Pub Date : 2012-04-28DOI: 10.33899/earth.2012.36272
Rafid A. AL Mohammed, Mazin A. AL Shaoosh, Kayis M. AL Bayati
The study of the lithoogical columns in 20 oil wells selected from many southern Iraq oil fields proved that these two movements (Second Austrian Alpine and Laramide) affect the diversity, as well as the vertical and lateral sediments distribution in the studied area. Two models were observed for the effect of Episode 2 in the sediments understudy. The first one is direct represented by the lateral and vertical thickness variation. Whereas the second is indirect represented by the changes in sea level and accommodation space, these two factors have great effect on sediments diversity. The intensity of the second Austrian Alpine is greater that of Larimidian movement causing the heterogeneity in the lateral and vertical thickness of Ahmadi, Rumaila and Mishrif formation, and the relative homogeneity in the thickness of Upper Tanuma, Saadi, Hartha, Shiranish, and Tayarat Formations. The sediments of the Second Austrian Movement characterized by their shallowing upward facies except Rumaila Formation which exhibits sub basinal facies due to the relative sea level changes. Furthermore, the Laramidian sediments characterized by deepening upward facies represented by Upper Saadi and Shiranish formations. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ةمدقملا ةػػيبرعلا ةػػفاحلا دػعت ةػػمماخلا ةػػميملا ةػػيراقلا تاػفاحلا فػػم اػػيملاع طفنػػلا ةػػصاخ تاورػػث فػػم ومػػضت اػػمل زاػػػػػػػغلاو . ػػػػػػػمو فيػػػػػػػب ف ةػػػػػػػميملا ةػػػػػػػيجولويجلا روػػػػػػػصعلا تابػػػػػػػسرت يػػػػػػػى اػػػػػػػييف تابػػػػػػػسرت يريػػػػػػػشابطلا رػػػػػػػصعلا ، عزوتت قطنا ةثلاث فمض ؿفسلأا يريشابطلا تايبوسر ة تمكشت ؾػمت يف تمصح يتلا ةيضرلأا تاكرحلا ؿعفب ةرػتفلا فورػخرو يتاػيبلأ( ، 3121 ) ، ثػحبلا زػكر يلاػحلا ىػمع تاػعباتت ؿاػمكل ىػمعلأا يريػشابطلا فػع ةروػص ػى ةػميملا ةرػتفلا هذ ، راػيتخا ؿلاػخ فػم ؾػلذو ( 31 ) يػى ا رػئب (Gn-1, Dn-1, Ak-1, Ks-1, Wk-1, UmQ-1, R-5, Rt-3, Rt-4, NNU-1, NNU-3, WQ-13, WQ-115, Mj-3,Mj-4, Snd-1, Rf-1, Am-2, Hf-1, Noor-1 ) ةػعزوم طػسو يػف ؽا رػعلا ػبونجو و ( لا ؿكػش 2 ) ، تاػمومعملا عػمج ـػت ثػيح طلاو ةيبوػسرلا ةرػتفلا ؾػمت يػف ةػينوتكتلا ثداوػحمل حرػتقملا ويرانيػسلاب اػيطبرو ةػيقاب (Numan,1997; 2000) ، عػػػيزوت ةػػػيكيناكيمل ةمماػػػش و ةحػػػضاو ةػػػفرعم ىػػػلإ ؿوػػػصومل ؾػػػلذو ريثأػػػت ىػػػمع ؼرػػػعتلاو بػػػساورلا تا ػػػكرحلا تا ةينوتكتلا .بيسرتلا ضوح ةيفا رغوزيف ىمع نلا جاػػػػػػػػتن ل ةفػػػػػػػػسمفك يراخػػػػػػػػصلا طبرػػػػػػػػلا بومػػػػػػػػسأ دػػػػػػػػمتعا ؽطاػػػػػػػػنم يػػػػػػػػف ةيػػػػػػػػضاملا تاونػػػػػػػػسمل يػػػػػػػػطف ؽا رػػػػعلا بوػػػػنج ىػػػػمع دنتػػػػسا يذػػػػلاو ةيراخػػػػصلا تاػػػػقبطلا فػػػػم جاػػػػتنلا ةػػػػمثامتملا ؿاػػػػمىا عػػػػم ػػػػغتلا رود ا تا ري ت راػكفأ ترػيظ اػيلاح ،ةػيبناجلا ةينحػسلا تػنب ـوػيفم تاػعباتتلا ةػيقابط (Sequence Stratigraphy) ل ؿػح يػػػػػػػػػػػػطفنلا جاػػػػػػػػػػػػتنلا ؿكاػػػػػػػػػػػػشم لاو يػػػػػػػػػػػػت ت ا طبرػػػػػػػػػػػػلا بومػػػػػػػػػػػػسأ دػػػػػػػػػػػػمتع ػػػػػػػػػػػػشنمل يأ يػػػػػػػػػػػػئيبلا زـرػػػػػػػػ
