Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.33899/earth.2019.170271
Ali Almwaly, Marwan Mutib, Mohammed Taha
{"title":"Resistivity Isotropicity and Homogeneity for Sub-base Layer of Selected Roads in Ninevah Governorate, Northern Iraq","authors":"Ali Almwaly, Marwan Mutib, Mohammed Taha","doi":"10.33899/earth.2019.170271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2019.170271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123791499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.33899/earth.2019.170269
E. Al-Khafaf, Majid M. Al-Mutwali
The present research includes a biostratigraphic study of calcareous nannofossils of the lower part of Balambo Formation (Lower Cretaceous) in Azmir anticline northeastern Iraq. Lithologically, the lower part of the studied section (Balambo Formation) consists of limestone containing nodules of chert, marly limestone, with intercalations of green and gray-blue shale. In this work, it has been relied on calcareous nannofossils assamblages in biostratigaphy and age determination of this part because it does not contain planktonic foraminifera. First occurrences (FOs) and last occurrences (LOs) of marker species were used to identify biozones. The section was divided into four main biozones and two subzones and its correlation with collection from global, regional, and local biozones. Thus, the age of this part of the formation extends from the Late Early Hauterivian Late Aptian. These are from older to younger: 9Speetonia colligata Interval Zone (part) 2Lithraphidites bollii Interval Zone 3Micrantholithus hoschulzii Partial range Zone 4Chiastozygus litterarius Interval Zone Hayesites irregularis Interval Subzone Eprolithus floralis Interval Subzone (part)
{"title":"Calcareous Nannofossils Biostratigraphy of the Lower Part of Balambo Formation (Lower Cretaceous) in Azmir Anticline - Northeastern Iraq","authors":"E. Al-Khafaf, Majid M. Al-Mutwali","doi":"10.33899/earth.2019.170269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2019.170269","url":null,"abstract":"The present research includes a biostratigraphic study of calcareous nannofossils of the lower part of Balambo Formation (Lower Cretaceous) in Azmir anticline northeastern Iraq. Lithologically, the lower part of the studied section (Balambo Formation) consists of limestone containing nodules of chert, marly limestone, with intercalations of green and gray-blue shale. In this work, it has been relied on calcareous nannofossils assamblages in biostratigaphy and age determination of this part because it does not contain planktonic foraminifera. First occurrences (FOs) and last occurrences (LOs) of marker species were used to identify biozones. The section was divided into four main biozones and two subzones and its correlation with collection from global, regional, and local biozones. Thus, the age of this part of the formation extends from the Late Early Hauterivian Late Aptian. These are from older to younger: 9Speetonia colligata Interval Zone (part) 2Lithraphidites bollii Interval Zone 3Micrantholithus hoschulzii Partial range Zone 4Chiastozygus litterarius Interval Zone Hayesites irregularis Interval Subzone Eprolithus floralis Interval Subzone (part)","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114655936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.33899/earth.2019.170267
Zaid A. Malak, Nabil Y. Al-Banna, Majid M. Al-Mutwali
Gercus Formation is exposed in northern Iraq. When the passive Arabian continental margin collided with the active continental margin of the Turkish and Iranian plates, a part of the source rocks of Gercus red beds were carried out from Iran and Turkey territories and deposited in the molasses trough, parallel to the suture zone of the collision, and the others were driving from the longitudinal paleo-high lying parallel to the trough basin of Gercus Formation. The present study is based on three surface sections, Bekhme, Sarsank and Amadiya areas in Northern Iraq. Generally, the Gercus Formation consists of reddish brown to light grey, well bedded sandstones and mudstones in addition to thin beds of conglomerates. The most of sandstone particles are composed of polycrystalline and monocrystalline quartz (of metamorphic and plutonic origin), K and Na – feldspar (derived from igneous and metamorphic source rocks), and chert grains of sedimentary source. Carbonate and other rock fragments with low ratio of mica group and heavy minerals (magnetite and rutile) are present too. The sandstones of Gercus Formation, generally contain low-moderate quantities of clay as matrix in all sections, therefore, they are texturally immature. On the other hand, the low ratio of quatrz and chert to feldspar and other components indicates to mineralogically immature sandstones. According to McBride classification, it is sublith arenite Lithic arenite sandstone. Petrographic analysis of sandstones in Bekhme section revealed that it consist of variable amount of detritus, represented by the abundance of quartz and chert rock fragments with low content of feldspar, and at Sarsank and Amadiya sections, the Gercus sandstones are characterized by the abundant chert rock fragments with high percentage of metamorphic rock fragments. So they lay in the recycled provenance source of collision orogen.
