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Constraint-based bare-hand immersive 3D modelling 基于约束的徒手沉浸式3D建模
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1515/icom-2023-0013
Thomas Jung, J. H. Israel, Ruben Ahlhelm, Patrick Bauer
Abstract Three-dimensional user interfaces that are controlled by the user’s bare hands are mostly based on purely gesture-based interaction techniques. However, these interfaces are often slow and error prone. Especially in the field of immersive 3D modelling, gestures are unsuitable because they complicate and delay the modelling process. To address these problems, we present a new gesture-free 3D modelling technique called “3D touch-and-drag”, which allows users to select vertices by approaching them and to terminate operations by moving the 3D cursor (e.g. the forefinger) away from the constraint geometry (e.g. a straight line or a plane). Our proposed technique makes it possible to transfer the existing 3D modelling concepts (“3D widgets”) to virtual environments, as shown by an experimental 3D modelling tool. The gesture-free bare-hand interaction also improves the possibility of tactile feedback during 3D manipulation. We compared different modelling techniques for controlling the 3D widgets. We found that controller-based techniques are significantly faster than finger-tracking-based techniques. The 3D touch-and-drag technique is about as fast as gesture-based interactions. Mouse interaction in a two-dimensional GUI is only slightly faster than the 3D modelling techniques. Since our proposed technique has proven to be at least equivalent to gesture-based interaction techniques in terms of accuracy and efficiency, its further development using more accurate tracking techniques seems promising to exploit the advantages of hands-free and gesture-free interaction for immersive 3D modelling.
由用户徒手控制的三维用户界面大多基于纯粹的基于手势的交互技术。然而,这些接口通常很慢,而且容易出错。特别是在沉浸式三维建模领域,手势由于使建模过程复杂化和延迟而不适合。为了解决这些问题,我们提出了一种新的无手势3D建模技术,称为“3D触摸和拖动”,它允许用户通过接近顶点来选择顶点,并通过将3D光标(例如食指)从约束几何(例如直线或平面)移动来终止操作。我们提出的技术可以将现有的3D建模概念(“3D小部件”)转移到虚拟环境中,如实验性3D建模工具所示。无手势的徒手交互也提高了3D操作过程中触觉反馈的可能性。我们比较了控制3D部件的不同建模技术。我们发现基于控制器的技术比基于手指跟踪的技术要快得多。3D触摸和拖动技术与基于手势的交互一样快。鼠标在二维GUI中的交互只比3D建模技术快一点点。由于我们提出的技术已被证明在准确性和效率方面至少相当于基于手势的交互技术,因此使用更精确的跟踪技术的进一步发展似乎有希望利用无手和无手势交互的优势进行沉浸式3D建模。
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引用次数: 0
Fostering skills with chatbot-based digital tutors – training programming skills in a field study 通过基于聊天机器人的数字导师培养技能——在实地研究中训练编程技能
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1515/icom-2022-0044
Sebastian Hobert
Abstract Digital skills, particularly programming, have become a vital prerequisite for succeeding in today’s work life. Developing those skills is, however, a challenging task, as it requires perseverance, effort, and practice. To teach coding, individualized tutoring adapted to the novice programmers’ state of knowledge has evolved as the most promising learning strategy. However, offering sufficient learning support while practicing coding tasks is a challenge due to resource constraints. Following a three-cycle design science research approach, we developed a chatbot-based digital tutor that can support novice programmers using individualized, automated conversations based on adaptive learning paths and in-depth code analyses. In this article, we present the final version of the digital tutor software and report the findings of introducing it in a field setting over two entire lecture periods. We show that digital tutors can effectively provide individualized guidance in moments of need and offer high learning satisfaction in a long-term learning setting. This article expands the state of research by presenting insights into how students interact with a digital tutor over an entire lecture period. This also provides insights on how to design digital tutors for developing skills.