{"title":"Tectonostratigraphy For Upper Cretaceous Southern Iraq","authors":"Rafid A. AL Mohammed, Mazin A. AL Shaoosh, Kayis M. AL Bayati","doi":"10.33899/earth.2012.36272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2012.36272","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the lithoogical columns in 20 oil wells selected from many southern Iraq oil fields proved that these two movements (Second Austrian Alpine and Laramide) affect the diversity, as well as the vertical and lateral sediments distribution in the studied area. Two models were observed for the effect of Episode 2 in the sediments understudy. The first one is direct represented by the lateral and vertical thickness variation. Whereas the second is indirect represented by the changes in sea level and accommodation space, these two factors have great effect on sediments diversity. The intensity of the second Austrian Alpine is greater that of Larimidian movement causing the heterogeneity in the lateral and vertical thickness of Ahmadi, Rumaila and Mishrif formation, and the relative homogeneity in the thickness of Upper Tanuma, Saadi, Hartha, Shiranish, and Tayarat Formations. The sediments of the Second Austrian Movement characterized by their shallowing upward facies except Rumaila Formation which exhibits sub basinal facies due to the relative sea level changes. Furthermore, the Laramidian sediments characterized by deepening upward facies represented by Upper Saadi and Shiranish formations. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ةمدقملا ةػػيبرعلا ةػػفاحلا دػعت ةػػمماخلا ةػػميملا ةػػيراقلا تاػفاحلا فػػم اػػيملاع طفنػػلا ةػػصاخ تاورػػث فػػم ومػػضت اػػمل زاػػػػػػػغلاو . ػػػػػػػمو فيػػػػػػػب ف ةػػػػػػػميملا ةػػػػػػػيجولويجلا روػػػػػػػصعلا تابػػػػػػػسرت يػػػػػػػى اػػػػػػػييف تابػػػػػػػسرت يريػػػػػػػشابطلا رػػػػػػػصعلا ، عزوتت قطنا ةثلاث فمض ؿفسلأا يريشابطلا تايبوسر ة تمكشت ؾػمت يف تمصح يتلا ةيضرلأا تاكرحلا ؿعفب ةرػتفلا فورػخرو يتاػيبلأ( ، 3121 ) ، ثػحبلا زػكر يلاػحلا ىػمع تاػعباتت ؿاػمكل ىػمعلأا يريػشابطلا فػع ةروػص ػى ةػميملا ةرػتفلا هذ ، راػيتخا ؿلاػخ فػم ؾػلذو ( 31 ) يػى ا رػئب (Gn-1, Dn-1, Ak-1, Ks-1, Wk-1, UmQ-1, R-5, Rt-3, Rt-4, NNU-1, NNU-3, WQ-13, WQ-115, Mj-3,Mj-4, Snd-1, Rf-1, Am-2, Hf-1, Noor-1 ) ةػعزوم طػسو يػف ؽا رػعلا ػبونجو و ( لا ؿكػش 2 ) ، تاػمومعملا عػمج ـػت ثػيح طلاو ةيبوػسرلا ةرػتفلا ؾػمت يػف ةػينوتكتلا ثداوػحمل حرػتقملا ويرانيػسلاب اػيطبرو ةػيقاب (Numan,1997; 2000) ، عػػػيزوت ةػػػيكيناكيمل ةمماػػػش و ةحػػػضاو ةػػػفرعم ىػػػلإ ؿوػػػصومل ؾػػػلذو ريثأػػػت ىػػػمع ؼرػػػعتلاو بػػػساورلا تا ػػػكرحلا تا ةينوتكتلا .بيسرتلا ضوح ةيفا رغوزيف ىمع نلا جاػػػػػػػػتن ل ةفػػػػػػػػسمفك يراخػػػػػػػػصلا طبرػػػػػػػػلا بومػػػػػػػػسأ دػػػػػػػػمتعا ؽطاػػػػػػػػنم يػػػػػػػػف ةيػػػػػػػػضاملا تاونػػػػػػػػسمل يػػػػػػػػطف ؽا رػػػػعلا بوػػػػنج ىػػػػمع دنتػػػػسا يذػػػػلاو ةيراخػػػػصلا تاػػػػقبطلا فػػػػم جاػػػػتنلا ةػػػػمثامتملا ؿاػػػػمىا عػػػػم ػػػػغتلا رود ا تا ري ت راػكفأ ترػيظ اػيلاح ،ةػيبناجلا ةينحػسلا تػنب ـوػيفم تاػعباتتلا ةػيقابط (Sequence Stratigraphy) ل ؿػح يػػػػػػػػػػػػطفنلا جاػػػػػػػػػػػػتنلا ؿكاػػػػػػػػػػػػشم لاو يػػػػػػػػػػػػت ت ا طبرػػػػػػػػػػػػلا بومػػػػػػػػػػػػسأ دػػػػػػػػػػػػمتع ػػػػػػػػػػػػشنمل يأ يػػػػػػػػػػػػئيبلا زـرػػػػػػػػ","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123008115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-28DOI: 10.33899/earth.2012.36135
