The aggressive acid treatment creates a wealth of oxygen-containing functional groups (-OH, C=O, C-O) on the surface of an adsorbent and acts as binding sites for catalyst support therefore, in this study, the surface of monolith (ACM) was oxidized via the acid modification and high temperature activation. Various types of catalysts from the precursors of cerium nitrate (CeO2 /ACM), copper nitrate (CuO/ACM) and cobalt nitrate (Co3 O4 /ACM) using the deposition precipitation synthesis method. The catalyst activity tests were investigated in a fixed bed reactor by passing a stream of flue gas generated by burning coal. The breakthrough study of SO2 /NOx and the experimental results showed that for CeO2 /ACM catalyst the adsorption capacity of SO2 was 24.3 and 18.5 mg/g for NOx and for CuO/ACM catalyst they were 27.0 and 32.8mg/g and for Co3 O4 /ACM catalyst, values obtained were 10.6 and 49.7mg/g. FTIR, BET and FESEM analysis were performed. This investigation depicts the development of highly efficient adsorbent for flue gas treatment.
{"title":"Modification of Monolith for Simultaneous SO2 /NO x Removal from Flue Gas","authors":"Kiman Silas","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1016","url":null,"abstract":"The aggressive acid treatment creates a wealth of oxygen-containing functional groups (-OH, C=O, C-O) on the surface of an adsorbent and acts as binding sites for catalyst support therefore, in this study, the surface of monolith (ACM) was oxidized via the acid modification and high temperature activation. Various types of catalysts from the precursors of cerium nitrate (CeO2 /ACM), copper nitrate (CuO/ACM) and cobalt nitrate (Co3 O4 /ACM) using the deposition precipitation synthesis method. The catalyst activity tests were investigated in a fixed bed reactor by passing a stream of flue gas generated by burning coal. The breakthrough study of SO2 /NOx and the experimental results showed that for CeO2 /ACM catalyst the adsorption capacity of SO2 was 24.3 and 18.5 mg/g for NOx and for CuO/ACM catalyst they were 27.0 and 32.8mg/g and for Co3 O4 /ACM catalyst, values obtained were 10.6 and 49.7mg/g. FTIR, BET and FESEM analysis were performed. This investigation depicts the development of highly efficient adsorbent for flue gas treatment.","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120944045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last years the interest of the people and scientists to the planets of Solar system and far space objects with relation to the search of potential exoplanets is increasing constantly. One of the reasons is that space missions are more and more oriented to the possible colonization of near-field space bodies. Among all engineering problems of exploring the properties of the space objects one is very exciting. This is related to the properties adapted to the human feelings and senses. More people are interested to the properties available to our senses like smell, taste, dactylic sensations, sounds, etc. Most of these feelings are adapted to the Earth’s atmosphere and humans’ evolution of senses. The question is – how the human being with its senses will have feelings on the space bodies? The complicated engineering solutions can transform the chemical components and physical properties of the space objects, obtained by different remote sensing methods and spacecraft’s missions to the familiar to humans’ feelings. This short presentation is targeted to the description about some organoleptic properties of the space objects (taste, smell, sounds), including as well such subjective feeling like “beautifulness”. The analysis shows that the nice-looking space bodies frequently are not very hostable to the humans. Even more – they are really dangerous for the potential visitors.