{"title":"The provenance of Eocene sandstones (Gercus Formation), Northern Iraq","authors":"Zaid A. Malak, Nabil Y. Al-Banna, Majid M. Al-Mutwali","doi":"10.33899/earth.2019.170267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2019.170267","url":null,"abstract":"Gercus Formation is exposed in northern Iraq. When the passive Arabian continental margin collided with the active continental margin of the Turkish and Iranian plates, a part of the source rocks of Gercus red beds were carried out from Iran and Turkey territories and deposited in the molasses trough, parallel to the suture zone of the collision, and the others were driving from the longitudinal paleo-high lying parallel to the trough basin of Gercus Formation. The present study is based on three surface sections, Bekhme, Sarsank and Amadiya areas in Northern Iraq. Generally, the Gercus Formation consists of reddish brown to light grey, well bedded sandstones and mudstones in addition to thin beds of conglomerates. The most of sandstone particles are composed of polycrystalline and monocrystalline quartz (of metamorphic and plutonic origin), K and Na – feldspar (derived from igneous and metamorphic source rocks), and chert grains of sedimentary source. Carbonate and other rock fragments with low ratio of mica group and heavy minerals (magnetite and rutile) are present too. The sandstones of Gercus Formation, generally contain low-moderate quantities of clay as matrix in all sections, therefore, they are texturally immature. On the other hand, the low ratio of quatrz and chert to feldspar and other components indicates to mineralogically immature sandstones. According to McBride classification, it is sublith arenite Lithic arenite sandstone. Petrographic analysis of sandstones in Bekhme section revealed that it consist of variable amount of detritus, represented by the abundance of quartz and chert rock fragments with low content of feldspar, and at Sarsank and Amadiya sections, the Gercus sandstones are characterized by the abundant chert rock fragments with high percentage of metamorphic rock fragments. So they lay in the recycled provenance source of collision orogen.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128567259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.33899/earth.2019.170265
Raghda Saad Al-Hyaly, O. Al-Badrani
Thirteen samples of Aaliji Formation from the well (K-116), Kirkuk area, Northern Iraq, are studied on the basis of the stratigraphic ranges of the recorded calcareous nannofossils for sixty species, the studied section reveals five biozones arranged from oldest to youngest as follows: 1. Fasciculithus tympaniformis Interval Biozone (CP4) 2. Heliolithus kleinpellii Interval Biozone (CP5) 3. Discoaster mohleri Interval Biozone (CP6) 4. Discoaster nobilis Interval Biozone (CP7) 5. Discoaster multiraditus Interval Biozone (CP8) These biozones are correlated with other calcareous nannofossils biozones from both local and regional sections leading to conclude the age of Middle Paleocene to Early Eocene.