Allan J. Hall, Hiyam A. Mohammad
This study describes and discusses the feasibility of the development of an inexpensive filterphotocell system suitable for quantitative colour measurement of ore minerals under the reflected-light microscope. In this study, reflectance measurements of eight minerals were obtained using broad band coloured filters with spectral transmissions approximating to those theoretically required. Using this method, only three measurements of the intensity of reflectance for each mineral and the standard (SiC) were taken using red, green and blue (RGB) filters. Colour values obtained in this study are compared with IMA/COM reference values and are satisfactory to within ±1%. Also, the obtained colour values revealed that it might be possible to apply this simple, rapid and direct method in studies where low-cost instrumentation is required, especially in the teaching of ore mineral identification and quantitative colour theory. It is worth mentioning that although the results of this study are promising, conventional spectral reflectance measurements (380740 nm) will remain the best recommended method for obtaining the most accurate colour values.
{"title":"Measurement of Quantitative Colour Values of Ore Minerals Using a Filter-Photocell Method","authors":"Allan J. Hall, Hiyam A. Mohammad","doi":"10.33899/earth.2012.36135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2012.36135","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes and discusses the feasibility of the development of an inexpensive filterphotocell system suitable for quantitative colour measurement of ore minerals under the reflected-light microscope. In this study, reflectance measurements of eight minerals were obtained using broad band coloured filters with spectral transmissions approximating to those theoretically required. Using this method, only three measurements of the intensity of reflectance for each mineral and the standard (SiC) were taken using red, green and blue (RGB) filters. Colour values obtained in this study are compared with IMA/COM reference values and are satisfactory to within ±1%. Also, the obtained colour values revealed that it might be possible to apply this simple, rapid and direct method in studies where low-cost instrumentation is required, especially in the teaching of ore mineral identification and quantitative colour theory. It is worth mentioning that although the results of this study are promising, conventional spectral reflectance measurements (380740 nm) will remain the best recommended method for obtaining the most accurate colour values.","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"67 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114133693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-28DOI: 10.33899/earth.2012.36274
Aiman T. AL-Sayegh, Namik A. Daood