{"title":"Beautifulness of Some Space Objects and Other Unusual Properties","authors":"B. Ranguelov","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1014","url":null,"abstract":"During the last years the interest of the people and scientists to the planets of Solar system and far space objects with relation to the search of potential exoplanets is increasing constantly. One of the reasons is that space missions are more and more oriented to the possible colonization of near-field space bodies. Among all engineering problems of exploring the properties of the space objects one is very exciting. This is related to the properties adapted to the human feelings and senses. More people are interested to the properties available to our senses like smell, taste, dactylic sensations, sounds, etc. Most of these feelings are adapted to the Earth’s atmosphere and humans’ evolution of senses. The question is – how the human being with its senses will have feelings on the space bodies? The complicated engineering solutions can transform the chemical components and physical properties of the space objects, obtained by different remote sensing methods and spacecraft’s missions to the familiar to humans’ feelings. This short presentation is targeted to the description about some organoleptic properties of the space objects (taste, smell, sounds), including as well such subjective feeling like “beautifulness”. The analysis shows that the nice-looking space bodies frequently are not very hostable to the humans. Even more – they are really dangerous for the potential visitors.","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115704978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This brief review focuses on Artificial Intelligence in Africa’s burgeoning population. Amongst the problems discussed in this article is the limited resources which is an aftermath of population increase. More so, increase in population does not necessarily mean more resources cannot be created just as is seen in the case of China which has managed to float a polarized economy. In other words, Africa is in this situation as a result of mismanagement and misappropriation. What is of interest is the fact that Cremer and Kasparov have emphasized the augmentation of AI with human activities. This is a situation whereby employees can work alongside AI mechanisms as against total replacement of employees. Unfortunately, this may not be achievable in Africa where the little resources that are made available are unprofessionally handled. This implies that a lot of people would be out of jobs. But if Cremer and Kasparov’s ideas are considered; it may be too expensive to co-manage, dangerous in a ravaging pandemic situation or archaic by the time the future becomes completely AI.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Africa’s Burgeoning Population. Brief Review of Cremer and Kasparov for Augmentation","authors":"James Chike Nwankwo","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1013","url":null,"abstract":"This brief review focuses on Artificial Intelligence in Africa’s burgeoning population. Amongst the problems discussed in this article is the limited resources which is an aftermath of population increase. More so, increase in population does not necessarily mean more resources cannot be created just as is seen in the case of China which has managed to float a polarized economy. In other words, Africa is in this situation as a result of mismanagement and misappropriation. What is of interest is the fact that Cremer and Kasparov have emphasized the augmentation of AI with human activities. This is a situation whereby employees can work alongside AI mechanisms as against total replacement of employees. Unfortunately, this may not be achievable in Africa where the little resources that are made available are unprofessionally handled. This implies that a lot of people would be out of jobs. But if Cremer and Kasparov’s ideas are considered; it may be too expensive to co-manage, dangerous in a ravaging pandemic situation or archaic by the time the future becomes completely AI.","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123695419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the digital tools and methodology for the implementation of a web-based platform for the promotion of cultural heritage buildings and sites and relating this to people and their communities. The creation of the platform and its usability are described as well as the importance of such tools for the preservation and promotion of community cultural heritage as a tool for exploring, discovering, documenting, examining, analyzing, interpreting, presenting and sharing information related to people, communities, societies, places and material products and practices associated with those people and places. The case study demonstrates how existing content can be re-used to develop new content, applications and presentation paradigms.
{"title":"Use of 3D Geomatic Tools for Promoting Historic Buildings - The Case Study of Ktima Fix","authors":"M. Tsakiri","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the digital tools and methodology for the implementation of a web-based platform for the promotion of cultural heritage buildings and sites and relating this to people and their communities. The creation of the platform and its usability are described as well as the importance of such tools for the preservation and promotion of community cultural heritage as a tool for exploring, discovering, documenting, examining, analyzing, interpreting, presenting and sharing information related to people, communities, societies, places and material products and practices associated with those people and places. The case study demonstrates how existing content can be re-used to develop new content, applications and presentation paradigms.","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130954874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globally, approximately 44 TW of geothermal heat is transferred through convection from the earth’s core to the surface. The largest portion of this heat (30 TW) is generated by radioactive decay in the core and mantle of the Earth. The difference (14 TW) indicates continuous cooling of the Earth, mainly through the oceans. The Kardashev Scale classifies a Type 1 civilization’s energy consumption to be estimated at 40 TW, capable of harnessing the energy of its planet. In comparison, earth’s electrical energy generation in 2019 was estimated at about 7.5TW. The Kardashev Scale was later modified and expanded by Ćirković and Michio Kaku to include an additional requirement that earth as a Type -1 civilization must control the crust of the planet (eliminate earthquakes). Research shows that the energy available within 80km on both sides of the 80000km long oceanic ridges of this planet is estimated at approximately 10TW. Indications from the only oceanic ridge geothermal harvesting example in Iceland are that it may delay large earthquakes, implying a reduction in crustal movement. If the future engineering and construction technology is advanced enough, it could be possible to harvest a significant amount of geothermal energy at oceanic ridges deep below the ocean’s surface and reduce seafloor spreading, which is one of the main drivers behind plate tectonics and earthquakes: - A benefit while harvesting a significant amount of clean renewable energy, the energy of the planet