{"title":"Calcareous Nannofossils Biostratigraphy of Aaliji Formation in Well (K- 116), Northern Iraq","authors":"Raghda Saad Al-Hyaly, O. Al-Badrani","doi":"10.33899/earth.2019.170265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2019.170265","url":null,"abstract":"Thirteen samples of Aaliji Formation from the well (K-116), Kirkuk area, Northern Iraq, are studied on the basis of the stratigraphic ranges of the recorded calcareous nannofossils for sixty species, the studied section reveals five biozones arranged from oldest to youngest as follows: 1. Fasciculithus tympaniformis Interval Biozone (CP4) 2. Heliolithus kleinpellii Interval Biozone (CP5) 3. Discoaster mohleri Interval Biozone (CP6) 4. Discoaster nobilis Interval Biozone (CP7) 5. Discoaster multiraditus Interval Biozone (CP8) These biozones are correlated with other calcareous nannofossils biozones from both local and regional sections leading to conclude the age of Middle Paleocene to Early Eocene.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134296544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.33899/earth.2019.170266
Sabah H. Ali, Namik A. Daood, Ayman Ahmed
The application of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) to agriculture is due to the soil salinity measurement, which represents a problem in arid areas associated with irrigated agricultural land and shallow aquifers. The purpose of this paper is to apply the modern geo-referenced technology by using LandMapper ERM-02 device and GPS receiver to measure manually the soil ECa of (50) sites in the irrigated units N15 and N16 at Northern Al-Jazirah Irrigation Project. The remote sensing data, the map of Northern Al-Jazirah Irrigation Project and GIS are utilized to support the analysis and the spatial information of the measured ECa data. A kriging interpolation method is adopted to predict the ECa values at non-surveyed location and to create the final soil ECa map. The results of the field measurements show that the ECa in the study area varies between 2.66 to 51.74 dS/m. The results of the geostatistical analysis and the regression function of the ECa data indicate a decrease in the errors associated with the soil ECa interpolated map with increasing the values of soil ECa in the study area. However, the studied method is less accurate than the laboratory based soil sample analysis method, but for a quick estimate of soil salinity, this method is highly satisfied.
{"title":"Field Electrical Conductivity (EC) Mapping of a Selective Irrigated Units at Northern Al-Jazirah Irrigation Project, Iraq Using GIS and GPS Techniques","authors":"Sabah H. Ali, Namik A. Daood, Ayman Ahmed","doi":"10.33899/earth.2019.170266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2019.170266","url":null,"abstract":"The application of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) to agriculture is due to the soil salinity measurement, which represents a problem in arid areas associated with irrigated agricultural land and shallow aquifers. The purpose of this paper is to apply the modern geo-referenced technology by using LandMapper ERM-02 device and GPS receiver to measure manually the soil ECa of (50) sites in the irrigated units N15 and N16 at Northern Al-Jazirah Irrigation Project. The remote sensing data, the