{"title":"Study of the Spectral Behavior of the Eastern Part of Sinjar Mountion in Mulit-Bands of Sinjar Mountain in Multi- Bands","authors":"Aiman T. AL-Sayegh, Namik A. Daood","doi":"10.33899/earth.2012.36274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2012.36274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134238456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-28DOI: 10.33899/earth.2012.36055
Omar Ahmed Al-Badrani
Fifteen samples from the lower part of Shiranish Formation, Sinjar anticline, northwest Iraq, are investigated in order to identify calcareous nannofossils species of which twelve species are recorded as follow; one species of holococcoliths, seven are heterococcoliths and four are nannolith. On the basis of the above assemblages two biozones are proposed from oldest (at bottom) to youngest (at top): 2Tranolithus phacelosus Interval Zone(Part) (CC23) 1Lithraphidites praequadratus Partial Zone(Part) (CC22) The above biozones are correlated with other calcareous nannofossils biozones from regional view led to conclude that the section is late Campanian in age. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــ لا ةيقابطلا ةيسمكلا ونانلا تا رجحتمل ةيتايح ل ءزجم يمفسلا نم شنا رش نيوكت ، راجنس ةيط قا رعلا برغ لامش ،ةبدحملا ع رم ينا ردبلا دمحا مومع مسق ضرلأا مومعلا ةيمك لصوملا ةعماج صخمملا مح تسارد جرومو رشع تسمخ ل ءزجل يلفسلا شوارش هيوكح هم .قارعلا برغ لامش ،راجىس تيط ، صيخشخل وواىلا ثارجحخم هم عوورشع اىثا تيسلكلا جلجس يخلاو ؛يلي امك دحاو عون ( ثيلوكوكولوه ) ةعبسو عاونأ ( كوكورتيه ثيلو ) و ةعبرأ عاونأ ( ثيلونان ) تا رجحتملا عيماجم ىمع دامتعلاابو ، هلاعأ نيقاطن حا رتقا مت ىلا مدقلاا نم امهو نييتايح ثدحلأا : Omar Ahmed Al-Badrani 2 2Tranolithus phacelosus Interval Zone(Part) (CC23) 1Lithraphidites praequadratus Partial Zone(Part) (CC22) قاطىلا ةاٌاضم مح عم يلاعا هي ًقطوا ايميلقا تيسلكلا وواىلا ثارجحخم عطقملا رمع ناب هيبح ثيح نايوابماكلا وٌ سورذملا رخأخملا . ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــ INTRODUCTION The Shiranish Formation was first described by (Henson, 1940 in Bellen et al., 1959) from the High Folded Zone of North of Iraq, near the village of Shiranish Islam, Northeast of Zakho. It is belongs to the most widespread units of the Upper CampanianMaastrichtian cycle in North Iraq. The studied section exposed at the core of Sinjar anticline, northwest Iraq, which belongs to the Foothill Zone of the Unstable Shelf of the Nubio-Arabian platform (Buday and Jassim, 1987). The present study deals with the exposed stratigraphic successions (15 samples of Shiranish Formation), limited between 36o22'45'' N, 41o41'25'' E and 36o22'54N, 41o41'11'' (Fig.1), consists of well beded blue marly limestone with two bed of conglomerate beds (10-15 cm.) in the upper part of studied section. Systematic Paleontology The describtion of calcareous nannofossils species based on Young and Bown (1997) as follows :
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Pub Date : 2012-04-28DOI: 10.33899/earth.2012.36267
Yousif Francis Eclimes, Marwan Mutib