数字技能,尤其是编程,已经成为当今职场成功的重要先决条件。然而,发展这些技能是一项具有挑战性的任务,因为它需要毅力、努力和实践。为了教授编程,适应新手程序员知识状态的个性化辅导已经成为最有前途的学习策略。然而,由于资源限制,在练习编码任务时提供足够的学习支持是一项挑战。遵循三周期设计科学研究方法,我们开发了一个基于聊天机器人的数字导师,可以支持新手程序员使用基于自适应学习路径和深入代码分析的个性化自动对话。在这篇文章中,我们展示了数字导师软件的最终版本,并报告了在两个完整的讲座期间将其引入现场设置的结果。我们的研究表明,数字导师可以有效地在需要的时刻提供个性化的指导,并在长期的学习环境中提供较高的学习满意度。本文通过展示学生如何在整个讲座期间与数字导师互动的见解,扩展了研究的状态。这也为如何设计培养技能的数字导师提供了见解。
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引用次数: 2
Frontmatter 头版头条
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/icom-2023-frontmatter1
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引用次数: 0
Digital natives aren't concerned much about privacy, or are they? 数字原生代不太关心隐私,是吗?
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/icom-2022-0041
Edith Maier, Michael Doerk, Ulrich Reimer, Matthias Baldauf

Voice assistants have become embedded in people's private spaces and domestic lives where they gather enormous amounts of personal information which is why they evoke serious privacy concerns. The paper reports the findings from a mixed-method study with 65 digital natives, their attitudes to privacy and actual and intended behaviour in privacy-sensitive situations and contexts. It also presents their recommendations to governments or organisations with regard to protecting their data. The results show that the majority are concerned about privacy but are willing to disclose personal data if the benefits outweigh the risks. The prevailing attitude is one characterised by uncertainty about what happens with their data, powerlessness about controlling their use, mistrust in big tech companies and uneasiness about the lack of transparency. Few take steps to self-manage their privacy, but rely on the government to take measures at the political and regulatory level. The respondents, however, show scant awareness of existing or planned legislation such as the GDPR and the Digital Services Act, respectively. A few participants are anxious to defend the analogue world and limit digitalization in general which in their opinion only opens the gate to surveillance and misuse.

语音助手已经融入了人们的私人空间和家庭生活,它们收集了大量的个人信息,这就是为什么它们引起了严重的隐私问题。本文报告了一项对65名数字原生代进行的混合方法研究的结果,研究了他们对隐私的态度,以及在隐私敏感的情况和背景下的实际和预期行为。它还向政府或组织提出了关于保护其数据的建议。调查结果显示,大多数人担心隐私问题,但如果好处大于风险,他们愿意披露个人数据。主流态度的特点是:不确定他们的数据会发生什么,对控制数据的使用无能为力,对大型科技公司的不信任,以及对缺乏透明度的不安。很少有人采取措施自我管理自己的隐私,而是依靠政府在政治和监管层面采取措施。然而,受访者对现有或计划中的立法(如GDPR和数字服务法案)知之甚少。一些参与者急于捍卫模拟世界,并限制数字化,在他们看来,这只会打开监控和滥用的大门。
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引用次数: 3
Authentication methods for voice services on smart speakers – a multi-method study on perceived security and ease of use 智能扬声器上语音服务的认证方法——感知安全性和易用性的多方法研究
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1515/icom-2022-0039
Andreas Renz, Thomas Neff, Matthias Baldauf, Edith Maier
Abstract With the increasing proliferation of security-critical voice-based services such as voice banking, user authentication on smart speakers is becoming a vital requirement. Prior research on verifying the speaker’s identity has been taken a technical perspective predominantly, while respective user-centered research is scarce. To investigate authentication methods for smart speakers from a user’s perspective, we conducted a multi-method experiment. In a comprehensive online survey (n = 696) and a comparative lab study (n = 18) with an advanced functional prototype we studied 6 authentication methods (spoken PIN, biometrics, app with button/voice confirmation, card reader, sound authentication) regarding their perceived security and ease of use. While token-based authentication approaches (in particular an authenticator app on a smartphone) typically are perceived as more secure, they are found inferior when it comes to the ease of use. The currently most frequently used authentication method for smart speakers, the spoken PIN method, seems to represent a compromise between security and ease of use. The sophisticated sound authentication was appreciated for its ease of use, however, was rated worst regarding the perceived security.
