Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1081/e-emgp-120020851
Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward
On the basis of 16S rRNA analysis (1) it was concluded that the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia, which does neither contain mitochondria nor a Golgi apparatus, represents the lowest known lineage in the eucaryal domain. In order to gain a better insight into the phylogenetic relationship between the three evolutionary domains of life, we included this primitive eukaryote in the comparison of sequences of the largest (A) subunits of eucaryal RNA polymerases and corresponding components (,B',A and A'plus A" respectively) from Bacteria and Archaea (2). The amino acid sequence NADFDGD(E/Q)M(N/A) is conserved in all ,3',A (respectively A') subunits of bacterial, eucaryal and archaeal RNA polymerases known so far (3, 4, 5). Frequently, an oligonucleotide primer derived from this sequence, specifically hybridized to three G. lamblia chromosomal DNA fragments, whether digested with SacI, AvaI, BamHI, XbaI, HindIII, SalI, PstI or PvuII (Figure 1). Thus it is probable that G. lamblia like other eukaryotes contains three different nuclear RNA polymerases. A PstI-fragment identified in this way was cloned into pBluescriptTM II SK+ and sequenced in both directions. It was found to contain a complete open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 529 amino acids (from 1439 bp to 3022 bp) and the larger part of a
根据16S rRNA分析(1)，我们得出结论，既不含线粒体也不含高尔基体的肠道寄生虫贾第鞭毛虫是已知真核区最低的谱系。为了更好地了解生命三个进化域之间的系统发育关系，我们将这种原始真核生物纳入了细菌和古细菌真核RNA聚合酶的最大(a)亚基及其相应组分(分别为，B'， a和a ' + a ")的序列比较中(2)。氨基酸序列NADFDGD(E/Q)M(N/ a)在细菌的所有3'，a(分别为a ')亚基中都是保守的。目前已知的真核细菌和古细菌RNA聚合酶(3,4,5)。通常，从该序列衍生的寡核苷酸引物特异性地与三个兰氏螺旋体染色体DNA片段杂交，无论是用SacI、AvaI、BamHI、XbaI、HindIII、SalI、PstI还是PvuII(图1)消化。因此，兰氏螺旋体很可能像其他真核生物一样含有三种不同的核RNA聚合酶。用这种方法鉴定的psti片段被克隆到pBluescriptTM II SK+中，并在两个方向上进行测序。结果发现，该基因包含一个完整的开放阅读框(ORF)，编码一个529个氨基酸的推测蛋白(从1439 bp到3022 bp)和a
{"title":"Giardia lamblia","authors":"Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward","doi":"10.1081/e-emgp-120020851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/e-emgp-120020851","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of 16S rRNA analysis (1) it was concluded that the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia, which does neither contain mitochondria nor a Golgi apparatus, represents the lowest known lineage in the eucaryal domain. In order to gain a better insight into the phylogenetic relationship between the three evolutionary domains of life, we included this primitive eukaryote in the comparison of sequences of the largest (A) subunits of eucaryal RNA polymerases and corresponding components (,B',A and A'plus A\" respectively) from Bacteria and Archaea (2). The amino acid sequence NADFDGD(E/Q)M(N/A) is conserved in all ,3',A (respectively A') subunits of bacterial, eucaryal and archaeal RNA polymerases known so far (3, 4, 5). Frequently, an oligonucleotide primer derived from this sequence, specifically hybridized to three G. lamblia chromosomal DNA fragments, whether digested with SacI, AvaI, BamHI, XbaI, HindIII, SalI, PstI or PvuII (Figure 1). Thus it is probable that G. lamblia like other eukaryotes contains three different nuclear RNA polymerases. A PstI-fragment identified in this way was cloned into pBluescriptTM II SK+ and sequenced in both directions. It was found to contain a complete open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 529 amino acids (from 1439 bp to 3022 bp) and the larger part of a","PeriodicalId":370939,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Infectious Disease","volume":"323 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115754638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4324/9780203856871-38
Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward
{"title":"Trypanosoma spp.","authors":"Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward","doi":"10.4324/9780203856871-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203856871-38","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370939,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Infectious Disease","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128188747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4324/9780203856871-34
P. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, J. Holton, William L. Irving, N. Porakishvili, P. Venkatesan, K. Ward
{"title":"Streptococcus mitis","authors":"P. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, J. Holton, William L. Irving, N. Porakishvili, P. Venkatesan, K. Ward","doi":"10.4324/9780203856871-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203856871-34","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370939,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Infectious Disease","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125399028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6361-4
Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward
{"title":"Clostridium difficile","authors":"Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-6361-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6361-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370939,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Infectious Disease","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123080439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward
Background: subsp. serovar Typhi is a serovar of the O:9 (D1) serogroup. . Typhi causes typhoid fever, a Salmonella enterica enterica S life-threatening disease that is characterized by sustained fever as high as 103° to 104° F (39° to 40° C). In developed countries, this serovar is considered rare; however, in developing countries, it is among the top ten serovars that caused disease in humans. Typhi kills Salmonella S. approx. 600.000 people annually. A number of projects have the genome of strains of ; these studies have concluded that . sequenced S. Typhi S Typhi is a highly clonal serovar that emerged approx. 30,000-50,000 years ago. In addition, studies have found that horizontal gene transfer plays an important role in the evolution . Typhi, this included the acquisition of plasmids encoding multiple antibiotic resistant genes in multidrug S resist strains. ant
{"title":"Salmonella typhi","authors":"Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward","doi":"10.1201/b16752-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/b16752-36","url":null,"abstract":"Background: subsp. serovar Typhi is a serovar of the O:9 (D1) serogroup. . Typhi causes typhoid fever, a Salmonella enterica enterica S life-threatening disease that is characterized by sustained fever as high as 103° to 104° F (39° to 40° C). In developed countries, this serovar is considered rare; however, in developing countries, it is among the top ten serovars that caused disease in humans. Typhi kills Salmonella S. approx. 600.000 people annually. A number of projects have the genome of strains of ; these studies have concluded that . sequenced S. Typhi S Typhi is a highly clonal serovar that emerged approx. 30,000-50,000 years ago. In addition, studies have found that horizontal gene transfer plays an important role in the evolution . Typhi, this included the acquisition of plasmids encoding multiple antibiotic resistant genes in multidrug S resist strains. ant","PeriodicalId":370939,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Infectious Disease","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123705299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4324/9780203856871-10
P. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, J. Holton, W. Irving, N. Porakishvili, P. Venkatesan, K. N. Ward
Several biochemical properties of a 43 kDa v-abl-encoded tyrosine-specific protein kinase (p43V-abl) expressed in Escherichia coli were examined. p43v-abl is a fragment of a 60 kDa v-abl-encoded precursor, p60 v-abl, and could be generated by limited proteolysis of a purified p60v-abl with trypsin. Tryptic cleavage of p60v-abl was prevented in the presence of ATP. These results suggest that the catalytic kinase domain of v-abl-derived protein can be separated from other (regulatory) domains by limited proteolysis. p43v-abl readily phosphorylated tyrosine residues on several different protein and peptide substrates, including peptides containing only two amino acid residues. However, the local sequence of the tyrosine-containing peptide substrate significantly affected its rate of phosphorylation. Thus the primary structure and local conformation at the tyrosine acceptor site can play an important role in determining the substrate specificity of v-abl-derived kinase. Phosphorylation by p43 v-abl requires Mn2", Co2" or Mg2" and exhibits a strong preference for ATP as phosphate donor. Analogues of ATP and the thiol-reactive reagent N-ethylmaleimide inhibited p43 v-abl kinase activity. Purified p43 v-abl is intrinsically thermolabile (t1 = 5 min at 40 °C) and phosphorylates glycerol inefficiently (Km = 1.4 M). approximately equal amounts of p6Ov-abl p43v-abl as immunoblot analysis or Coomassie molecular sizes of p43v-abl estimated protein