{"title":"Fracture Anisotropy Characterization and Lateral Effects from Azimuthal Resitivity Survey in Alqosh Plain- North Iraq","authors":"Yousif Francis Eclimes, Marwan Mutib","doi":"10.33899/earth.2012.36267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2012.36267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115368307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-28DOI: 10.33899/earth.2012.36263
Rana A. M. Mohammad, Abdul-Aziz M. Al-Hamdani
Petrographical, petrophysical and facies studies of seven surface and subsurface locations of Fat'ha Formation from Mosul area and Kirkuk oil field, reveal that the diagensis played an important role in the evolution of the nodular sulfate as petroleum cap rocks; and this role increases with an increase of diagenetic growth and compaction. The occasional presences of bitumen inclusions within both, nodules and the host material of some sulfate bed bases is thought to be formed due to early leakage of the hydrocarbon through the host material. This leakage was gradually diminished and finally stopped due to the growth and the packing of the sulfate nodules and the disappearance of the most of the host material. ـــ ــ ــ ـــ ــ ـــ ـــ ــ ـــ ـــ ــ ـــ ــ ـــ ـــ ــ ـــ ـــ ــ ـــ ــ ـ ةمدقملا بس تريتخ ةجذمن تاطةم ،ةيرخص طاقم تسيلو ، ةيلاةلا ةسا ردلا تابمطتم ذيفنتل قاوب للذو ، بر ةيةط س ت ةت تا طةم ثلا مو ةيةط س تا طةم تر صتقا د قو . ةيةط سلا تا طةملا برلأا لا قم( )نايدوو ةنيدم ا رط ىمع لصوملا ، لتلاو لى يكمت ( ٔٓ نيع تا ) و ا يانطاب ( ٙ نيع تا ) ، نا يرخلُأاو ة ييى ى مع بر ضم ى مع ة يدومع ة يدوا ا ميىا ر بإ خي الا ة يطل لبو نجلا ر طل ، و ا مى : دور كم يداو ( ٔٚ )ة نيع يداوو ة يرق ميىا ر بإ خي الا ( ٛ )ة نيع ا م . ثلام لا ةيةط سلا ت ةت قاوملا ( ٕٓ )ةنيع ناعقي اينم نانما نات ، لو كرك ل قة ل ت ، زا بخ ل قة ل ت ث لاملا قي ني ة ل ت ( لا لك ا ٔ ) . و وكي ن ديتج ُ يزوت ن هذى قاوملا ًاعيزوت لاممم لأ زج نم ةنيابتم ءا لا ضوة . ءا طغلا روخ ص ر عتُ (Cap rocks) ق سلا روخ صب (Roof rocks) ( ط ياةلا روخ ص و Wall rocks ءافكو ة يطفنلا ديا صملا ةرو ص ن ور عملا ن مو .) ة سباة ة يياطغ روخ ص دو جوب لاإ ل متكت لا ا يت (Seal) ،و يمعو .ليا طغلا زجا ةلا رود ءاد ةذا فن ر يغ ةرخ ص ة ي نا كمةب نا اً تورعم تا ب ،اً يلاةو .ة مكةمُ تةب ص ة يذافنمل ايناد قت بب سبو ا ينكل ،نيمويتبلا ب ةعب ام نو كت د قو ةيما سم نوكت دق ةسباةلا روخصلا نات اقملابو .ة يياطغ اً روخ ص ،ل ب ت ا ن لا فطلا (Shale) ا ينةت ا يتابيبة ة قد بب سبو ا ينإ لاإ ،ةيما سم ا ينوك م غرو ةيرعا ىوق لمتمت (Capillary) ،ةيرعالا ةيصاخلا ةيلآب ايللاخ نم ياوملا بايسنا نود لوةت ةيلاع ةيبذج د ك ي ،ل لذ مو .ةعيا الا ة يياطغلا روخ صلا ن م للذ ب د عتت (Selley, 2005) يمةا بلا ن م هر يغو اذ ى ل ت ن .ةءا فك ى معلأاو ة يلاعت ر مكلأا ة يياطغلا روخ صلا د عتُ ،ا ىريغو روخ صلا هذ يب ة نراقم ،تا ر خبتملا ا ن لا جملا . ورعملا لندعملا ايسناجت ىلا اينم بناج لت للذ دوعي دقو ربك ريوطت لت ةيريوةتلا تايممعلا رود ةيدقعلا ةةتت نيوكت تاتي ............ 06 لكالا ٔ ةيجولويجلا قا رعلا ةطراخ : تخملا طاقملا قاوم اييمع اًةضوم ةرا حسممل ةماعلا ةأانملا نع( ،نيدعتلاو لجولويجلا ٕٓٓٓ ) ام . ءزجلا زابخو لوكرك لمقةب صاخلا ربكملا ونات ةيوج ةروصب لممم نع( Google, 2008 ) . لنادمةلا دومةم زيزعلادبع و للاادبع انر و دمةم دومةم 06 ُي ما متىلاا ىز ع لجو لويجلا ب ر يبكلا ا تاب سرتل مو سبجلا و ةي تيا ردياينلاا ة يدقعلا ة ذ يل ا م ى لإ عو نلا ا ن م تا تيربكلا ن م و عوي ا ى م ةر يبك ة ي لاج سلا ل ت ت و تا سا ردلا ة يقبطلا ، ة يج ن م رودو ل مكةت م ساة د ييقت ل ت تانوبراكورد ييلا ة كرة تو و ا يترجى تا را سم د يدة ا ينيطوت ضاوم ل ت ىر خ نود ا ينيعب .ىر خا ة يج ن م ، و ًا رظن د
