Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.1080/18366503.2021.1954494
N. Agarwala
ABSTRACT With an increasing demand for ocean resources to fulfil the needs of an ever growing population, humanity has been pushed to utilise the ocean resources. To be successful in these efforts, they have been pushing technological development which in turn has increased the demand for power as most of these developments are power hungry. However, with the present power generation knowledge confined to fossil-fuel, achieving sustainability has been limited and a challenge to achieve. To overcome this limitation and to harness the full potential of the ocean-based Blue Economy, countries around the world, including India, are making concerted efforts to develop sustainable technologies to generate usable power from ocean-energy. Accordingly, the options available for utilising ocean-based renewable energy technologies to sustainably power growth through economic activities in the marine and coastal domain while being a meaningful contributor to the blue economic growth is discussed. In doing so, a global perspective of the status of the Blue Economy of marine renewable energy technologies with a focus on the opportunities for India has been provided. The article concludes with some suggestions of future developments for developing countries like India to meet the targets of powering their Blue Economy.
{"title":"Powering India’s Blue Economy through ocean energy","authors":"N. Agarwala","doi":"10.1080/18366503.2021.1954494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2021.1954494","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 With an increasing demand for ocean resources to fulfil the needs of an ever growing population, humanity has been pushed to utilise the ocean resources. To be successful in these efforts, they have been pushing technological development which in turn has increased the demand for power as most of these developments are power hungry. However, with the present power generation knowledge confined to fossil-fuel, achieving sustainability has been limited and a challenge to achieve. To overcome this limitation and to harness the full potential of the ocean-based Blue Economy, countries around the world, including India, are making concerted efforts to develop sustainable technologies to generate usable power from ocean-energy. Accordingly, the options available for utilising ocean-based renewable energy technologies to sustainably power growth through economic activities in the marine and coastal domain while being a meaningful contributor to the blue economic growth is discussed. In doing so, a global perspective of the status of the Blue Economy of marine renewable energy technologies with a focus on the opportunities for India has been provided. The article concludes with some suggestions of future developments for developing countries like India to meet the targets of powering their Blue Economy.","PeriodicalId":37179,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs","volume":"10 1","pages":"270 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78559170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/18366503.2021.1894794
M. Haward
{"title":"Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs: reflections on forty years","authors":"M. Haward","doi":"10.1080/18366503.2021.1894794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2021.1894794","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37179,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs","volume":"35 1","pages":"147 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73533589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-24DOI: 10.1080/18366503.2021.1940475
Omer Berkehan Inal, C. Dere, B. Zincir, C. Deniz
ABSTRACT The study investigates marine engineering education on alternative fuels and hybrid propulsion regarding decarbonisation of shipping. A new course is proposed for maritime education and training subject to the IGF Code amendments to the STCW which lasts 14 weeks and 3 h per week. Competences at the STCW amendments for the persons who work on alternative-fuelled ships are taken into account while preparing the course topics. Each topic is paired with basic and advanced training competencies of the STCW amendments, compliance with the STCW is provided, the course topics and sub-topics are explained, and the duration of the course is determined. The need for updating the curriculum and the training of future seafarers is crucial to satisfying their ability to operate future ships. This study highlights the need for novel approaches and courses regarding the new future technologies for the traditional marine engineering curriculum.
{"title":"Hybrid propulsion and alternative fuels education in the course of decarbonised shipping","authors":"Omer Berkehan Inal, C. Dere, B. Zincir, C. Deniz","doi":"10.1080/18366503.2021.1940475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2021.1940475","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study investigates marine engineering education on alternative fuels and hybrid propulsion regarding decarbonisation of shipping. A new course is proposed for maritime education and training subject to the IGF Code amendments to the STCW which lasts 14 weeks and 3 h per week. Competences at the STCW amendments for the persons who work on alternative-fuelled ships are taken into account while preparing the course topics. Each topic is paired with basic and advanced training competencies of the STCW amendments, compliance with the STCW is provided, the course topics and sub-topics are explained, and the duration of the course is determined. The need for updating the curriculum and the training of future seafarers is crucial to satisfying their ability to operate future ships. This study highlights the need for novel approaches and courses regarding the new future technologies for the traditional marine engineering curriculum.","PeriodicalId":37179,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs","volume":"27 1","pages":"97 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74329799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-14DOI: 10.1080/18366503.2021.1941725
G. Emad, H. Enshaei, Samrat Ghosh
ABSTRACT Autonomous ships are expected to become operational in the foreseeable future. However, so far, most of the discussions have been centred on automation technology with less emphasis on training of seafarers who shall operate them. Depending on the level of autonomy, it is imperative that these ships will still be operated by humans either onshore or onboard. Thus, it is critical to identify the training needs of operators and the facilities that will be required to deliver them. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on maritime education and training (MET) of future operators of autonomous and unmanned ships. An extensive review of the literature revealed that currently, there is an absence of a framework for training the future operators of autonomous vessels. Moreover, the exact equipment that will be needed for training is also not known. As the literature on operational requirement of autonomous ships is limited, this paper expanded the review of the literature to industries which have already embraced the autonomous systems and in particular the framework utilised for training the workforce that operates and manage those autonomous systems.