{"title":"Can Earth as a Level 1 Civilization control Plate Tectonics and eliminate Earthquakes by harnessing the Energy of the Planet?","authors":"Fourie C J S","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1011","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, approximately 44 TW of geothermal heat is transferred through convection from the earth’s core to the surface. The largest portion of this heat (30 TW) is generated by radioactive decay in the core and mantle of the Earth. The difference (14 TW) indicates continuous cooling of the Earth, mainly through the oceans. The Kardashev Scale classifies a Type 1 civilization’s energy consumption to be estimated at 40 TW, capable of harnessing the energy of its planet. In comparison, earth’s electrical energy generation in 2019 was estimated at about 7.5TW. The Kardashev Scale was later modified and expanded by Ćirković and Michio Kaku to include an additional requirement that earth as a Type -1 civilization must control the crust of the planet (eliminate earthquakes). Research shows that the energy available within 80km on both sides of the 80000km long oceanic ridges of this planet is estimated at approximately 10TW. Indications from the only oceanic ridge geothermal harvesting example in Iceland are that it may delay large earthquakes, implying a reduction in crustal movement. If the future engineering and construction technology is advanced enough, it could be possible to harvest a significant amount of geothermal energy at oceanic ridges deep below the ocean’s surface and reduce seafloor spreading, which is one of the main drivers behind plate tectonics and earthquakes: - A benefit while harvesting a significant amount of clean renewable energy, the energy of the planet","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130402393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
costs, as function of project progress throughout the various development stages. This pertains to most project categories whether it is infrastructure development or the development of systems or product and services. Thus, much can be achieved by addressing such cost optimization and related risks early, with alternative paths and foresee cascade effects when executing individual project activities. Thereby avoiding accelerating costs and detrimental cascade effects.
{"title":"Project Management Shall Use Artificial Intelligence (AI) Driven Algorithms When Addressing Project Costs and Risks","authors":"Dag H Zeiner-Gundersen","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1010","url":null,"abstract":"costs, as function of project progress throughout the various development stages. This pertains to most project categories whether it is infrastructure development or the development of systems or product and services. Thus, much can be achieved by addressing such cost optimization and related risks early, with alternative paths and foresee cascade effects when executing individual project activities. Thereby avoiding accelerating costs and detrimental cascade effects.","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134462632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present paper, impact study of nylon projectile on composite targets using a water-jet disruptor was addressed with damage mechanism. The three different composite targets such as teak, ply and pine woods were used in the experiment. The strength of wood and the damage under impact load is very crucial. The failure under load is very intricate as it is made up of natural composite. The composite target damage mechanism depends on characterisation and impact velocity of projectile. Simultaneously stresses and strains are generated which makes it responsible to cause the damage. Disruptor using water-jet plays a very crucial role in neutralising Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) with the minimum risk. These devices are designed to generate a high velocity water-jet using an electrically initiated gas generator cartridge. This helps in separating the critical components of IED’s and avoiding them from operating as anticipated. The damage caused by a waterjet disruptor is not quantified in assessing the performance. However, at present no technique was available to evaluate the performance. The terminal ballistics tests at the target end are found appropriate for solid projectiles, such as penetration of bullet into target plates or impact of fragments. These terminal effects are the good indicators considering the destruction. The available alternative measurement techniques are cost effective that forms a basis for future common test protocols. The authors suggested that craters made by a nylon projectile using the disruptor provide a quantitative measure. This should be considered as a potential for upcoming standard test for evaluating the performance. The impact caused by a nylon projectile is dependent on projectile kinetic energy and the dissemination of stress wave in the surrounding zone. The energy dissipated by a nylon projectile gets absorbed by the targets through a certain mechanisms. Ballistic velocities for various targets are also worked out. Pinewood has less ballistic velocity limit as compared to other two targets. Study and methods for the disruptor performance on various composite targets (plywood, teak wood and pinewood with 15 mm thickness) at 0.5 and 1m stand-off distances are evaluated. This compares with the respective common target tests. From the experiments, it is concluded that a nylon projectile has potential to penetrate through composite targets.
