Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.nit183
A. Lightstone, R. Mcintyre
Avalanche photodiodes can count photons either above the breakdown voltage or, with sensitive amplifiers, below the breakdown voltage. Detection efficiency, dark count and afterpulsing are discussed for the PCS application.
{"title":"Photon Counting Silicon Avalanche Photodiodes for Photon Correlation Spectroscopy","authors":"A. Lightstone, R. Mcintyre","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.nit183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.nit183","url":null,"abstract":"Avalanche photodiodes can count photons either above the breakdown voltage or, with sensitive amplifiers, below the breakdown voltage. Detection efficiency, dark count and afterpulsing are discussed for the PCS application.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128256568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.efd109
A. E. Smart, J. Abbiss
This paper discusses a laser anemometer based on projected light sheets and using a sequence of non-linear discrimination stages in both optics and electronics. Innovative digital correlation techniques yield significantly more accurate transit time measurements than can be obtained from equivalent fringe or two-spot systems. Enhancements of signal processing based upon a priori knowledge of the optical sheet definition and the measurement environment result in up to an order of magnitude increase in accuracy.
{"title":"Discrimination Techniques for a Highly Accurate Laser-Sheet Anemometer","authors":"A. E. Smart, J. Abbiss","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.efd109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.efd109","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a laser anemometer based on projected light sheets and using a sequence of non-linear discrimination stages in both optics and electronics. Innovative digital correlation techniques yield significantly more accurate transit time measurements than can be obtained from equivalent fringe or two-spot systems. Enhancements of signal processing based upon a priori knowledge of the optical sheet definition and the measurement environment result in up to an order of magnitude increase in accuracy.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117098690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs153
R. Carr, A. Stansfield, J. Rarity, R. G. Brown, D. Clarke, T. Atkinson
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy has been applied to the routine monitoring of proteins eluting off liquid chromatographic separation systems. The technique has been configured as an on-line, in situ detector capable of remote analyses using fibre optic technology. Analyses of flowing protein samples has been demonstrated and its use in process biochemistry as a quality assurance monitor is discussed.
{"title":"On-Line Liquid Chromatography Detection by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy","authors":"R. Carr, A. Stansfield, J. Rarity, R. G. Brown, D. Clarke, T. Atkinson","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs153","url":null,"abstract":"Photon Correlation Spectroscopy has been applied to the routine monitoring of proteins eluting off liquid chromatographic separation systems. The technique has been configured as an on-line, in situ detector capable of remote analyses using fibre optic technology. Analyses of flowing protein samples has been demonstrated and its use in process biochemistry as a quality assurance monitor is discussed.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130430271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp207
I. Grant, G.H. Smith
The last decade has seeen the evolution of particle image velocimetry, often refered to as speckle velocimetry, as a new and powerful technique for obtaining simultaneous measurements of the two in-plane components of fluid velocity at all points on a two-dimensional illuminated "sheet". The sheet is produced by passing the output from a pulsed (or chopped CW) laser through a combination of spherical and cylindrical lenses. The sheet is viewed along a normal so that a sequence of stroboscopic images are obtained of the developing flow. These are recorded either on photographic plate or by video camera for post-experiment image processing.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Pulsed Laser(\"Speckle\") Velocimetry","authors":"I. Grant, G.H. Smith","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp207","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade has seeen the evolution of particle image velocimetry, often refered to as speckle velocimetry, as a new and powerful technique for obtaining simultaneous measurements of the two in-plane components of fluid velocity at all points on a two-dimensional illuminated \"sheet\". The sheet is produced by passing the output from a pulsed (or chopped CW) laser through a combination of spherical and cylindrical lenses. The sheet is viewed along a normal so that a sequence of stroboscopic images are obtained of the developing flow. These are recorded either on photographic plate or by video camera for post-experiment image processing.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116882365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper describes a technique for the investigation of flows through the inlet ports of internal combustion engines using photon-correlation laser velocimetry and refractive-index matching. The technique is applied to the measurement of the flow through a helical inlet port.
{"title":"Photon Correlation Velocimetry Measurements of Inlet Port Flows","authors":"M. Yianneskis, M. Tindal, R. Cheung","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.efd90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.efd90","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a technique for the investigation of flows through the inlet ports of internal combustion engines using photon-correlation laser velocimetry and refractive-index matching. The technique is applied to the measurement of the flow through a helical inlet port.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121343193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp202
M. Teich
The generation of nonclassical light has recently received a great deal of attention because three forms of it have now been observed in the laboratory: antibunched light, photon-number-squeezed (or sub-Poisson) light, and quadrature-squeezed light. These characteristics may, but need not, accompany each other in any given light source. Nonclassical light has been produced in experiments using resonance fluorescence, the Franck-Hertz effect, parametric interact ions, and semiconductor light sources. It is likely to be useful in providing new insights in various physical and biological processes, and in applications such as lightwave communications. Some of the characteristics, methods of generation, and expected uses of squeezed light will be addressed.