map of Northern Al-Jazirah Irrigation Project and GIS are utilized to support the analysis and the spatial information of the measured ECa data. A kriging interpolation method is adopted to predict the ECa values at non-surveyed location and to create the final soil ECa map. The results of the field measurements show that the ECa in the study area varies between 2.66 to 51.74 dS/m. The results of the geostatistical analysis and the regression function of the ECa data indicate a decrease in the errors associated with the soil ECa interpolated map with increasing the values of soil ECa in the study area. However, the studied method is less accurate than the laboratory based soil sample analysis method, but for a quick estimate of soil salinity, this method is highly satisfied.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130679279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.33899/earth.2019.170264
Rabeea Znad, Ibrahim Aljumaily
This study covered most of Kolosh Formation exposure areas in northern Iraq. Description of the lithology and measuring the actual thickness of the Formation from exposures and well logs were performed. The isopach map of the Formation was constructed. The sedimentation of the Formation was affected by the tectonic activity of the northeastern edge of the Arabian plate during the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The tectonic setting outlined the depozone of foreland basin system and controlled the variation of the deposits of the Kolosh Formation along the orogenic front (It revealed that there are more than one basin of deposition). The deviations of the depocenters of the Kolosh deposit basins from the current folds are depicted. The counterclockwise rotation of Arabian plate and its oblique collision with Iranian plate as well as the rejuvenation of the basement faults during the peak of the orogeny might cause such deviation. Keyword: Kolosh formation-foredeep backbulgedepozone-depocenters. ريثأت نيسويلابلا للاخ شولوك نيوكت بساور عيزوت ىلع ينوتكتلا عضولا – يلامش لفسلأا نيسويلاا قا رعلا دانز فلخ عيبر يليمجلا دعس ميها ربإ ضرلأا مولع مسق مولعلا ةيلك لصوملا ةعماج شولوك نيوكت بساور عيزوت رثأت طاشنلاب يتاتفلا قبطلل ةيقرشلا ةيلامشلا ةفاحلل ينوتكتلا ءانثأ يبرعلا لحا رم سثيتلا طيحم قلاغنإ ءوشنو ديدجلا بساور راشتنا ريسفت مت .يقا رعلا هئزج يف سوركا ز دنلاروف ضوح قفو نيوكتلا ةينوتكتلا ميهافملا ضاوحا ةمظنلا ،دنلاروفلا للاخ نم جاتنتسلاا مت ثيح يرحتلا مسرو يلقحلا دجاوت ىلا يواستملا كمسلا ةطيرخ رثكأ يهو ةيلاحلا تايطلا رواحم نع فرحنت يبيسرت )روحم(زكرم نم ( قيمعلا ماملاا ضوحلا قاطن يف ةعزوم foredeep depozine ) قاطنو ( زوربلا فلخ backbulge depozone .) :ةلادلا تاملكلا .سوركاز ،زوربلا فلخ ،ماملاا ضوحلا ،دنلاروفلا ضوح ،شولوك نيوكت The Impact of Tectonic Setting on Distribution of Kolosh Formation...... 22 INTRODUCTION Kolosh Formation is one of the widely distributed clastic sediments throughout northern Iraq. Many researchers considered the Formation as flysch deposits due to its lithological characteristics. Thus, the distribution of these deposits reflects the dynamic tectonic setting of Arabian northeastern edge during its subduction under Iranian plate and initiation of foreland basin system during late Cretaceous. The control of this tectonic setting on the distribution of the foreland basin deposits continued