{"title":"Impact Study on Composite Targets by a Nylon Projectile","authors":"Parate Ba","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1007","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, impact study of nylon projectile on composite targets using a water-jet disruptor was addressed with damage mechanism. The three different composite targets such as teak, ply and pine woods were used in the experiment. The strength of wood and the damage under impact load is very crucial. The failure under load is very intricate as it is made up of natural composite. The composite target damage mechanism depends on characterisation and impact velocity of projectile. Simultaneously stresses and strains are generated which makes it responsible to cause the damage. Disruptor using water-jet plays a very crucial role in neutralising Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) with the minimum risk. These devices are designed to generate a high velocity water-jet using an electrically initiated gas generator cartridge. This helps in separating the critical components of IED’s and avoiding them from operating as anticipated. The damage caused by a waterjet disruptor is not quantified in assessing the performance. However, at present no technique was available to evaluate the performance. The terminal ballistics tests at the target end are found appropriate for solid projectiles, such as penetration of bullet into target plates or impact of fragments. These terminal effects are the good indicators considering the destruction. The available alternative measurement techniques are cost effective that forms a basis for future common test protocols. The authors suggested that craters made by a nylon projectile using the disruptor provide a quantitative measure. This should be considered as a potential for upcoming standard test for evaluating the performance. The impact caused by a nylon projectile is dependent on projectile kinetic energy and the dissemination of stress wave in the surrounding zone. The energy dissipated by a nylon projectile gets absorbed by the targets through a certain mechanisms. Ballistic velocities for various targets are also worked out. Pinewood has less ballistic velocity limit as compared to other two targets. Study and methods for the disruptor performance on various composite targets (plywood, teak wood and pinewood with 15 mm thickness) at 0.5 and 1m stand-off distances are evaluated. This compares with the respective common target tests. From the experiments, it is concluded that a nylon projectile has potential to penetrate through composite targets.","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124992485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although rural-urban migration is dominated by women nationally in Ethiopia, the feature of out migration from certain parts of the country has been largely men’s affair. Little is known how the livelihood of women is affected in the long run when their counterparts migrate out and the former assume the virtual headship of their households’ in Ethiopia. This study is therefore, intended to assess how women cope with in the absence of their husbands and support their family and identifies the major socioeconomic and institutional factors that influence their effort to improve their livelihood. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approach of data gathering. In the study, descriptive design was employed. Generally, sample size of the study was one hundred twelve (112) such that 20 male households, 80 de facto women households, four chairman of kebeles, four experts from office of agriculture and four aged person from four rural kebeles were included by using multi stage sampling method. The study employed questionnaires, interviews, document reviewing and discussion with focus groups. On the basis and types of data gathered and the instrument used, both quantitative and qualitative techniques of data analysis supported by SPSS were employed. The result of the study indicates that male-out migration has greatly affected the livelihood of the women who are left behind. The labor gap created due to the absence of male head has negatively affected the agricultural production and the natural resource conservation activity in the study area. Thus, to improve the lives of de facto women heads by mitigating the social, economic and cultural barriers which hinder their effort to win a decent livelihood, certain recommendation, gleaned out from this study were suggested to the concerned bodies.
{"title":"Challenges of Rural Women Livelihood and Coping Strategies, in the Case of Wolayta Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Tadele Tesfaye","doi":"10.54026/ctes/1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54026/ctes/1006","url":null,"abstract":"Although rural-urban migration is dominated by women nationally in Ethiopia, the feature of out migration from certain parts of the country has been largely men’s affair. Little is known how the livelihood of women is affected in the long run when their counterparts migrate out and the former assume the virtual headship of their households’ in Ethiopia. This study is therefore, intended to assess how women cope with in the absence of their husbands and support their family and identifies the major socioeconomic and institutional factors that influence their effort to improve their livelihood. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approach of data gathering. In the study, descriptive design was employed. Generally, sample size of the study was one hundred twelve (112) such that 20 male households, 80 de facto women households, four chairman of kebeles, four experts from office of agriculture and four aged person from four rural kebeles were included by using multi stage sampling method. The study employed questionnaires, interviews, document reviewing and discussion with focus groups. On the basis and types of data gathered and the instrument used, both quantitative and qualitative techniques of data analysis supported by SPSS were employed. The result of the study indicates that male-out migration has greatly affected the livelihood of the women who are left behind. The labor gap created due to the absence of male head has negatively affected the agricultural production and the natural resource conservation activity in the study area. Thus, to improve the lives of de facto women heads by mitigating the social, economic and cultural barriers which hinder their effort to win a decent livelihood, certain recommendation, gleaned out from this study were suggested to the concerned bodies.","PeriodicalId":371070,"journal":{"name":"Current Trends in Engineering Science (CTES)","volume":"264 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125809130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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