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From Margins to Centre: Relocating Youth Participation in Radical Politics of International Development 从边缘到中心:重新定位青年参与国际发展的激进政治
Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.5430/ijba.v13n3p45
Gamel Abdul-Nasser Salifu
This paper focuses on youth participation in decision-making processes for economic growth and development. Very little is known of the effectivity of rural youth participation in the developing world. Drawing on recent empirical evidence of youth participation in economics and development research, the paper identifies the growing interest of policy makers on shorthanded interventions aimed at improving young lives. Going beyond official blueprints and the stated objectives of international development interventions, interventions have widely emphasized the mechanical aspects of projects rather than the direct impact of interventions on young beneficiaries. Understanding this is critical for development as recent projects’ high rate of failure and unintended consequences for beneficiaries continue to grow. Based on the review of over 100 documented cases of youth participation in Africa, Asia and Latin America, the paper offers a conceptual guide, reinforced by methodological suggestions for studying the representational ‘afterlives’ of development interventions. Inspired by the phenomenological works of economic development research, the paper recognizes young voices as repositories of non-hegemonic knowledge with the ability to creatively re-appropriate development legacies. While such conclusions may have been kept under relative control, they come to fore upon the termination of interventions. A grassroots-based approach aimed at studying post-intervention communities would reveal the palimpsest-like multilayers of flagship programmes across the developing world.
本文的重点是青年参与经济增长和发展的决策过程。人们对发展中国家农村青年参与的有效性知之甚少。根据最近关于青年参与经济和发展研究的经验证据,该论文指出,决策者对旨在改善年轻人生活的人手不足的干预措施越来越感兴趣。在官方蓝图和国际发展干预措施的既定目标之外,干预措施广泛强调项目的机械方面,而不是干预措施对年轻受益者的直接影响。了解这一点对发展至关重要,因为最近项目的高失败率和对受益人的意外后果继续增加。基于对非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲100多个有记录的青年参与案例的审查,本文提供了一个概念性指南,并通过研究发展干预措施的代表性“后遗症”的方法建议加以加强。受经济发展研究现象学作品的启发,本文认识到年轻人的声音是非霸权知识的宝库,具有创造性地重新利用发展遗产的能力。虽然这些结论可能一直处于相对控制之下,但它们在干预措施结束时就会出现。旨在研究干预后社区的基于基层的方法将揭示发展中国家旗舰项目的重写式多层结构。
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引用次数: 0
Alternative Analytical Approaches to Creative Economy 创意经济的其他分析方法
Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.5430/ijba.v13n3p34
Diego Santos Vieira de Jesus
The aim of the article is to propose alternative and critical analytical perspectives to study creative economy and its correlated issues, such as creative city and creative class. A neo-marxist perspective indicates that creative economy reinforced the gap among innovators, investors, and those who work for them. According to a post-structural perspective, the formulas for the development of creative economy or creative city are homogenizing and contribute to the marginalization of differences. A postcolonial perspective indicates that marginalized societies in the capitalist system were conceived as blank spaces in which socioeconomic governance recommendations applied for creative sectors in North Atlantic societies could be replicated. Feminist approaches and queer theory highlight hierarchies related to gender, sexual orientation, race, and ethnicity in creative industries, despite the supposedly inclusive notions of creative economy and creative class.
