The progression of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology from supervised learning to semi-supervised methods and ultimately reaching the realm of unsupervised AI marks a remarkable evolution in the field. This article explores this captivating journey, tracing the development of AI from its roots in supervised learning, where models are trained using labeled data, to the innovative semi-supervised approach, which harnesses the power labeled and unlabeled data. The pinnacle of this evolution is unsupervised learning, where AI systems autonomously uncover hidden patterns and relationships within unlabeled data. The implications of this evolution are profound, shaping industries and sparking ethical conversations. This article delves into each stage, revealing the mechanics, applications, and potential societal impact of AI’s transformative trajectory. As we peer into the future, we anticipate an era of AI innovation characterized by unprecedented adaptability, creativity, and discovery.
{"title":"The Evolution of Artificial Intelligence: From Supervised to Semi-Supervised and Ultimately Unsupervised Technology Trends","authors":"Bahman Zohuri","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1040","url":null,"abstract":"The progression of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology from supervised learning to semi-supervised methods and ultimately reaching the realm of unsupervised AI marks a remarkable evolution in the field. This article explores this captivating journey, tracing the development of AI from its roots in supervised learning, where models are trained using labeled data, to the innovative semi-supervised approach, which harnesses the power labeled and unlabeled data. The pinnacle of this evolution is unsupervised learning, where AI systems autonomously uncover hidden patterns and relationships within unlabeled data. The implications of this evolution are profound, shaping industries and sparking ethical conversations. This article delves into each stage, revealing the mechanics, applications, and potential societal impact of AI’s transformative trajectory. As we peer into the future, we anticipate an era of AI innovation characterized by unprecedented adaptability, creativity, and discovery.","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127195921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article delves into the transformative partnership between Business Resilience Systems (BRS) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), as well as the consequent entanglement, which enables enterprises to navigate uncertainties and capitalize on opportunities in today’s changing business world. Traditional continuity plans have given way to comprehensive, adaptive frameworks that include risk management, agility, and innovation. AI, on the other hand, is a powerful instrument that can analyze massive volumes of data, foresee disturbances, and enable real-time monitoring. The combination of BRS with AI creates a symbiotic connection that promotes continuous learning, rapid response, and task automation, resulting in a more resilient and agile system. However, issues such as data privacy, bias, and human-machine collaboration necessitate careful attention. Businesses may harness the potential of AI within BRS through appropriate integration to develop a culture of resilience and adaptation, assuring long-term success in the face of rapid chang
{"title":"The Synergy of Business Resilience Systems and Artificial Intelligence Entanglement","authors":"Bahman Zohuri","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1039","url":null,"abstract":"This article delves into the transformative partnership between Business Resilience Systems (BRS) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), as well as the consequent entanglement, which enables enterprises to navigate uncertainties and capitalize on opportunities in today’s changing business world. Traditional continuity plans have given way to comprehensive, adaptive frameworks that include risk management, agility, and innovation. AI, on the other hand, is a powerful instrument that can analyze massive volumes of data, foresee disturbances, and enable real-time monitoring. The combination of BRS with AI creates a symbiotic connection that promotes continuous learning, rapid response, and task automation, resulting in a more resilient and agile system. However, issues such as data privacy, bias, and human-machine collaboration necessitate careful attention. Businesses may harness the potential of AI within BRS through appropriate integration to develop a culture of resilience and adaptation, assuring long-term success in the face of rapid chang","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128793651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laminar plumes that under goes buoyancy reversal have just been studied. It is true that fast penetration of the rising fluid will result to strong interaction between the rising plume and the ambient fluid which will lead to a quick halt based on the production of denser fluid that in turn halt their rise height. Thus, the present work have considered some sort of balance between viscous, inertia and buoyancy to have a reasonable plume’s rise height and effective mixing as we observe the behavior of these rising plumes while varying Reynolds number. At initial time interval, plumes were symmetric. There was a sideways flapping and bobbing motion after when the penetrating head became dense and detached. Two regimes of Re dependence fountains height over the range of Re ≤ 200 and the time τn taken to attain that height was recorded. Relations were also drawn that describes the rate of decrease in the fountain’s height from our empirically determined data set. Profiles of temperature and the various velocity components were also determined. Thus, with the quadratic dependence relation assumption, laminar fountains are feasible for Pr = 7 or 11.4, 5 ≤ Re ≤ 200 and 0.5 Fr. The fountains here are independent of Pr but dependent of both Re and Fr.
