One of the most important new photon-counting two-dimensional imaging detectors developed in the last few years is a microchannel plate photomultiplier tube having a resistive anode readout. Some of the details of the design and performance characteristics of this detector have been described by Firmani (3) and Rees (5). This type of imaging photon detector (IPD) has been used by Dainty, et al (6), to perform photon correlation experiments on dynamic speckle. An ITT version, #F4146M, of this IPD has been tested with a Surface Sciences Instruments model 2401 position computer. Limiting resolution, relative counting efficiency, and linearity have been measured under a variety of operational conditions, and optimum values have been determined. These conditions are presented and discussed in detail. The limiting spatial resolution varies from about 50 um FWHM at the center, to about 65 um FWHM near the edge of the IPD's 25 mm active diameter. The relative counting efficiency is found to be optimized for the same general operating conditions that produce the best spatial resolution, and the IPD and Surface Sciences Instruments position computer system is linear for count rates up to at least 1E4 cps.
近年来发展起来的最重要的新型光子计数二维成像探测器之一是具有电阻阳极读出的微通道板光电倍增管。Firmani(3)和Rees(5)已经描述了这种探测器的设计细节和性能特征。Dainty等人(6)已经使用这种成像光子探测器(IPD)对动态散斑进行光子相关实验。ITT版本，#F4146M，该IPD已与Surface Sciences Instruments型号2401位置计算机进行了测试。在各种操作条件下测量了极限分辨率、相对计数效率和线性度，并确定了最佳值。对这些条件进行了详细的介绍和讨论。极限空间分辨率从中心的约50 μ m FWHM到IPD 25 mm有效直径边缘的约65 μ m FWHM不等。相对计数效率被发现在产生最佳空间分辨率的相同一般操作条件下是优化的，并且IPD和Surface Sciences Instruments的位置计算机系统在计数率至少为1E4 cps的情况下是线性的。
{"title":"Resistive Anode Photomultiplier Tube Optimum Operating Conditions for Photon Correlation Experiments","authors":"R. F. Floryan, C. B. Johnson","doi":"10.1063/1.1140434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1140434","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important new photon-counting two-dimensional imaging detectors developed in the last few years is a microchannel plate photomultiplier tube having a resistive anode readout. Some of the details of the design and performance characteristics of this detector have been described by Firmani (3) and Rees (5). This type of imaging photon detector (IPD) has been used by Dainty, et al (6), to perform photon correlation experiments on dynamic speckle. An ITT version, #F4146M, of this IPD has been tested with a Surface Sciences Instruments model 2401 position computer. Limiting resolution, relative counting efficiency, and linearity have been measured under a variety of operational conditions, and optimum values have been determined. These conditions are presented and discussed in detail. The limiting spatial resolution varies from about 50 um FWHM at the center, to about 65 um FWHM near the edge of the IPD's 25 mm active diameter. The relative counting efficiency is found to be optimized for the same general operating conditions that produce the best spatial resolution, and the IPD and Surface Sciences Instruments position computer system is linear for count rates up to at least 1E4 cps.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132615047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The time dependence of a periodical signal is determined by measuring its autocorrelation function and its counting rate distribution. The method is applied to the investigation of highly periodical concentration fluctuations observed in the mixing zone of a triple jet containing CO2 and air.
{"title":"Determination of the Time Dependence of Periodical Optical Signals by Correlation Spectroscopy","authors":"G. Schweiger","doi":"10.1080/713821778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713821778","url":null,"abstract":"The time dependence of a periodical signal is determined by measuring its autocorrelation function and its counting rate distribution. The method is applied to the investigation of highly periodical concentration fluctuations observed in the mixing zone of a triple jet containing CO2 and air.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129494167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs147
B. Law, R. Gammon, J. Sengers
We have performed small-angle Rayleigh scattering measurements in toluene removed far from equilibrium by a large stabilizing temperature gradient. The experiments demonstrate the existence of long-range density correlations through a strong enhancement of the thermal fluctuations and they also reveal a negative contribution at shorter-time scales from the viscous fluctuations in agreement with the theoretical predictions. The experiments confirm that both effects vary with (∇T)2/q4, where ∇T is the temperature gradient and q the wave number of the fluctuations.