本文的目的是为研究创意经济及其相关问题,如创意城市和创意阶层,提出一种另类的、批判性的分析视角。从新马克思主义的观点来看,创造经济加剧了创新者、投资者和为他们工作的人之间的差距。从后结构的角度看,创意经济或创意城市的发展模式正在同质化,导致差异的边缘化。后殖民视角表明,资本主义体系中的边缘社会被视为空白地带,适用于北大西洋社会创意部门的社会经济治理建议可以在其中复制。女权主义方法和酷儿理论强调了创意产业中与性别、性取向、种族和民族相关的等级制度,尽管创意经济和创意阶层的概念被认为是包容性的。
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引用次数: 0
The Influence of Ethical leadership and Organizational Culture on Employee Commitment in the South Africa Local Government Municipality 南非地方自治市伦理型领导与组织文化对员工承诺的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.35808/ijeba/765
Joseph Mbulaheni Ndou, Albert T. Agbenyegah
: Purpose: This study aims to determine the influence of ethical leadership and organisational culture on employee commitment in a South African local government municipality in Gauteng Province. Design/methodology/approach: The authors adopted a cross-sectional quantitative research design. Primary data was gathered by administering a five-point Likert scale questionnaire to respondents online. Respondents were selected through the probability simple random sampling technique. Field data were analysed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 27) aided by descriptive tools of standard deviation, mean and frequency while the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), correlation analysis, and structural equation model (SEM) were used to make inferences from the data. The authors employed correlation to assess the relationship between ethical leadership, organisational culture, and employee commitment. Findings: The outcomes of the study indicated positive correlations between the variables. This implies that an increase in one variable means a similar increase in the other. However, it emerged that organizational culture influences employee commitment more than ethical leadership. Practical implications: Regarding the influence of ethical leadership, it is recommended that organisations such as the local municipalities need focus on human resource development programmes, institute mentorship, and training initiatives to assist managers. The municipalities must further reinforce empowerment traits, and establish staff development centres to enhance existing the performance of municipal leaders in management positions. Besides, it is recommended that the management of municipalities practice “the leading by example phenomenon” and “the role modeling culture” to improve employee performance and commitment. Originality/value: Though there has been several empirical studies on ethical leadership and organisational culture, the analytical framework adopted outlines practical approaches that municipal managers need to adopt to enhance ethical leadership and culture in organisations.
目的:本研究旨在确定道德领导和组织文化对员工承诺的影响在南非豪登省的一个地方政府直辖市。设计/方法/方法:作者采用横断面定量研究设计。主要数据是通过对在线受访者进行五点李克特量表问卷调查收集的。调查对象采用概率简单随机抽样法进行选择。现场数据分析使用SPSS第27版社会科学统计软件包(SPSS version 27),辅以标准差、均值和频率等描述性工具,并使用探索性因素分析(EFA)、验证性因素分析(CFA)、相关分析和结构方程模型(SEM)对数据进行推断。作者采用相关关系来评估伦理型领导、组织文化和员工承诺之间的关系。结果:研究结果显示各变量之间存在正相关关系。这意味着一个变量的增加意味着另一个变量的类似增加。然而,组织文化比道德领导更能影响员工的承诺。实际影响:关于道德领导的影响,建议地方市政当局等组织需要重点关注人力资源开发计划、研究所指导和培训计划,以协助管理人员。市政当局必须进一步加强赋予权力的特点,并设立工作人员发展中心,以提高担任管理职务的市政领导人的现有业绩。此外,建议市政当局的管理实践“以身作则现象”和“角色塑造文化”,以提高员工的绩效和承诺。原创性/价值:虽然已经有一些关于道德领导和组织文化的实证研究,但所采用的分析框架概述了市政管理者需要采用的实用方法,以加强组织中的道德领导和文化。
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引用次数: 0
An Empirical Analysis on Gender Gap: With Specific Reference to Economic Participation in Asian Countries 性别差距的实证分析——以亚洲国家经济参与为例
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.35808/ijeba/769
Dr., Neha Bamel, Aparna Sheoran
: Purpose: The aim of this article is to study the effect of gender gap in economic participation and opportunities on growth and development of Asian Countries. Design/methodology/approach: Secondary data has been used in the analysis. Content analysis has been done by using Data Analysis method- PSPP: Correlation. Findings: According to the results, the correlation between gender gap in economic participation and opportunities and growth and development is 0.33. Due to the scarcity of data on access to women to economic opportunities the correlation was low. If study the table closely, it was determined that countries with low gender gap in economic participation were doing well in growth and development. Practical implications: The paper has guiding significance for the overall development of an economy by keeping in mind the importance of gender parity, and also provides the scientific reasoning that gender parity in economic participation can lead to higher growth and development levels. Originality/value: This paper has reviewed the degree of gender in economic participation, effects of it in development and the relationship between development and gender parity in economic participation and opportunities.