{"title":"Identifying seafarer training needs for operating future autonomous ships: a systematic literature review","authors":"G. Emad, H. Enshaei, Samrat Ghosh","doi":"10.1080/18366503.2021.1941725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2021.1941725","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Autonomous ships are expected to become operational in the foreseeable future. However, so far, most of the discussions have been centred on automation technology with less emphasis on training of seafarers who shall operate them. Depending on the level of autonomy, it is imperative that these ships will still be operated by humans either onshore or onboard. Thus, it is critical to identify the training needs of operators and the facilities that will be required to deliver them. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on maritime education and training (MET) of future operators of autonomous and unmanned ships. An extensive review of the literature revealed that currently, there is an absence of a framework for training the future operators of autonomous vessels. Moreover, the exact equipment that will be needed for training is also not known. As the literature on operational requirement of autonomous ships is limited, this paper expanded the review of the literature to industries which have already embraced the autonomous systems and in particular the framework utilised for training the workforce that operates and manage those autonomous systems.","PeriodicalId":37179,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs","volume":"48 1","pages":"114 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81455231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-26DOI: 10.1080/18366503.2021.1933692
K. Hou
ABSTRACT Following the Steinbergist Classification and the theory of territorial political economy, this paper aims to interpret the social constructions of the ocean by modern Taiwan’s near-shore, near-sea, and deep-sea fisheries and to demonstrate a thesis that the social construction of the ocean can influence the related material organisation of society and the geographical condition of the ocean. Overfishing and declining fishery production were the problems caused by the fisheries’ constructions of the ocean, affecting Taiwan’s material organisation of the fishing industries and the geographical condition of the ocean. Additionally, the fishing industries between 1949 and 2016 were critical for the marine-related economy of Taiwan. Interpreting and classifying the fisheries’ constructions of the ocean will illuminate and register the core experiences. This paper suggests that near-shore fishery constructed the ocean in accordance with the Indian Ocean Model; near-sea fishery initially followed the same path until, in the 1980s and 1990s, it absorbed elements of the Seldenian Variation; and deep-sea fishery constructed the ocean in consistence with the Indian Ocean Model but had incorporated elements of the Seldenian Variation by the late 1970s and early 1980s. Moreover, deep-sea fishery then also assimilated elements of the Grotian Variation in the mid-2000s.
{"title":"Understanding the social constructions of the ocean by modern Taiwan's fisheries","authors":"K. Hou","doi":"10.1080/18366503.2021.1933692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2021.1933692","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Following the Steinbergist Classification and the theory of territorial political economy, this paper aims to interpret the social constructions of the ocean by modern Taiwan’s near-shore, near-sea, and deep-sea fisheries and to demonstrate a thesis that the social construction of the ocean can influence the related material organisation of society and the geographical condition of the ocean. Overfishing and declining fishery production were the problems caused by the fisheries’ constructions of the ocean, affecting Taiwan’s material organisation of the fishing industries and the geographical condition of the ocean. Additionally, the fishing industries between 1949 and 2016 were critical for the marine-related economy of Taiwan. Interpreting and classifying the fisheries’ constructions of the ocean will illuminate and register the core experiences. This paper suggests that near-shore fishery constructed the ocean in accordance with the Indian Ocean Model; near-sea fishery initially followed the same path until, in the 1980s and 1990s, it absorbed elements of the Seldenian Variation; and deep-sea fishery constructed the ocean in consistence with the Indian Ocean Model but had incorporated elements of the Seldenian Variation by the late 1970s and early 1980s. Moreover, deep-sea fishery then also assimilated elements of the Grotian Variation in the mid-2000s.","PeriodicalId":37179,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs","volume":"8 1","pages":"77 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81013807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-07DOI: 10.1080/18366503.2021.1925467
Rahat Shah
ABSTRACT This paper uses the balance of power theory to explain Pakistan’s quest for balance in the context of the Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS). Although this strategy aims to achieve the goal of a ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’ and focuses on China’s rise in the Indo-Pacific region. However, it also has security implications for Pakistan. The question here is; how the Indo-Pacific Strategy affect Pakistan’s strategic behavior? We believe that the maritime security cooperation between the United States and India under the framework of IPS strengthens the relative capabilities of the Indian navy, creates a zero-sum situation for Pakistan, and undermines the balance of power that affects Islamabad's strategic behavior. If so, to what degree is Islamabad adopting balancing strategies to counterbalance the risk of Indian aggression or coercion? To what degree is Pakistan pursuing deeper security cooperation with Russia and China in the Indo-Pacific in pursuit of a more stable balance of power? It is pursuing a strategy of internal and external balance. Internally, it is focusing on modernizing the navy, purchasing advanced weapons, and developing strategies related to maritimes security. Externally, it is seeking deeper security cooperation with Russia and China, such as holding joint naval exercises in the Indian Ocean, exchanging naval officials, and signing military cooperation and strategic partnerships to maintain the balance of power.