随着语音银行等安全关键型语音业务的日益普及,对智能音箱的用户认证成为一项重要需求。以往对说话人身份验证的研究主要集中在技术层面,而以用户为中心的相关研究较少。为了从用户的角度研究智能音箱的认证方法,我们进行了多方法实验。在一项全面的在线调查(n = 696)和一项具有先进功能原型的比较实验室研究(n = 18)中,我们研究了6种认证方法(语音PIN,生物识别,带有按钮/语音确认的应用程序,读卡器,声音认证),以及它们的感知安全性和易用性。虽然基于令牌的身份验证方法(特别是智能手机上的身份验证应用程序)通常被认为更安全,但在易用性方面,它们被认为是劣势。目前智能扬声器最常用的身份验证方法是语音PIN方法,这似乎是安全性和易用性之间的折衷。复杂的声音认证因其易于使用而受到赞赏,然而,在感知安全性方面被评为最差。
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引用次数: 0
PrintAssist—a conversational human-machine interface for 3D printers printassistant -用于3D打印机的会话人机界面
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1515/icom-2022-0045
Florian Jasche, Philip Weber, Shi Liu, Thomas Ludwig
Abstract 3D printers are no longer found only in industry, universities or makerspaces but now are increasingly used in domestic settings. Personal fabrication will increase in the coming years, and 3D printing will play an important role in this process. Due to technology and price development, 3D printers are becoming established among casual users at home. However, there are still many hurdles in the use of 3D printers that interfere with their appropriation in everyday life. In this paper, we investigate how chatbots can overcome these hurdles and support onboarding to 3D printing. Furthermore, we explore how chatbots can be used as a human–machine interface and facilitate interaction with 3D printers for both novice and expert users. In a research-through-design approach, we have created a fully functional chatbot that introduces users to 3D printing and helps them perform typical tasks when operating 3D printers.
3D打印机不再只存在于工业、大学或创客空间,而是越来越多地在家庭环境中使用。个人制造将在未来几年增加,3D打印将在这一过程中发挥重要作用。由于技术和价格的发展,3D打印机在家庭休闲用户中逐渐建立起来。然而,在使用3D打印机的过程中仍然存在许多障碍,这些障碍会干扰它们在日常生活中的使用。在本文中,我们研究了聊天机器人如何克服这些障碍并支持登录3D打印。此外,我们探讨了聊天机器人如何用作人机界面,并促进新手和专家用户与3D打印机的交互。在研究通过设计的方法中,我们创建了一个功能齐全的聊天机器人,向用户介绍3D打印,并帮助他们在操作3D打印机时执行典型任务。
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引用次数: 2
Special issue on “conversational agents” – Editorial 关于“会话代理”的特刊-社论
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1515/icom-2023-0010
Thomas Ludwig, Philip Weber, A. Maedche, A. Riener
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引用次数: 0
Addressing loneliness in the workplace through human-robot interaction 通过人机交互解决工作场所的孤独感
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.1515/icom-2023-0006
Melina Busch, Tim Lindermayer, Klara Schuster, Jonas Zhang, Pia Von Terzi
Abstract New work has been a topic for a few years now and the COVID-19 pandemic has brought this trend more into focus, i.e., working remotely became more popular. However, besides various advantages, there is the risk of loneliness in employees, which can negatively affect their work performance and mental health. Research in different domains suggests that social robots could reduce loneliness. Since we were interested in whether and how such findings are transferable to the office context, we developed and tested a concept for a social office robot. More specifically, we first conducted a cultural probes study with white-collar workers to gain information about workplace loneliness and its drivers. Second, we explored design possibilities for a social office robot in a focus group. Based on the results, we created a concrete concept, Luca, which we finally evaluated and optimized with the help of interviews with participants from various industries. The present work contributes to HRI research and practice, e.g., by providing design recommendations for the implementation of a social office robot. Future research could investigate the effectiveness of a social office robot intervention in field studies. Next to implications for research and practice, potential limitations are discussed.