目的:本文的目的是研究经济参与和机会方面的性别差距对亚洲国家增长和发展的影响。设计/方法/方法:在分析中使用了二手数据。内容分析采用数据分析方法PSPP:相关性。研究结果显示,经济参与与机会、增长与发展的性别差距相关系数为0.33。由于缺乏关于妇女获得经济机会的数据,这种相关性很低。如果仔细研究这个表,就会发现在经济参与方面性别差距小的国家在增长和发展方面做得很好。实践意义:本文牢记性别平等的重要性,对一个经济体的整体发展具有指导意义,也为经济参与中的性别平等可以带来更高的增长和发展水平提供了科学的推理。原创性/价值:本文回顾了经济参与中的性别程度、性别对发展的影响以及发展与经济参与和机会中的性别平等之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Informal Financing on the Sustainability of Entrepreneurship in Kumba Municipality 非正式融资对昆巴市创业可持续性的作用
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.35808/ijeba/770
Veronica Dinla Jumfongai, N. D. Thomas
: Purpose: The main objective of this study was to identify the importance of informal financing in underlying the sustainability of businesses. Design/methodology/approach: In carrying out this research information was gathered from Kumba Municipality using primary sources of data, with the help of simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire was designed and administered and observations related to the main objective of this study were gathered. The study employed descriptive methods to summarize the opinions of the respondents and used the Probit regression model to assess the role of informal financing in explaining business sustainability in Kumba. Findings: Findings indicated that entrepreneurs mobilize majority (67.7%) of their funds from informal sources of financing out of which 38.7% come from njangi groups, 12.9% from friends and families and the remainder is gotten informally from credit unions. This is a clear indication that informal financing contributes greatly to the growth of entrepreneurship in Kumba municipality. The probit regression results indicated that borrowing from a financial institution does not play a significant role in boosting the survival of businesses in Kumba. Practical implications: The paper affirms that borrowing from family and friends has a significant likelihood to improve business survival in Kumba municipally. The probit regression results also indicated that funds borrowed from njangi groups have a significant likelihood to boosting business survival in this municipally. Originality/value: Studies on business survival and informal financing are rare in Cameroon. Businesses operating in Kumba Municipality should make good use of the informal financing available in their locality especially njangi groups, as this has important bearings on their sustainability. liquidity real stewardship agency theory information
目的:本研究的主要目的是确定非正式融资在企业可持续性基础上的重要性。设计/方法/方法:在开展这项研究时,利用主要数据来源,在简单随机抽样技术的帮助下,从Kumba市收集信息。设计并实施了问卷调查,并收集了与本研究主要目的相关的观察结果。本研究采用描述性的方法来总结受访者的意见,并使用Probit回归模型来评估非正式融资在解释昆巴企业可持续性方面的作用。调查结果:调查结果表明,企业家从非正式融资来源筹集资金的大多数(67.7%),其中38.7%来自njangi团体,12.9%来自朋友和家人,其余来自非正式的信用合作社。这清楚地表明,非正式融资极大地促进了昆巴市企业精神的发展。probit回归结果表明,从金融机构借款对昆巴企业的生存并没有显著的促进作用。实际意义:本文肯定了向家人和朋友借钱有很大的可能改善昆巴市的商业生存。probit回归结果还表明,从njangi集团借来的资金有显著的可能性促进该市的企业生存。原创性/价值:喀麦隆很少有关于企业生存和非正式融资的研究。在昆巴市经营的企业应充分利用当地可获得的非正式融资,特别是njangi群体,因为这对其可持续性有重要影响。流动性实物管理代理理论资料
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引用次数: 0
Providing Conditions for the Development of Small Business in the Russian Agroindustry 为俄罗斯农业中小企业的发展提供条件
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.35808/ijeba/771
G. Nigmatullina, O. Shilkina, Elina Kipchakbaeva, O. Frolova, G. Salimova
: Purpose: The research goal is to evaluate the state support efficiency in agriculture through the development of small businesses. Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper considers the mechanism of state support for small agricultural businesses and its impact on the efficiency of agricultural production in different categories of farms, budget efficiency, the need and prospects for directing budget funds for the development of small businesses in agriculture. Farms are divided into groups depending on the marginal revenue. Findings: The efficiency of allocating budget funds of the consolidated budget is calculated. The paper describes an original approach to providing conditions for the long-term development of small businesses in agriculture. Practical Implications: If Bashkortostan continues to support the agricultural sector, the government can promote small farms and achieve sustainable growth of agricultural production by 2025. Originality/Value: Small business development in agriculture must take into account not only the scale of production but the industry specifics as well that depends much on climatic conditions and soil fertility. These factors are of particular relevance for state support considerations and economic performance.
