methods of research in behavior analytic literature remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to (1) report the history of research methods and data analysis in ABA and JABA and (2) analyze trends in methods within JABA to determine whether they are progressive.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":"229 1","pages":"152 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76879288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.1080/15021149.2021.1932344
André Luiz, Carlos Eduardo Costa, R. A. Banaco, Myenne Mieko Ayres Tsutsumi
ABSTRACT The role of physical effort on the resistance to change is controversial. While some studies show that physical effort negatively affects resistance to change, others did not report this effect. We sought to examine the effects of different physical effort requirements on resistance to extinction in a systematic replication of a previous experiment. Five undergraduates pressed two spring buttons under a multiple variable-interval (VI) VI schedule during Baseline (BL). Each response that fulfilled the VI contingency and the physical-effort requirement (50 or 10 N) produced 100 points. The participants changed the total points earned for money at the end of each experimental session. During Test, participants responded in a multiple extinction (EXT) EXT schedule. We observed greater resistance to extinction in the Low-Effort (i.e., 10N) Component during most test sessions for three participants. We discuss individual differences in terms of extinction as a process and as a procedure.
{"title":"Effects of different physical-effort requirements on resistance to extinction in humans","authors":"André Luiz, Carlos Eduardo Costa, R. A. Banaco, Myenne Mieko Ayres Tsutsumi","doi":"10.1080/15021149.2021.1932344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2021.1932344","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The role of physical effort on the resistance to change is controversial. While some studies show that physical effort negatively affects resistance to change, others did not report this effect. We sought to examine the effects of different physical effort requirements on resistance to extinction in a systematic replication of a previous experiment. Five undergraduates pressed two spring buttons under a multiple variable-interval (VI) VI schedule during Baseline (BL). Each response that fulfilled the VI contingency and the physical-effort requirement (50 or 10 N) produced 100 points. The participants changed the total points earned for money at the end of each experimental session. During Test, participants responded in a multiple extinction (EXT) EXT schedule. We observed greater resistance to extinction in the Low-Effort (i.e., 10N) Component during most test sessions for three participants. We discuss individual differences in terms of extinction as a process and as a procedure.","PeriodicalId":37052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Behavior Analysis","volume":"414 1","pages":"30 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77029838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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