{"title":"Flow Parameter Dependence of Laminar Plumes with Buoyancy Reversal from a Line Source","authors":"Alabodite Meipre George","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1036","url":null,"abstract":"Laminar plumes that under goes buoyancy reversal have just been studied. It is true that fast penetration of the rising fluid will result to strong interaction between the rising plume and the ambient fluid which will lead to a quick halt based on the production of denser fluid that in turn halt their rise height. Thus, the present work have considered some sort of balance between viscous, inertia and buoyancy to have a reasonable plume’s rise height and effective mixing as we observe the behavior of these rising plumes while varying Reynolds number. At initial time interval, plumes were symmetric. There was a sideways flapping and bobbing motion after when the penetrating head became dense and detached. Two regimes of Re dependence fountains height over the range of Re ≤ 200 and the time τn taken to attain that height was recorded. Relations were also drawn that describes the rate of decrease in the fountain’s height from our empirically determined data set. Profiles of temperature and the various velocity components were also determined. Thus, with the quadratic dependence relation assumption, laminar fountains are feasible for Pr = 7 or 11.4, 5 ≤ Re ≤ 200 and 0.5 Fr. The fountains here are independent of Pr but dependent of both Re and Fr.","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131522129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The so-called area of quantum technologies is a new and disruptive technological field, essentially from physics and engineering, with the ability to affect almost all human activities. They are based on the properties of quantum mechanics like quantum tunneling, quantum entanglement, and quantum superposition. Examples of areas of application of these emerging technologies are quantum computing, quantum communications, quantum sensing, quantum cryptography, quantum internet, quantum imaging, quantum metrology, quantum biology, among others. These technologies are of the interest of both the defense and security industry, and military and governmental actors. For military applications, and after a strong advanced engineering process, these technologies introduce new capabilities, improving effectiveness and increasing precision, thus leading to the so-called quantum warfare, wherein new military strategies, doctrines, policies, and ethics should be established. In particular, these military applications of quantum technologies can be described for various warfare domains like land, air, space, electronic, cyber, and underwater warfare and also for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance. Among those applications mentioned before, quantum computing is expected to have a number of important uses such as optimization and machine learning, associated to both artificial intelligence and blockchain. Quantum computers are perhaps best known for their expected ability to carry out Shor’s algorithm, which can be used to factorize large numbers and is an important process in the securing of data transmissions, essential for military applications. In this review of our own work, we show the physics and some of the applications of the Josephson junction which plays and important and essential role in the fabrication of quantum computers with superconducting qubits. Nowadays, applications of Josephson junction devices go from the most sensitive sensor to measure magnetic flux, called S.QU.I.D. (from Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) to the core of quantum computers, the quantum bits. The Josephson junction is an old quantum engine for a rising new world with incredible disruptive technological possibilities in engineering, especially in military applications where it plays a fundamental strategic differential for National Security and Defense.
{"title":"Quantum Technologies and the Engineering of Josephson JunctionBased Sensors: Disruptive Innovation as a Strategic Differential for National Security and Defense","authors":"Fernando M Araujo Moreira","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1037","url":null,"abstract":"The so-called area of quantum technologies is a new and disruptive technological field, essentially from physics and engineering, with the ability to affect almost all human activities. They are based on the properties of quantum mechanics like quantum tunneling, quantum entanglement, and quantum superposition. Examples of areas of application of these emerging technologies are quantum computing, quantum communications, quantum sensing, quantum cryptography, quantum internet, quantum imaging, quantum metrology, quantum biology, among others. These technologies are of the interest of both the defense and security industry, and military and governmental actors. For military applications, and after a strong advanced engineering process, these technologies introduce new capabilities, improving effectiveness and increasing precision, thus leading to the so-called quantum warfare, wherein new military strategies, doctrines, policies, and ethics should be established. In particular, these military applications of quantum technologies can be described for various warfare domains like land, air, space, electronic, cyber, and underwater warfare and also for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance. Among those applications mentioned before, quantum computing is expected to have a number of important uses such as optimization and machine learning, associated to both artificial intelligence and blockchain. Quantum computers are perhaps best known for their expected ability to carry out Shor’s algorithm, which can be used to factorize large numbers and is an important process in the securing of data transmissions, essential for military applications. In this review of our own work, we show the physics and some of the applications of the Josephson