目的:研究目的是评估国家通过小企业发展对农业的支持效率。设计/方法/方法:本文考虑了国家对农业小企业的支持机制及其对不同类型农场农业生产效率的影响、预算效率、指导预算资金用于农业小企业发展的必要性和前景。农场根据边际收入分成不同的组。结果:计算了综合预算预算资金的分配效率。本文描述了一种为农业小企业的长期发展提供条件的新颖方法。现实意义:如果巴什科尔托斯坦继续支持农业部门,政府可以促进小农场的发展,到2025年实现农业生产的可持续增长。原创性/价值:小型农业企业的发展不仅要考虑到生产规模,还要考虑到气候条件和土壤肥力的行业特点。这些因素与国家支持考虑和经济表现特别相关。
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引用次数: 0
Determinants of Income Inequality in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚收入不平等的决定因素
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.35808/ijeba/772
Assefa Belay
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引用次数: 1
Spillover Effects of US Monetary Policy and Macreconomic Conditions in Nigeria: Evidence from Time-Varying Parameter Structural Vector Autoregression (TVP-SVAR) 美国货币政策与尼日利亚宏观经济状况的溢出效应:来自时变参数结构向量自回归(TVP-SVAR)的证据
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.35808/ijeba/768
Saba Ndayezhin Danladi
: Purpose: This paper examines the effect of U.S monetary policy spillovers on macroeconomic conditions in Nigeria by estimating a time-varying parameter-VAR (TVP-VAR). Design/methodology/approach: The model is applied mainly due to its ability to capture possible nonlinearities and stochastic volatility of real and financial variables used. The impulse response of Nigeria’s GDP, CPI inflation, exchange rate and monetary policy to U.S monetary policy proxy by shadow policy rate reveals that the effect on GDP and CPI inflation in Nigeria vary across the three major phases of U.S monetary policies (conventional, unconventional, and normalization). Findings: While the effect appeared to be positive during conventional monetary policy phase, evidence of beggar-thy-neighbour was found during unconventional and monetary policy normalization phases. The negative effect appears to be more significant and last longer than the positive effect. We, therefore, conclude that U.S monetary policy substantially explains the cyclical fluctuations in the Nigeria economy. Practical implications: The results may be used by the macroeconomic policy-makers in their attempt to capture U.S. monetary policy spillovers on macroeconomic conditions in Nigeria.
目的:本文通过估计时变参数var (TVP-VAR)来检验美国货币政策溢出对尼日利亚宏观经济状况的影响。设计/方法/方法:该模型的应用主要是因为它能够捕捉所使用的实际和金融变量的可能的非线性和随机波动。尼日利亚GDP、CPI通胀、汇率和货币政策对影子政策利率代理的美国货币政策的脉冲响应表明,在美国货币政策的三个主要阶段(常规、非常规和正常化)中,对尼日利亚GDP和CPI通胀的影响是不同的。研究结果:虽然在常规货币政策阶段,这种影响似乎是积极的,但在非常规货币政策和货币政策正常化阶段,发现了以邻为壑的证据。负面影响似乎比正面影响更显著,持续时间也更长。因此,我们得出结论,美国的货币政策在很大程度上解释了尼日利亚经济的周期性波动。实际意义:这些结果可能被宏观经济政策制定者用来试图捕捉美国货币政策对尼日利亚宏观经济状况的溢出效应。
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引用次数: 0
The Post-War Rebuilding System by Chess-Business Modeling: First Steps and No Answers 战后重建系统的国际象棋商业模型:第一步和没有答案
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.35808/ijeba/767
Tatiana
: Purpose: The scientific research is devoted to solving the problem connected with the determination of the essence and role of the chess business modeling in the system of balanced post war growing and their place in the market infrastructure. Design/methodology/approach: The military the Russian invasion in Ukraine have led to numerous transformations in the social, economic, political, ecological and regulatory field. The formation of effective economic key drivers postwar period is the key to restoring the institutions of civil society and market economy of Ukraine. A quantitative literature review (a meta-analysis) was conducted to investigate the market without inter-study differences. The comparative method was used to form the main vectors of post war market’s renovation and the adapting possibility of these tools to the Ukrainian economy. Findings: The study conclusion on the basis of findings reveals that the chess business modeling can form as the most valuable route for entity so analyze the side effect of it, e.g. impact on the regional financial or socio-economic performance. The government should react fast and respond to the urgent needs of regions and local communities. Chess business modeling will be able to find the most available business ways for entities and side effect for society and environment. Chess business modeling also could be used as a tool dealing with institutional traps. Practical implications: The paper has guiding the comprehensive framework as for post war society so for economic grows of Ukraine. Originality/value: The paper could continue the evaluation of the effectiveness of traditional business and the innovative one, conduct the more comprehensive, in-depth and scientific analysis of the post war economic renovation system, provide more practical management to promote sustainable development of the country.