Petrographical, petrophysical facies studies of七地面和subsurface locations of Fat 'ha编队从摩苏尔和基尔库克地区oil field,揭露那境diagensis在一个重要角色进化硫酸结节状之美国石油cap岩;这一角色的增加伴随着日益增长的遗传增长和紧缩。The occasional presences inclusions沥青内心之都,nodules主机材料》和一些硫酸床基地?是想成为formed帐款到早期leakage碳氢化合物通过主人之材料。这leakage是gradually减弱终于停止到期增长》和《硫酸打包nodules disappearance》和大多数主机之材料。ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــةمدقملابستريتخةجذمنتاطةم،ةيرخصطاقمتسيلو،ةيلاةلاةساردلاتابمطتمذيفنتلقاوبللذو،برةيةطستةتتاطةمثلاموةيةطستاطةمترصتقادقو。ةيةطسلاتاطةملابرلأالاقم()نايدووةنيدمارطىمعلصوملا،لتلاولىيكمت(ٔٓنيعتا)وايانطاب(ٙنيعتا)،نايرخلُأاوةييىىمعبرضمىمعةيدومعةيدوااميىاربإخيالاةيطللبونجلارطل،وامى:دوركميداو(ٔٚ)ةنيعيداووةيرقميىاربإخيال(ٛ)ةانيعام。ثلاملاةيةطسلاتةتقاوملا(ٕٓ)ةنيعناعقياينمنانمانات،لوكركلقةلت،زابخلقةلتثلاملاقينيةلت(لالكأ)。ووكينديتجُيزوتنهذىقاوملاًاعيزوتلاممملأزجنمةنيابتمءالاضوة。ءاطغلاروخصرعتُ(Cap)岩石قسلاروخصب屋顶岩)(طياةلاروخصو长城岩ءافكوةيطفنلادياصملاةروصنورعملانموة)。سباةةيياطغروخصدوجوبلاإلمتكتلاايت(海豹)،ويمعو。لياطغلازجاةلارودءادةذافنريغةرخصةيناكمةبنااًتورعمتاب،اًيلاة。وةمكةمُتةبصةيذافنملاينادقتببسبواينكل،نيمويتبلابةعبامنوكتدقوةيماسمنوكتدقةسباةلاروخصلاناتاقملابوة。يياطغاًروخص،لبتانلافطلا)页岩(اينةتايتابيبةةقدببسبواينإلاإ،ةيماسماينوكمغروةيرعاىوقلمتمت(Capillary)،ةيرعالاةيصاخلاةيلآبايللاخنمياوملابايسنانودلوةتةيلاعةيبذجدكي،للذمو。ةعياالاةيياطغلاروخصلانمللذبدعتيت(Selley, 2005)مةابلانمهريغواذىلتنة。ءافكىمعلأاوةيلاعترمكلأاةيياطغلاروخصلادعتُ،اىريغوروخصلاهذيبةنراقم،تارخبتملاانلاجملا。ورعملالندعملاايسناجتىلااينمبناجلتللذدوعيدقوربكريوطتلتةيريوةتلاتايممعلارودةيدقعلاةةتتنيوكتتاتي ............06لكالأةيجولويجلاقارعلاةطراخ:تخملاطاقملاقاوماييمعاًةضومةراحسمملةماعلاةأانملانع(،نيدعتلاولجولويجلإٓٓٓ)ام。ءزجلازابخولوكركلمقةبصاخلاربكملاوناتةيوجةروصبلمممنع(谷歌,2008)。لنادمةلادومةمزيزعلادبعوللاادبعانرودمةمدومةم06ُيمامتىلااىزعلجولويجلابريبكلااتابسرتلموسبجلاوةيتياردياينلااةيدقعلاةذيلامىلإعونلاانمتاتيربكلانموعوياىمةريبكةيلاجسلالتتوتاساردلاةيقبطلا،ةيجنمرودولمكةتمساةدييقتلتتانوبراكوردييلاةكرةتووايترجىتاراسمديدةاينيطوتضاوملتىرخنوداينيعب。ىرخاةيجنم،وًارظندسّجتلرودلااذىاتوّممومبيربكتتالتةةتتنيوكتتاعباتتلوقةقطنمةطسولااقرالايطفنلاة。ناتةساردلاهذىديت،صيخاتربّعوةيدقعلاانصلأاتاتيربكلاهذيلةفلملا،ىلإتايلاىمعءوضلاطيمستومندقعلاةيتاتيربكلاايتجسنروطتةعيبطوىلالاوصو،صيخاتروديريوةتلاومنلااذىديدةتلتافكةءًءاوس،روخصلاهذىلتويجوتةرجىتانوباكوردييلاملتتومةينمكملاايتاعض。دعتوةساردلاهذىاًءزجًلاتسمانمةةورطةيبوسرلامالتةةتتنيوكتةيتارغورتبوةيرخصلتةمماال،لمعدمةم(قارعلإٜٓٓ。)صئاصخلادقعةيتاتيربكلاتاقبطلاوةيلاةلاةساردلاتْأترانوكينةةتتنيوكتتاتيربكينصتايمقةوماظنلاًعبتس霍利迪(,1971年版)ْاسلكاب(لالكإ)لاإ。ترايناةنراقمان:لماظنمماظنلااذىتافنص1969م(Maiklem et al .,(梅耶و),2005)يريجملاتاةناعتسلااواًنايةاميبدعتءاقلإلتةيرورضبناوجلاىمعءوضلانمديزملاةيتاخلاتافنصملت(霍利迪,1971)لااقمعتدنعاميسلا،رمة。يتارغورتبلاصياصخلابنيوكتتارخبتمةيبلاغلأتتمةيدقعلاتاتيربكلانمةةتتضعبةيمتكلاوةتمصملا(海量石膏)وةيفيملاتاتيربكلانمليمقلاSatin-Spar)برعيامو(Fibrous石膏)(ةيةيافصلاوSelenite)ينصتلاعبتو(霍利迪,1971年)دمتعملا،ناتةيدقعلاتاتيربكلاةتمصملاوةداعنوكتةييىىمعةيركسُةعصانءاضيبةمتكتملاىمعمغراينومتنمًاعبتو،اًنايةناولأب،بياوال