junction which plays and important and essential role in the fabrication of quantum computers with superconducting qubits. Nowadays, applications of Josephson junction devices go from the most sensitive sensor to measure magnetic flux, called S.QU.I.D. (from Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) to the core of quantum computers, the quantum bits. The Josephson junction is an old quantum engine for a rising new world with incredible disruptive technological possibilities in engineering, especially in military applications where it plays a fundamental strategic differential for National Security and Defense.","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121332109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monitoring coastal regions is very important to protect the marine environment as a whole. Coastal erosion, sea level rise, coastal changes, flooding, and harmful algal blooms, are examples of challenges in coastal areas resulting from climate change. Furthermore, pollution from oil spills and agricultural activities that release large quantities of agrochemicals, organic matter, drug residues, sediments and saline drainage into coastal waters are further examples of coastal challenges and criticalities. All of these challenges require a high level of attention. Coastal monitoring through remote sensing approaches and possible models capable of predicting future developments can represent valid tools available to policymakers to develop interventions. Hard and soft engineering interventions can counteract the effects of coastal erosion, wave action, shoreline and flooding, thus restoring coasts and all associated activities. This mini-review describes remote sensing approaches for coastal monitoring, such as the use of unmanned aircraft, and possible hard and soft engineering interventions capable of mitigating coastal damage according to sustainability rules.
{"title":"Monitoring of Coastal Areas by Remote Sensing and Engineering Approaches","authors":"M. Pepi","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1033","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring coastal regions is very important to protect the marine environment as a whole. Coastal erosion, sea level rise, coastal changes, flooding, and harmful algal blooms, are examples of challenges in coastal areas resulting from climate change. Furthermore, pollution from oil spills and agricultural activities that release large quantities of agrochemicals, organic matter, drug residues, sediments and saline drainage into coastal waters are further examples of coastal challenges and criticalities. All of these challenges require a high level of attention. Coastal monitoring through remote sensing approaches and possible models capable of predicting future developments can represent valid tools available to policymakers to develop interventions. Hard and soft engineering interventions can counteract the effects of coastal erosion, wave action, shoreline and flooding, thus restoring coasts and all associated activities. This mini-review describes remote sensing approaches for coastal monitoring, such as the use of unmanned aircraft, and possible hard and soft engineering interventions capable of mitigating coastal damage according to sustainability rules.","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"143 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120977952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this reflection article is to demonstrate the applicability of the concept of thermoeconomics as support for strategic management accounting in the chemical industry. The concept of thermoeconomics is described, as well as its applications on energy performance and production process costs. The concept of strategic accounting is also described, and an illustrative example is provided to relate the two concepts and demonstrate that thermoeconomics could be a functional tool in calculating strategic costs for generating competitive advantages in the chemical sector.
{"title":"Thermoeconomics as Support for Strategic Accounting","authors":"Juan Sebastian Fernández Ramírez","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1030","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this reflection article is to demonstrate the applicability of the concept of thermoeconomics as support for strategic management accounting in the chemical industry. The concept of thermoeconomics is described, as well as its applications on energy performance and production process costs. The concept of strategic accounting is also described, and an illustrative example is provided to relate the two concepts and demonstrate that thermoeconomics could be a functional tool in calculating strategic costs for generating competitive advantages in the chemical sector.","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"476 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115645667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solving the Crisis of Harmful Algal Blooms","authors":"Rakesh Govind","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115494492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This experimental study aims to analyze the influence of lathe rotation and secondary dendritic arm spacing, λ2, on the surface roughness (arithmetic mean deviation of the surface height from the mean line through the profile, Ra) of an Al3wt.%Si alloy. The samples were obtained by horizontal directional solidification under unsteady heat flow conditions and subsequent necking of the ingot at defined positions from the metal / mold Interface. The roughness analysis was performed using optical microscopy. The results showed that, for all rotations, the roughness variation as a function of the secondary dendritic spacing can be expressed by experimental power function given by Ra= a (λ2 )b , where a and b are constants. It was also observed that, for the same secondary dendritic arm spacing, lower roughness values were obtained for higher rotations.