{"title":"Dynamic Light Scattering from Long-Range Density Correlations in a Nonequilibrium Liquid","authors":"B. Law, R. Gammon, J. Sengers","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs147","url":null,"abstract":"We have performed small-angle Rayleigh scattering measurements in toluene removed far from equilibrium by a large stabilizing temperature gradient. The experiments demonstrate the existence of long-range density correlations through a strong enhancement of the thermal fluctuations and they also reveal a negative contribution at shorter-time scales from the viscous fluctuations in agreement with the theoretical predictions. The experiments confirm that both effects vary with (∇T)2/q4, where ∇T is the temperature gradient and q the wave number of the fluctuations.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"74 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114254383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp205
F. Mcneil-Watson
The emphasis in recent years on improvements in the polydisperse analysis problem - that is the recovery of accurate particle size distributions from PCS data, have concentrated on two areas. Firstly the measurement of the correlation points at a logarithmically spaced set of points, that effectively match the collection of data to the distribution of information in exponential functions. Secondly the use of fitting methods that apply constraints either implicitly or explicitly to the range of possible solutions that are evaluated in the fitting process.
{"title":"Improved Analysis of Photon Correlation Data","authors":"F. Mcneil-Watson","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp205","url":null,"abstract":"The emphasis in recent years on improvements in the polydisperse analysis problem - that is the recovery of accurate particle size distributions from PCS data, have concentrated on two areas. Firstly the measurement of the correlation points at a logarithmically spaced set of points, that effectively match the collection of data to the distribution of information in exponential functions. Secondly the use of fitting methods that apply constraints either implicitly or explicitly to the range of possible solutions that are evaluated in the fitting process.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129500627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.pcmdr18
C. Byrne, M. Fiddy
The problem of reconstructing a non-negative signal from a finite number of spectral data is a problem of finding an optimal approximation to one function by another. For example, for velocity measurement by crossed beam laser Doppler anemometry, a limited number of channels can provide high quality data on the autocorrelation function of the intensity of the scattered light. However, extrapolation of these data is required in order to estimate velocity distributions narrower than the point spread function determined by the number of channels, e.g. in the case of laminar flow. We describe here methods based on the theory of best approximation in weighted Hilbert spaces, (1). These methods have been under development for some time for use in a variety of 1-D and 2-D estimation problems. A new interpretation of these methods is now possible based on the close analogy between the reconstruction of a non-negative function from finitely many values of its Fourier transform, and the design of approximate Wiener filters,(2).
{"title":"Signal Reconstruction as a Wiener Filter Approximation","authors":"C. Byrne, M. Fiddy","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.pcmdr18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.pcmdr18","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of reconstructing a non-negative signal from a finite number of spectral data is a problem of finding an optimal approximation to one function by another. For example, for velocity measurement by crossed beam laser Doppler anemometry, a limited number of channels can provide high quality data on the autocorrelation function of the intensity of the scattered light. However, extrapolation of these data is required in order to estimate velocity distributions narrower than the point spread function determined by the number of channels, e.g. in the case of laminar flow. We describe here methods based on the theory of best approximation in weighted Hilbert spaces, (1). These methods have been under development for some time for use in a variety of 1-D and 2-D estimation problems. A new interpretation of these methods is now possible based on the close analogy between the reconstruction of a non-negative function from finitely many values of its Fourier transform, and the design of approximate Wiener filters,(2).","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116370203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs122
H. M. Lindsay, M. Y. Lin, D. Weitz, R. Ball, R. Klein, P. Meakin
We present a detailed description of both static and dynamic light scattering from fractal colloid aggregates. By properly including the effects of rotational diffusion, we can account for the shape of the autocorrelation functions measured by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). We show that the first cumulants measured as a function of time and scattering wavevector can be scaled into a single master curve. The shape of this curve is critically dependent on the details of the aggregation process and aggregate structure, and we use this to demonstrate the universality of colloid aggregation.