{"title":"Squeezed Light","authors":"M. Teich","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp202","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of nonclassical light has recently received a great deal of attention because three forms of it have now been observed in the laboratory: antibunched light, photon-number-squeezed (or sub-Poisson) light, and quadrature-squeezed light. These characteristics may, but need not, accompany each other in any given light source. Nonclassical light has been produced in experiments using resonance fluorescence, the Franck-Hertz effect, parametric interact ions, and semiconductor light sources. It is likely to be useful in providing new insights in various physical and biological processes, and in applications such as lightwave communications. Some of the characteristics, methods of generation, and expected uses of squeezed light will be addressed.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127906205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.pcmdr2
E. Pike
The photon correlation technique has a special feature relating to the accuracy achieved in typical experiments on the data points. With modern sources and detectors experiments are virtually noiseless except for the discrete photon nature of the light itself. This fact has given rise to a special study of the information content of such data, particularly in the case of photon correlation spectroscopy (or PCS) (1) in which light scattering from diffusing macromolecules produces an exponential photon correlation function if a single species or size of particle is present, and a superposition of exponentials or Laplace transform of a distribution of such radii or sizes. In this case it very quickly became apparent that the "information content" of the photon correlation function, even with very high accuracy in the data points themselves, was very low and that inversion of such data rarely provided more than about three independent data points on the distribution function required. Equivalently only the first three central moments of the distribution could be reasonably recovered.
{"title":"Singular Function Techniques for Photon Correlation Data Reduction","authors":"E. Pike","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.pcmdr2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.pcmdr2","url":null,"abstract":"The photon correlation technique has a special feature relating to the accuracy achieved in typical experiments on the data points. With modern sources and detectors experiments are virtually noiseless except for the discrete photon nature of the light itself. This fact has given rise to a special study of the information content of such data, particularly in the case of photon correlation spectroscopy (or PCS) (1) in which light scattering from diffusing macromolecules produces an exponential photon correlation function if a single species or size of particle is present, and a superposition of exponentials or Laplace transform of a distribution of such radii or sizes. In this case it very quickly became apparent that the \"information content\" of the photon correlation function, even with very high accuracy in the data points themselves, was very low and that inversion of such data rarely provided more than about three independent data points on the distribution function required. Equivalently only the first three central moments of the distribution could be reasonably recovered.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114268131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs163
L. Lading, J. Mann, R. V. Edwards
The photon statistics of light scattered by a surface is investigated. It is shown how the photon correlation function depends on the mode of the light scattering configuration and on the space-time correlation of the surface structure. The uncertainties of the estimated photon correlation are evaluated.
{"title":"Photon Statistics of Light Scattered by a Liquid Gas Interface","authors":"L. Lading, J. Mann, R. V. Edwards","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs163","url":null,"abstract":"The photon statistics of light scattered by a surface is investigated. It is shown how the photon correlation function depends on the mode of the light scattering configuration and on the space-time correlation of the surface structure. The uncertainties of the estimated photon correlation are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"54 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132429232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following a detailed review of practical aspects of photon-correlation laser-Doppler velocimetry, automotive applications are surveyed with emphasis on broad experimental and interpretive concerns common to unsteady flows and confined environments. Such situations typically permit only limited optical access and thereby place a premium on efficient operation with weak (single-photon) signals in the presence of considerable noise. Fast, robust data-acquisition and -reduction techniques that minimize user intervention are described. The survey of automotive applications concentrates on turbulent in-cylinder flow fields and combustion, but briefly includes wind-tunnel and soot-sizing measurements.
{"title":"Photon-Correlation Laser Velocimetry in Reciprocating-Engine Research","authors":"T. Fansler","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.efd54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.efd54","url":null,"abstract":"Following a detailed review of practical aspects of photon-correlation laser-Doppler velocimetry, automotive applications are surveyed with emphasis on broad experimental and interpretive concerns common to unsteady flows and confined environments. Such situations typically permit only limited optical access and thereby place a premium on efficient operation with weak (single-photon) signals in the presence of considerable noise. Fast, robust data-acquisition and -reduction techniques that minimize user intervention are described. The survey of automotive applications concentrates on turbulent in-cylinder flow fields and combustion, but briefly includes wind-tunnel and soot-sizing measurements.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116236530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp200
K. Schätzel
Dynamic light scattering experiments on colloidal particles or similar systems typically use one of two optical systems which have been termed homodyne and heterodyne setups, respectively. The homodyne system uses a single illuminating laser beam. Light from the measurement volume is detected coherently, i. e. through a small detector aperture. As a result, fluctuating interference or light beats are observed due to relative motion of the scattering centers with respect to each other. For noninteracting particles, the coherence time of the detected light readily yields the coefficient of diffusion and hence the particle sizes - today the most important application of dynamic light scattering.
{"title":"Introduction to Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","authors":"K. Schätzel","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp200","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic light scattering experiments on colloidal particles or similar systems typically use one of two optical systems which have been termed homodyne and heterodyne setups, respectively. The homodyne system uses a single illuminating laser beam. Light from the measurement volume is detected coherently, i. e. through a small detector aperture. As a result, fluctuating interference or light beats are observed due to relative motion of the scattering centers with respect to each other. For noninteracting particles, the coherence time of the detected light readily yields the coefficient of diffusion and hence the particle sizes - today the most important application of dynamic light scattering.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128771279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：