{"title":"Role of The Diagensis in Evolution of Fat'ha Formation as Petroleum Cap Rocks","authors":"Rana A. M. Mohammad, Abdul-Aziz M. Al-Hamdani","doi":"10.33899/earth.2012.36263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2012.36263","url":null,"abstract":"Petrographical, petrophysical and facies studies of seven surface and subsurface locations of Fat'ha Formation from Mosul area and Kirkuk oil field, reveal that the diagensis played an important role in the evolution of the nodular sulfate as petroleum cap rocks; and this role increases with an increase of diagenetic growth and compaction. The occasional presences of bitumen inclusions within both, nodules and the host material of some sulfate bed bases is thought to be formed due to early leakage of the hydrocarbon through the host material. This leakage was gradually diminished and finally stopped due to the growth and the packing of the sulfate nodules and the disappearance of the most of the host material. ـــ ــ ــ ـــ ــ ـــ ـــ ــ ـــ ـــ ــ ـــ ــ ـــ ـــ ــ ـــ ـــ ــ ـــ ــ ـ ةمدقملا بس تريتخ ةجذمن تاطةم ،ةيرخص طاقم تسيلو ، ةيلاةلا ةسا ردلا تابمطتم ذيفنتل قاوب للذو ، بر ةيةط س ت ةت تا طةم ثلا مو ةيةط س تا طةم تر صتقا د قو . ةيةط سلا تا طةملا برلأا لا قم( )نايدوو ةنيدم ا رط ىمع لصوملا ، لتلاو لى يكمت ( ٔٓ نيع تا ) و ا يانطاب ( ٙ نيع تا ) ، نا يرخلُأاو ة ييى ى مع بر ضم ى مع ة يدومع ة يدوا ا ميىا ر بإ خي الا ة يطل لبو نجلا ر طل ، و ا مى : دور كم يداو ( ٔٚ )ة نيع يداوو ة يرق ميىا ر بإ خي الا ( ٛ )ة نيع ا م . ثلام لا ةيةط سلا ت ةت قاوملا ( ٕٓ )ةنيع ناعقي اينم نانما نات ، لو كرك ل قة ل ت ، زا بخ ل قة ل ت ث لاملا قي ني ة ل ت ( لا لك ا ٔ ) . و وكي ن ديتج ُ يزوت ن هذى قاوملا ًاعيزوت لاممم لأ زج نم ةنيابتم ءا لا ضوة . ءا طغلا روخ ص ر عتُ (Cap rocks) ق سلا روخ صب (Roof rocks) ( ط ياةلا روخ ص و Wall rocks ءافكو ة يطفنلا ديا صملا ةرو ص ن ور عملا ن مو .) ة سباة ة يياطغ روخ ص دو جوب لاإ ل متكت لا ا يت (Seal) ،و يمعو .ليا طغلا زجا ةلا رود ءاد ةذا فن ر يغ ةرخ ص ة ي نا كمةب نا اً تورعم تا ب ،اً يلاةو .ة مكةمُ تةب ص ة يذافنمل ايناد قت بب سبو ا ينكل ،نيمويتبلا ب ةعب ام نو كت د قو ةيما سم نوكت دق ةسباةلا روخصلا نات اقملابو .ة يياطغ اً روخ ص ،ل ب ت ا ن لا فطلا (Shale) ا ينةت ا يتابيبة ة قد بب سبو ا ينإ لاإ ،ةيما سم ا ينوك م غرو ةيرعا ىوق لمتمت (Capillary) ،ةيرعالا ةيصاخلا ةيلآب ايللاخ نم ياوملا بايسنا نود لوةت ةيلاع ةيبذج د ك ي ،ل لذ مو .ةعيا الا ة يياطغلا روخ صلا ن م للذ ب د عتت (Selley, 2005) يمةا بلا ن م هر يغو اذ ى ل ت ن .ةءا فك ى معلأاو ة يلاعت ر مكلأا ة يياطغلا روخ صلا د عتُ ،ا ىريغو روخ صلا هذ يب ة نراقم ،تا ر خبتملا ا ن لا جملا . ورعملا لندعملا ايسناجت ىلا اينم بناج لت للذ دوعي دقو ربك ريوطت لت ةيريوةتلا تايممعلا رود ةيدقعلا ةةتت نيوكت تاتي ............ 