{"title":"Pakistan’s quest for balance in the context of the Indo-Pacific strategy","authors":"Rahat Shah","doi":"10.1080/18366503.2021.1925467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2021.1925467","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper uses the balance of power theory to explain Pakistan’s quest for balance in the context of the Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS). Although this strategy aims to achieve the goal of a ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’ and focuses on China’s rise in the Indo-Pacific region. However, it also has security implications for Pakistan. The question here is; how the Indo-Pacific Strategy affect Pakistan’s strategic behavior? We believe that the maritime security cooperation between the United States and India under the framework of IPS strengthens the relative capabilities of the Indian navy, creates a zero-sum situation for Pakistan, and undermines the balance of power that affects Islamabad's strategic behavior. If so, to what degree is Islamabad adopting balancing strategies to counterbalance the risk of Indian aggression or coercion? To what degree is Pakistan pursuing deeper security cooperation with Russia and China in the Indo-Pacific in pursuit of a more stable balance of power? It is pursuing a strategy of internal and external balance. Internally, it is focusing on modernizing the navy, purchasing advanced weapons, and developing strategies related to maritimes security. Externally, it is seeking deeper security cooperation with Russia and China, such as holding joint naval exercises in the Indian Ocean, exchanging naval officials, and signing military cooperation and strategic partnerships to maintain the balance of power.","PeriodicalId":37179,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs","volume":"32 1 1","pages":"39 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89115420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1080/18366503.2021.1909206
Mohamed Abdelfattah, Mohi-Eldin Elsayeh, Said Abdelkader
ABSTRACT Recently, many Port Security Risk Assessment (PSRA) approaches have been developed. However, it is important to choose the right approach for the situation at hand. The aim of this research endeavour was to undertake a comparative analysis among PSRA approaches available in the open literature in order to single out their main features and controlling parameters, with a vision to prioritise these parameters and to investigate the possibility of developing an integrated approach. Primary data were collected through a specially designed questionnaire. The questionnaire relied on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and was particularly designed and used to choose the most appropriate parameters pertinent to each of the risk factors; namely: criticality, threat, vulnerability and consequences. To test the proposed approach, a hypothetical port was designed. Then, the risks were evaluated using the proposed approach and the results are compared with those obtained using Risk Assessment and Management Tool (RAMT) approach. Analysis and comparison of results have shown superiority of the proposed approach, which has a higher number of parameters to assess risks, which, in turn, resulted in higher accuracy due to the multiplicity of evaluation factors used compared to those used in RAMT. As such, uncertainty was significantly reduced.
{"title":"A proposed port security risk assessment approach, with application to a hypothetical port","authors":"Mohamed Abdelfattah, Mohi-Eldin Elsayeh, Said Abdelkader","doi":"10.1080/18366503.2021.1909206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2021.1909206","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recently, many Port Security Risk Assessment (PSRA) approaches have been developed. However, it is important to choose the right approach for the situation at hand. The aim of this research endeavour was to undertake a comparative analysis among PSRA approaches available in the open literature in order to single out their main features and controlling parameters, with a vision to prioritise these parameters and to investigate the possibility of developing an integrated approach. Primary data were collected through a specially designed questionnaire. The questionnaire relied on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and was particularly designed and used to choose the most appropriate parameters pertinent to each of the risk factors; namely: criticality, threat, vulnerability and consequences. To test the proposed approach, a hypothetical port was designed. Then, the risks were evaluated using the proposed approach and the results are compared with those obtained using Risk Assessment and Management Tool (RAMT) approach. Analysis and comparison of results have shown superiority of the proposed approach, which has a higher number of parameters to assess risks, which, in turn, resulted in higher accuracy due to the multiplicity of evaluation factors used compared to those used in RAMT. As such, uncertainty was significantly reduced.","PeriodicalId":37179,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs","volume":"51 1","pages":"21 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86636422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.1080/18366503.2021.1904602
N. Agarwala
ABSTRACT Studies around the world have identified a multitude of innovations that have the potential to create an economic impact and disrupt various facets of life in the coming years. Most of these innovations are disruptive in nature and have a direct or an indirect usage potential in the maritime industry. Since the maritime industry is largely a reactive one that is driven by regulatory pressures and commercial requirements, the transition to such new technologies will happen only when existing methods become obsolete or when they cannot cope up with the increasing demands at sea and/or in harbour. In order to exploit the true potential of these disruptive technologies, regulations are essential. However, traditionally, policy makers are slow to adjust to changes in technology and providing the required regulations in time, without realising that a good policy can create opportunities for the government to save public funds and earn additional revenues. This article thus discusses the issues that create a governance gap and the efforts the policy makers can put in to narrow this gap. In addition, the feasibility of creating a policy framework to maximise the potential of these emerging disruptive technologies in the maritime industry will be discussed.