throughout early Tertiary. Kolosh Formation represents the clastic unit of fore-deep depozone (Znad, 2013). The constructed isopach map of the Formation depends on detailed fieldwork notes and measure of true thickness on all accessible outcrops, besides well logs. The southwestern rim of Kolosh basin is outlined at its transitional zone with Aliji Formation. The study area comprises most of northern Iraq (Fig. 1). LITHOLOGY OF KOLOSH FORMATION Kolosh Formation type section is cited and described by Dunnington (1952 in Bellen et al., 1959) in Koya within high fold zone of northern Iraq. Its age extends from Paleocene to early Eocene, with 777 meter thi
这项研究覆盖了伊拉克北部大部分Kolosh组暴露区域。根据暴露物和测井资料对地层岩性进行了描述，并测量了地层的实际厚度。构造了该组的等等距图。该组沉积受新特提斯洋闭合期间阿拉伯板块东北缘构造活动的影响。构造环境勾勒出了前陆盆地体系的沉积带，控制了造山带前缘科洛什组沉积的变化(表明沉积盆地不止一个)。描述了科洛什沉积盆地的沉积中心与当前褶皱的偏离。阿拉伯板块的逆时针旋转及其与伊朗板块的斜向碰撞，以及造山运动高峰期基底断裂的恢复，都可能是造成这种偏移的原因。关键词:科洛什组-前深后隆起沉积带-沉积中心ريثأتنيسويلابلاللاخشولوكنيوكتبساورعيزوتىلعينوتكتلاعضولا——يلامشلفسلأانيسويلااقارعلادانزفلخعيبريليمجلادعسميهاربإضرلأامولعمسقمولعلاةيلكلصوملاةعماجشولوكنيوكتبساورعيزوترثأتطاشنلابيتاتفلاقبطللةيقرشلاةيلامشلاةفاحللينوتكتلاءانثأيبرعلالحارمسثيتلاطيحمقلاغنإءوشنوديدجلابساورراشتناريسفتميت。قارعلاهئزجيفسوركازدنلاروفضوحقفونيوكتلاةينوتكتلاميهافملاضاوحاةمظنلا،دنلاروفلاللاخنمجاتنتسلاامتثيحيرحتلامسرويلقحلادجاوتىلايواستملاكمسلاةطيرخرثكأيهوةيلاحلاتايطلارواحمنعفرحنتيبيسرت)روحم(زكرمنم(قيمعلاماملااضوحلاقاطنيفةعزوم前渊depozine)قاطنو(زوربلافلخbackbulge depozone):ةلادلاتاملكلا。سوركاز،زوربلافلخ،ماملااضوحلا،دنلاروفلاضوح،شولوكنيوكتKolosh形成的构造背景对分配的影响……Kolosh组是伊拉克北部广泛分布的碎屑沉积物之一。由于其岩性特征，许多研究者认为该组为复理岩矿床。因此，这些矿床的分布反映了晚白垩世阿拉伯东北缘在伊朗板块俯冲和前陆盆地体系形成时的动态构造背景。这种构造环境对前陆盆地沉积分布的控制贯穿了早第三纪。Kolosh组是前深沉积带的碎屑单元(Znad, 2013)。除了测井资料外，构造的地层等厚度图还取决于详细的野外工作记录和所有可达露头的真实厚度测量。在盆地西南缘与阿利吉组过渡带处圈定了其轮廓。研究区域包括伊拉克北部大部分地区(图1)。KOLOSH组岩性KOLOSH组类型剖面由Dunnington (1952 in Bellen et al.， 1959)在伊拉克北部高褶皱带Koya引用和描述。其年代为古新世至始新世早期，厚度为777米。该地层由薄砂岩、粉砂岩、泥灰岩和少量砾岩、灰岩的韵律交替组成，层间为钙质粉砂页岩。它们类似于蝇类沉积物(Dunnington, 1958)。该组分布在伊拉克北部的大部分地区，在岩性性质上没有本质差异。一般来说，地层由深灰色易漂移的砂岩、页岩和粘土岩组成(图2)，在低地形成潮湿的深灰色土壤。砂岩层厚度在0.25m-3m之间，一般为中等硬度和细粒，偶尔有卵石(不超过2-3 cm)。砾岩层的厚度约为(1-2米)，砾石的大小不超过4厘米。叙利亚的
{"title":"The Impact of Tectonic Setting on Distribution of Kolosh Formation during Paleocene –Lower Eocene in Northern Iraq","authors":"Rabeea Znad, Ibrahim Aljumaily","doi":"10.33899/earth.2019.170264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2019.170264","url":null,"abstract":"This study covered most of Kolosh Formation exposure areas in northern Iraq. Description of the lithology and measuring the actual thickness of the Formation from exposures and well logs were performed. The isopach map of the Formation was constructed. The sedimentation of the Formation was affected by the tectonic activity of the northeastern edge of the Arabian plate during the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The tectonic setting outlined the depozone of foreland basin system and controlled the variation of the deposits of the Kolosh Formation along the orogenic front (It revealed that there are more than one basin of deposition). The deviations of the depocenters of the Kolosh deposit basins from the current folds are depicted. The counterclockwise rotation of Arabian plate and its oblique collision with Iranian plate as well as the rejuvenation of the basement faults during the peak of the orogeny might cause such deviation. Keyword: Kolosh formation-foredeep backbulgedepozone-depocenters. ريثأت نيسويلابلا للاخ شولوك نيوكت بساور عيزوت ىلع ينوتكتلا عضولا – يلامش لفسلأا نيسويلاا قا رعلا دانز فلخ عيبر يليمجلا دعس ميها ربإ ضرلأا مولع مسق مولعلا ةيلك لصوملا ةعماج شولوك نيوكت بساور عيزوت رثأت طاشنلاب يتاتفلا قبطلل ةيقرشلا ةيلامشلا ةفاحلل ينوتكتلا ءانثأ يبرعلا لحا رم سثيتلا طيحم قلاغنإ ءوشنو ديدجلا بساور راشتنا ريسفت مت .