近年来,新工作一直是一个热门话题,新冠肺炎疫情使这一趋势更加受到关注,即远程工作变得更加流行。然而,除了这些优势之外,员工也存在孤独的风险,这会对他们的工作绩效和心理健康产生负面影响。不同领域的研究表明,社交机器人可以减少孤独感。由于我们对这些发现是否以及如何转移到办公室环境感兴趣,我们开发并测试了社交办公室机器人的概念。更具体地说,我们首先对白领进行了文化探索研究,以获得有关工作场所孤独感及其驱动因素的信息。其次,我们在焦点小组中探讨了社交办公机器人的设计可能性。基于这些结果,我们创建了一个具体的概念Luca,并通过对各行各业参与者的访谈,最终对其进行了评估和优化。目前的工作有助于人力资源研究所的研究和实践,例如,通过为社交办公机器人的实施提供设计建议。未来的研究可以在实地研究中调查社交办公机器人干预的有效性。除了对研究和实践的影响外,还讨论了潜在的局限性。
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引用次数: 0
Fridolin: participatory design and evaluation of a nutrition chatbot for older adults Fridolin:老年人营养聊天机器人的参与式设计和评估
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.1515/icom-2022-0042
Philip Weber, Faisal Mahmood, Michael Ahmadi, Vanessa von Jan, Thomas Ludwig, R. Wieching
Abstract In recent years, emerging approaches to chatbot-guided food coaching and dietary management, while innovative and promising in nature, have often lacked long-term studies. Therefore, with this work, we pursued a participatory approach within a design case study to the co-design and development of a nutrition chatbot for elderly people. Overall, 15 participants were directly involved in the study, of which 12 participated in the initial co-design phase, seven in the first real-world evaluation study over four weeks, and three in the second evaluation study over seven weeks. We contribute to the fields of Human-Computer Interaction by showing how the long-term use of such a chatbot in the area of nutrition looks like, which design implications arise for the development of nutrition chatbots, and how a participatory design approach can be realized to design, evaluate and develop nutrition chatbots.
近年来,聊天机器人指导的饮食指导和饮食管理方法虽然具有创新性和前景,但往往缺乏长期研究。因此,通过这项工作,我们在设计案例研究中采用参与式方法,共同设计和开发老年人营养聊天机器人。总共有15名参与者直接参与了这项研究,其中12人参加了最初的共同设计阶段,7人参加了为期四周的第一次真实世界评估研究,3人参加了为期七周的第二次评估研究。我们通过展示这种聊天机器人在营养领域的长期使用情况,对营养聊天机器人的开发产生的设计影响,以及如何实现参与式设计方法来设计,评估和开发营养聊天机器人,从而为人机交互领域做出贡献。
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引用次数: 2
Say what you want, I'm not listening!: A conversational self-reflection robot that does not parse user speech. 随你怎么说,我没在听不解析用户语音的对话式自省机器人。
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-10 eCollection Date: 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/icom-2022-0047
Adriana Lorena González, Denise Y Geiskkovitch, James E Young

We present a conversational social robot behaviour design that draws from psychotherapy research to support individual self-reflection and wellbeing, without requiring the robot to parse or otherwise understand what the user is saying. This simplicity focused approached enabled us to intersect the well-being aims with privacy and simplicity, while achieving high robustness. We implemented a fully autonomous and standalone (not network enabled) prototype and conducted a proof-of-concept study as an initial step to test the feasibility of our behaviour design: whether people would successfully engage with our simple behaviour and could interact meaningfully with it. We deployed our robot unsupervised for 48 h into the homes of 14 participants. All participants engaged with self-reflection with the robot without reporting any interaction challenges or technical issues. This supports the feasibility of our specific behaviour design, as well as the general viability of our non-parsing simplicity approach to conversation, which we believe to be an exciting avenue for further exploration. Our results thus pave the way for further exploring how conversational behaviour designs like ours may support people living with loneliness.

我们介绍了一种会话式社交机器人行为设计,它借鉴了心理治疗研究的方法,以支持个人的自我反思和健康,而不要求机器人解析或以其他方式理解用户所说的话。这种注重简便性的方法使我们能够将幸福感目标与隐私和简便性相融合,同时实现高度鲁棒性。我们实施了一个完全自主、独立(不支持网络)的原型,并进行了概念验证研究,作为测试我们行为设计可行性的第一步:人们是否会成功地参与到我们的简单行为中,并与其进行有意义的互动。我们在无人监督的情况下将机器人放置在 14 位参与者家中 48 小时。所有参与者都与机器人进行了自我反思,没有报告任何互动挑战或技术问题。这证明了我们特定行为设计的可行性,以及我们的非解析简易对话方法的普遍可行性。因此,我们的研究结果为进一步探索像我们这样的对话行为设计如何为孤独患者提供支持铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
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