{"title":"Role of policy framework for disruptive technologies in the maritime domain","authors":"N. Agarwala","doi":"10.1080/18366503.2021.1904602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2021.1904602","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies around the world have identified a multitude of innovations that have the potential to create an economic impact and disrupt various facets of life in the coming years. Most of these innovations are disruptive in nature and have a direct or an indirect usage potential in the maritime industry. Since the maritime industry is largely a reactive one that is driven by regulatory pressures and commercial requirements, the transition to such new technologies will happen only when existing methods become obsolete or when they cannot cope up with the increasing demands at sea and/or in harbour. In order to exploit the true potential of these disruptive technologies, regulations are essential. However, traditionally, policy makers are slow to adjust to changes in technology and providing the required regulations in time, without realising that a good policy can create opportunities for the government to save public funds and earn additional revenues. This article thus discusses the issues that create a governance gap and the efforts the policy makers can put in to narrow this gap. In addition, the feasibility of creating a policy framework to maximise the potential of these emerging disruptive technologies in the maritime industry will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":37179,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs","volume":"56 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80426835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-08DOI: 10.1080/18366503.2021.1894795
A. Bergin
Nearly twenty years ago, Sam Bateman identified the growth of coastguards (Bateman 2003) for maritime law enforcement (MLE) in the Indo-Pacific region. In this, and in other work, Sam Bateman focus...
{"title":"A new regional maritime confidence building measure: the Indo-Pacific Maritime Law Enforcement Centre","authors":"A. Bergin","doi":"10.1080/18366503.2021.1894795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2021.1894795","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly twenty years ago, Sam Bateman identified the growth of coastguards (Bateman 2003) for maritime law enforcement (MLE) in the Indo-Pacific region. In this, and in other work, Sam Bateman focus...","PeriodicalId":37179,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs","volume":"201 1","pages":"150 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73620538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-21DOI: 10.1080/18366503.2021.1883821
E. Engtrø, Ane Sæterdal
ABSTRACT As the sea ice extent steadily decreases, the Arctic region is simultaneously experiencing extensive growth in commercial shipping activities, in areas which previously were considered inaccessible for most ships during large periods of the year, increasing the probability of accidents or incidents occurring. The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (The Polar Code) states that resources shall be provided to support survival following abandoning a ship; desalting apparatus is proposed for the provision of the recommended amount of freshwater. However, previous studies have shown that the expected performance criteria for survival equipment are significantly reduced in cold climate conditions. In this paper, we present and discuss the results of testing SOLAS approved desalting apparatus at low temperatures in a controlled and enclosed environment, studying the equipment's performance capabilities.
{"title":"Investigating the Polar Code’s function-based requirements for life-saving appliances and arrangements, and the performance of survival equipment in cold climate conditions – test of SOLAS approved desalting apparatus at low temperatures","authors":"E. Engtrø, Ane Sæterdal","doi":"10.1080/18366503.2021.1883821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2021.1883821","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As the sea ice extent steadily decreases, the Arctic region is simultaneously experiencing extensive growth in commercial shipping activities, in areas which previously were considered inaccessible for most ships during large periods of the year, increasing the probability of accidents or incidents occurring. The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (The Polar Code) states that resources shall be provided to support survival following abandoning a ship; desalting apparatus is proposed for the provision of the recommended amount of freshwater. However, previous studies have shown that the expected performance criteria for survival equipment are significantly reduced in cold climate conditions. In this paper, we present and discuss the results of testing SOLAS approved desalting apparatus at low temperatures in a controlled and enclosed environment, studying the equipment's performance capabilities.","PeriodicalId":37179,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Maritime and Ocean Affairs","volume":"27 1","pages":"274 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81544418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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