本实验研究旨在分析车床转速和二次枝晶臂间距λ2对Al3wt表面粗糙度(表面高度与通过轮廓的平均线的算术平均偏差Ra)的影响。% Si合金。试样是在非定常热流条件下通过水平定向凝固获得的，然后在金属/模具界面的指定位置对铸锭进行颈缩。使用光学显微镜进行粗糙度分析。结果表明，对于所有旋转，粗糙度随次级枝晶间距的变化都可以用实验幂函数Ra= a (λ2)b表示，其中a和b为常数。还观察到，对于相同的次级枝晶臂间距，较高的旋转获得较低的粗糙度值。
{"title":"Influence of Lathe Rotation and Secondary Dendritic Arm Spacing on Surface Roughness of an Al-3wt.%Si Alloy Submitted to the Necking Process","authors":"Maria Adrina Paixão de Souza da Silva","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1028","url":null,"abstract":"This experimental study aims to analyze the influence of lathe rotation and secondary dendritic arm spacing, λ2, on the surface roughness (arithmetic mean deviation of the surface height from the mean line through the profile, Ra) of an Al3wt.%Si alloy. The samples were obtained by horizontal directional solidification under unsteady heat flow conditions and subsequent necking of the ingot at defined positions from the metal / mold Interface. The roughness analysis was performed using optical microscopy. The results showed that, for all rotations, the roughness variation as a function of the secondary dendritic spacing can be expressed by experimental power function given by Ra= a (λ2 )b , where a and b are constants. It was also observed that, for the same secondary dendritic arm spacing, lower roughness values were obtained for higher rotations.","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128690326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work analyzed the amount of capillary-trapped CO2 for maximum residual gas saturation due to relative permeability hysteresis. Upward migration of CO2 is unwanted because it increases the risk of CO2 migration from storage sites to the surface. One way to mitigate CO2 leakage risk is to reduce the vertical CO2 migration to improved storage capacity and containment security. A compositional simulator (CMG-GEM) was used to simulate the flow of two components (CO2 and H2 O). A fluid model was built with the PR 78 EOS using WINPROP. A base case model without relative permeability hysteresis was simulated and compared with the case with relative permeability hysteresis. The amount of CO2 trapped, and CO2 saturation distribution were analyzed for maximum trapped gas saturation of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. Results shows an increase in the amount of CO2 trapped as the maximum residual gas saturation was increased from 0.3 to 0.4 and 0.5 with a value of 16560128mol for the base case study, 49041744mol, 59502924mol and 67286728mol respectively for maximum residual gas saturation due to relative permeability hysteresis of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 respectively. Very little accumulation of CO2 occurs when the maximum trapped gas saturation due to relative permeability hysteresis was set at 0.5. Result reveals that after 200 years, almost all the CO2 was trapped in the formation. Therefore, the imbibition cycle at the trailing end of the CO2 plume should be considered as accounting for hysteresis effects has led to a spread-out distrib
{"title":"The Impact of Relative Permeability Hysteresis on CO2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifer","authors":"Bright Bariakpoa Kinate","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1027","url":null,"abstract":"This work analyzed the amount of capillary-trapped CO2 for maximum residual gas saturation due to relative permeability hysteresis. Upward migration of CO2 is unwanted because it increases the risk of CO2 migration from storage sites to the surface. One way to mitigate CO2 leakage risk is to reduce the vertical CO2 migration to improved storage capacity and containment security. A compositional simulator (CMG-GEM) was used to simulate the flow of two components (CO2 and H2 O). A fluid model was built with the PR 78 EOS using WINPROP. A base case model without relative permeability hysteresis was simulated and compared with the case with relative permeability hysteresis. The amount of CO2 trapped, and CO2 saturation distribution were analyzed for maximum trapped gas saturation of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. Results shows an increase in the amount of CO2 trapped as the maximum residual gas saturation was increased from 0.3 to 0.4 and 0.5 with a value of 16560128mol for the base case study, 49041744mol, 59502924mol and 67286728mol respectively for maximum residual gas saturation due to relative permeability hysteresis of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 respectively. Very little accumulation of CO2 occurs when the maximum trapped gas saturation due to relative permeability hysteresis was set at 0.5. Result reveals that after 200 years, almost all the CO2 was trapped in the formation. Therefore, the imbibition cycle at the trailing end of the CO2 plume should be considered as accounting for hysteresis effects has led to a spread-out distrib","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128414408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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