يقا رعلا هئزج يف سوركا ز دنلاروف ضوح قفو نيوكتلا ةينوتكتلا ميهافملا ضاوحا ةمظنلا ،دنلاروفلا للاخ نم جاتنتسلاا مت ثيح يرحتلا مسرو يلقحلا دجاوت ىلا يواستملا كمسلا ةطيرخ رثكأ يهو ةيلاحلا تايطلا رواحم نع فرحنت يبيسرت )روحم(زكرم نم ( قيمعلا ماملاا ضوحلا قاطن يف ةعزوم foredeep depozine ) قاطنو ( زوربلا فلخ backbulge depozone .) :ةلادلا تاملكلا .سوركاز ،زوربلا فلخ ،ماملاا ضوحلا ،دنلاروفلا ضوح ،شولوك نيوكت The Impact of Tectonic Setting on Distribution of Kolosh Formation...... 22 INTRODUCTION Kolosh Formation is one of the widely distributed clastic sediments throughout northern Iraq. Many researchers considered the Formation as flysch deposits due to its lithological characteristics. Thus, the distribution of these deposits reflects the dynamic tectonic setting of Arabian northeastern edge during its subduction under Iranian plate and initiation of foreland basin system during late Cretaceous. The control of this tectonic setting on the distribution of the foreland basin deposits continued throughout early Tertiary. Kolosh Formation represents the clastic unit of fore-deep depozone (Znad, 2013). The constructed isopach map of the Formation depends on detailed fieldwork notes and measure of true thickness on all accessible outcrops, besides well logs. The southwestern rim of Kolosh basin is outlined at its transitional zone with Aliji Formation. The study area comprises most of northern Iraq (Fig. 1). LITHOLOGY OF KOLOSH FORMATION Kolosh Formation type section is cited and described by Dunnington (1952 in Bellen et al., 1959) in Koya within high fold zone of northern Iraq. Its age extends from Paleocene to early Eocene, with 777 meter thi","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125226467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.33899/earth.2019.170035
Majid M. Al-Mutwali, M. Ibrahim
The biostratigraphy of Tanjero Formation has been investigated within a wellexposed section at the northern limb of Perat anticline, Bekhme area, Northeastern Iraq. The studied section consists mainly of marl, marly limestone, and sandstone. The formation conformably overlies Shiranish Formation (Late Campanian-Maastrichtian) and it is overlain unconformably by the Kolosh Formation (Paleocene). The samples of the section under investigation yielded rich and well diversified planktonic foraminiferal taxa, where 69 planktonic species belonging to 21 genera have been recognized. The detailed foraminiferal investigation permits the recognition of four well defined zones. These are from older at the base: 4. Plummerita hantkeninoides Total Range Zone. 3. Pseudoguembelina palpebra Partial Range Zone. 2. Pseudoguembelina hariaensis Interval Zone. 1. Racemiguembelina fructicosa Interval Zone. The Planktonic zones were correlated with other zonal schemes inand outside Iraq. They are considered to be of Late Maastrichtian age.