{"title":"Escherichia coli","authors":"P. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, J. Holton, W. Irving, N. Porakishvili, P. Venkatesan, K. N. Ward","doi":"10.4324/9780203856871-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203856871-10","url":null,"abstract":"Several biochemical properties of a 43 kDa v-abl-encoded tyrosine-specific protein kinase (p43V-abl) expressed in Escherichia coli were examined. p43v-abl is a fragment of a 60 kDa v-abl-encoded precursor, p60 v-abl, and could be generated by limited proteolysis of a purified p60v-abl with trypsin. Tryptic cleavage of p60v-abl was prevented in the presence of ATP. These results suggest that the catalytic kinase domain of v-abl-derived protein can be separated from other (regulatory) domains by limited proteolysis. p43v-abl readily phosphorylated tyrosine residues on several different protein and peptide substrates, including peptides containing only two amino acid residues. However, the local sequence of the tyrosine-containing peptide substrate significantly affected its rate of phosphorylation. Thus the primary structure and local conformation at the tyrosine acceptor site can play an important role in determining the substrate specificity of v-abl-derived kinase. Phosphorylation by p43 v-abl requires Mn2\", Co2\" or Mg2\" and exhibits a strong preference for ATP as phosphate donor. Analogues of ATP and the thiol-reactive reagent N-ethylmaleimide inhibited p43 v-abl kinase activity. Purified p43 v-abl is intrinsically thermolabile (t1 = 5 min at 40 °C) and phosphorylates glycerol inefficiently (Km = 1.4 M). approximately equal amounts of p6Ov-abl p43v-abl as immunoblot analysis or Coomassie molecular sizes of p43v-abl estimated protein","PeriodicalId":370939,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Infectious Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128856395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4324/9780203856871-19
P. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, J. Holton, W. Irving, N. Porakishvili, P. Venkatesan, K. N. Ward
{"title":"Leishmania spp.","authors":"P. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, J. Holton, W. Irving, N. Porakishvili, P. Venkatesan, K. N. Ward","doi":"10.4324/9780203856871-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203856871-19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370939,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Infectious Disease","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124754783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, K. Ward
% (goats). Detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA was determined through use of a real time PCR assay validated for use in bovine, ovine, and caprine feces; threshold of detection is one DNA copy per PCR (sensitivity 95.8%, specificity 100%). All tested samples were negative for Coxiella burnetii DNA. We conclude that non‐dairy, non‐periparturient ruminants exhibited at Iowa fairs are unlikely to shed Coxiella burnetii in their feces and that this population should not be considered to be a significant exposure risk to other livestock or fair attendees.
{"title":"Coxiella burnetii","authors":"Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, K. Ward","doi":"10.4324/9780203856871-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203856871-6","url":null,"abstract":"% (goats). Detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA was determined through use of a real time PCR assay validated for use in bovine, ovine, and caprine feces; threshold of detection is one DNA copy per PCR (sensitivity 95.8%, specificity 100%). All tested samples were negative for Coxiella burnetii DNA. We conclude that non‐dairy, non‐periparturient ruminants exhibited at Iowa fairs are unlikely to shed Coxiella burnetii in their feces and that this population should not be considered to be a significant exposure risk to other livestock or fair attendees.","PeriodicalId":370939,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Infectious Disease","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125109889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4324/9780203856871-32
Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward
{"title":"Schistosoma spp.","authors":"Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward","doi":"10.4324/9780203856871-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203856871-32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370939,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Infectious Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130561463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-3468-8.50129-2
P. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, J. Holton, William L. Irving, N. Porakishvili, P. Venkatesan, K. Ward
{"title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae","authors":"P. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, J. Holton, William L. Irving, N. Porakishvili, P. Venkatesan, K. Ward","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-7020-3468-8.50129-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7020-3468-8.50129-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370939,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Infectious Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130675759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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