06 لكالا ٔ ةيجولويجلا قا رعلا ةطراخ : تخملا طاقملا قاوم اييمع اًةضوم ةرا حسممل ةماعلا ةأانملا نع( ،نيدعتلاو لجولويجلا ٕٓٓٓ ) ام . ءزجلا زابخو لوكرك لمقةب صاخلا ربكملا ونات ةيوج ةروصب لممم نع( Google, 2008 ) . لنادمةلا دومةم زيزعلادبع و للاادبع انر و دمةم دومةم 06 ُي ما متىلاا ىز ع لجو لويجلا ب ر يبكلا ا تاب سرتل مو سبجلا و ةي تيا ردياينلاا ة يدقعلا ة ذ يل ا م ى لإ عو نلا ا ن م تا تيربكلا ن م و عوي ا ى م ةر يبك ة ي لاج سلا ل ت ت و تا سا ردلا ة يقبطلا ، ة يج ن م رودو ل مكةت م ساة د ييقت ل ت تانوبراكورد ييلا ة كرة تو و ا يترجى تا را سم د يدة ا ينيطوت ضاوم ل ت ىر خ نود ا ينيعب .ىر خا ة يج ن م ، و ًا رظن د","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"33 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120979554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-28DOI: 10.33899/earth.2012.36078
N. H. Al-Saigh
{"title":"Seismicity of Mosul Dam Reservoir for the Monitoring Year 1990","authors":"N. H. Al-Saigh","doi":"10.33899/earth.2012.36078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2012.36078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126511667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-28DOI: 10.33899/earth.2011.5554
Imad M. Ghafor, Qahtan A. Mohammad
{"title":"Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) kirkukensis n. sp., a new Larger Foraminifera from the Late Oligocene of Kirkuk Area,Northern Iraq","authors":"Imad M. Ghafor, Qahtan A. Mohammad","doi":"10.33899/earth.2011.5554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33899/earth.2011.5554","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":371191,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124086238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-28DOI: 10.33899/earth.2011.5549
Haider H. Faraj, Emad H. Al-Khersan, S. Z. Khorshid
ABSTRACT Ninety eight oriented hand samples were collected from five sites represent calcareous outcrop of Euphrates Formation. These sites were chosen as a completed recovery for a region located at Kufa Quarry-Bahar Al-Najaf area / Middle of Iraq, in order to perform a geophysical study aimed to measure some of the geotechnical and physical properties for these rocks using New Sonicviewer instrument. Moreover, isotropy and seismic impedance were also determined. Longitudinal and Transverse seismic wave velocities had been measured for all samples. The average value for longitudinal velocities is 4294 m/sec and for the transverse velocities is 1870 m/sec. High consolidated limestone, dolomitized limestone and dolomite rock samples show highest longitudinal and transverse seismic velocity values, however, marl rock samples reflect the lowest values. Seismic velocities were measured in three directions;( bed strike, true dip and vertical on bedding plane). Therefore, isotropic factors were determined. It shows the existing of anisotropy between the different types of the considerable rocks of the area.. Finally, Vp, Vs, geotechnical and physical properties were measured for 17 saturated rock samples belong to site four. The results were compared with that of dry samples tests; however, saturated samples give clear decline in their values related to velocity and most of the remaining properties. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــ ـــــــ
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