{"title":"Light Scattering From Fractal Colloid Aggregates","authors":"H. M. Lindsay, M. Y. Lin, D. Weitz, R. Ball, R. Klein, P. Meakin","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs122","url":null,"abstract":"We present a detailed description of both static and dynamic light scattering from fractal colloid aggregates. By properly including the effects of rotational diffusion, we can account for the shape of the autocorrelation functions measured by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). We show that the first cumulants measured as a function of time and scattering wavevector can be scaled into a single master curve. The shape of this curve is critically dependent on the details of the aggregation process and aggregate structure, and we use this to demonstrate the universality of colloid aggregation.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127968645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of burst-triggered correlation to the processing of laser doppler anemometry signals is described, and some measurement results in a compressor presented.
介绍了突发触发相关技术在激光多普勒测风信号处理中的应用，并给出了在一台压缩机上的一些测量结果。
{"title":"Use of Burst-Triggered Correlation for Laser Anemometry Measurement in Turbomachinery","authors":"D. G. Jones, S. Wiseall","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.efd99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.efd99","url":null,"abstract":"The application of burst-triggered correlation to the processing of laser doppler anemometry signals is described, and some measurement results in a compressor presented.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127827513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs159
E. Pike, H. J. Gould, F. Watanabe
The feasibility of a direct measurement of sliding of proteins along a DNA chain by the fluorescence photobleaching recovery technique is demonstrated. The results obtained with a protein, histone H1, provides a firm basis for the understanding of the "facilitated diffusion" mechanism by which site-specific DNA binding proteins are thought to find efficiently their unique loci.
{"title":"Fluorescence Photobleaching Recovery Measurements of Facilitated Diffusion","authors":"E. Pike, H. J. Gould, F. Watanabe","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.pcs159","url":null,"abstract":"The feasibility of a direct measurement of sliding of proteins along a DNA chain by the fluorescence photobleaching recovery technique is demonstrated. The results obtained with a protein, histone H1, provides a firm basis for the understanding of the \"facilitated diffusion\" mechanism by which site-specific DNA binding proteins are thought to find efficiently their unique loci.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123318734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.pcmdr8
J. Rarity, E. Pike, R. G. Brown
We use a generalised matrix diagonalisation approach to obtain the singular system of the photon correlation laser Doppler-difference velocimetry kernel. We demonstrate inversion of simulated and real velocimetry data and compare this technique with earlier inversion methods using cubic spline based orthogonal functions.
{"title":"Singular Value Inversion Applied to the Doppler Velocimetry Kernel","authors":"J. Rarity, E. Pike, R. G. Brown","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.pcmdr8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.pcmdr8","url":null,"abstract":"We use a generalised matrix diagonalisation approach to obtain the singular system of the photon correlation laser Doppler-difference velocimetry kernel. We demonstrate inversion of simulated and real velocimetry data and compare this technique with earlier inversion methods using cubic spline based orthogonal functions.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116244996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp208
James E. Martin
In the last several years there has been considerable interest in the structure of aggregates and gels, in large part due to the high interest in the fractal geometry these objects exhibit. Of course, light scattering is commonly used to determine fractal dimensions, so it is natural enough to run the scattered field into an autocorrelator to find out what the dynamics are up to. This seemingly innocent move is the first step in a long journey into the unusual dynamical behaviors exhibited by these fractal systems. Since the dynamics of aggregates and gels are quite different, it will be helpful to discuss them sequentially.
{"title":"Application of Dynamic Light Scattering to Aggregation and Gelation","authors":"James E. Martin","doi":"10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/pcta.1988.dsopp208","url":null,"abstract":"In the last several years there has been considerable interest in the structure of aggregates and gels, in large part due to the high interest in the fractal geometry these objects exhibit. Of course, light scattering is commonly used to determine fractal dimensions, so it is natural enough to run the scattered field into an autocorrelator to find out what the dynamics are up to. This seemingly innocent move is the first step in a long journey into the unusual dynamical behaviors exhibited by these fractal systems. Since the dynamics of aggregates and gels are quite different, it will be helpful to discuss them sequentially.","PeriodicalId":371566,"journal":{"name":"Photon Correlation Techniques and Applications","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132483264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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