{"title":"Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of Tanjero Formation (Late Maastrichtian) in Bekhme Area, Northeastern Iraq","authors":"Majid M. Al-Mutwali, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.33899/earth.2019.170035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2019.170035","url":null,"abstract":"The biostratigraphy of Tanjero Formation has been investigated within a wellexposed section at the northern limb of Perat anticline, Bekhme area, Northeastern Iraq. The studied section consists mainly of marl, marly limestone, and sandstone. The formation conformably overlies Shiranish Formation (Late Campanian-Maastrichtian) and it is overlain unconformably by the Kolosh Formation (Paleocene). The samples of the section under investigation yielded rich and well diversified planktonic foraminiferal taxa, where 69 planktonic species belonging to 21 genera have been recognized. The detailed foraminiferal investigation permits the recognition of four well defined zones. These are from older at the base: 4. Plummerita hantkeninoides Total Range Zone. 3. Pseudoguembelina palpebra Partial Range Zone. 2. Pseudoguembelina hariaensis Interval Zone. 1. Racemiguembelina fructicosa Interval Zone. The Planktonic zones were correlated with other zonal schemes inand outside Iraq. They are considered to be of Late Maastrichtian age.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114182603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.33899/earth.2018.159255
H. Adeeb, Azealdeen Jawadi, Dhiaa Salih
{"title":"Evaluation of Engineering Properties of Rocks and Soils of a Part of the Southwestern Area of Mosul City","authors":"H. Adeeb, Azealdeen Jawadi, Dhiaa Salih","doi":"10.33899/earth.2018.159255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2018.159255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116370428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.33899/earth.2018.159263
Muhamad Aljoboury
This study was carried out using mineral analysis data from XRD and the bromoform solution for separation of heavy metals, (15 samples of soil and five samples of rocks) were distributed in five sections: Al Qayara, Hammam Al-Aalil, Tel kaif, Duhok and Zakho. And by three depths and rock form for each section. The proportion of heavy metals resistant to weathering was calculated (Zircon, Tourmaline, and Rutile ZTR) as a criterion in the determination of the original materials in the soil of the study soil as well as the calculation of the PI and the IRS to measure the degree of degradation and the viability of these soils as an indication of their degree of development and the ability to classify them based on their degree of resistance to weathering operation . The results of weathering in these areas showed a difference in "the degree and ability of these soils in their resistance to weathering operations according to the location and the nature of the original materials. The Zakho soil samples were highly superior to weathering, The remaining areas of the study were in the middle of the degree of weathering as these areas receive the amounts of rainfall up to 1000 mm / year as in the Zakho area, and 250 mm / year as in the Qayara area, as well as topography of these areas, are among the high as in the Zakho and low in the Qayara area.
{"title":"Determination of Homogeneity of Parent Material and the Development of Soils at Selected Areas in Northern Iraq Using Weathering Resistant Minerals","authors":"Muhamad Aljoboury","doi":"10.33899/earth.2018.159263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2018.159263","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out using mineral analysis data from XRD and the bromoform solution for separation of heavy metals, (15 samples of soil and five samples of rocks) were distributed in five sections: Al Qayara, Hammam Al-Aalil, Tel kaif, Duhok and Zakho. And by three depths and rock form for each section. The proportion of heavy metals resistant to weathering was calculated (Zircon, Tourmaline, and Rutile ZTR) as a criterion in the determination of the original materials in the soil of the study soil as well as the calculation of the PI and the IRS to measure the degree of degradation and the viability of these soils as an indication of their degree of development and the ability to classify them based on their degree of resistance to weathering operation . The results of weathering in these areas showed a difference in \"the degree and ability of these soils in their resistance to weathering operations according to the location and the nature of the original materials. The Zakho soil samples were highly superior to weathering, The remaining areas of the study were in the middle of the degree of weathering as these areas receive the amounts of rainfall up to 1000 mm / year as in the Zakho area, and 250 mm / year as in the Qayara area, as well as topography of these areas, are among the high as in the Zakho and low in the Qayara area.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115818446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-28DOI: 10.33899/earth.2018.159256
S. Al-Naqib, Hekmet S. Al-Daghstani, Ahmed M. Al-Taie
{"title":"Neotectonic Evidences in Guwair-Humaira Area SE Mosul-Iraq","authors":"S. Al-Naqib, Hekmet S. Al-Daghstani, Ahmed M. Al-Taie","doi":"10.33899/earth.2018.159256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2018.159256","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"143-147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130652820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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