目的:本科学研究致力于解决战后均衡增长体系中象棋商业模型的本质和作用及其在市场基础设施中的地位的确定问题。设计/方法/途径:俄罗斯在乌克兰的军事入侵导致了社会、经济、政治、生态和监管领域的众多变革。战后有效经济关键驱动力的形成是乌克兰恢复公民社会和市场经济制度的关键。本研究采用定量文献回顾(meta-分析)来调查市场,但不存在研究间差异。采用比较方法形成战后市场改造的主要载体以及这些工具适应乌克兰经济的可能性。研究发现:根据研究结果得出的研究结论表明,象棋商业建模可以作为实体最有价值的途径形成,因此可以分析其副作用,例如对区域金融或社会经济绩效的影响。政府应该迅速做出反应,对地区和当地社区的迫切需求做出回应。象棋商业建模将能够为实体找到最可用的商业方式,并为社会和环境找到副作用。象棋商业模型也可以用作处理制度陷阱的工具。实践意义:本文对乌克兰战后社会和经济发展具有指导意义的综合框架。原创性/价值:本文可以继续对传统商业和创新商业的有效性进行评价,对战后经济改造体系进行更全面、更深入、更科学的分析,为促进国家的可持续发展提供更切实可行的管理。
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引用次数: 1
Scopus Determining the Moderator Role of Brand Image on Brand Innovativeness, Consumer Hope, Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase Intentions 决定品牌形象对品牌创新、消费者希望、顾客满意和再购买意愿的调节作用
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.35808/ijeba/766
Bahman Huseynli̇, S. Mammadova
: Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of brand innovation on consumer hope, customer satisfaction, repurchase intention, and the moderator role of brand image on these effects. Design/methodology/approach: This study is a quantitative research. In the study, data were collected and analysed with quantitative methods. The expressions used in the preparation of the questions were obtained from the scales in the literature. The brands used in the research were the brands most mentioned by the participants as a result of the pre-test. The questionnaire was collected online, and 390 valid questionnaires were reached. In the research, the moderator role of brand image on consumer hope, brand innovativeness and repurchase intention was revealed through analyses and contributed to the literature. At the same time, since there are not many studies on the brand image, consumer hope, brand innovation and repurchase intention of Azerbaijani consumers, is thought that this research will shed light on the studies on the subject. Findings: In this study 7 hypotheses were developed and tested. As a result of the research, it was found that brand innovativeness affects consumer hope, consumer hope affects customer satisfaction and repurchase intention, and customer satisfaction affects repurchase intention. Practical implications: The conditions prepared based on the literature on the moderator effect of brand image on the brand innovativeness, consumer hope, customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions, that contributed to the other important contributions of the research were supported as a result of the analysis. Originality/value: There are not many studies in the literature on the moderator role of brand image on brand innovativeness, consumer hope, customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. As a result of the analysis made in this study, it has been revealed that the brand image has a moderator role on these variables. With this, there are many studies conducted in different countries, but there is no any study on consumers on the topic in Azerbaijan.
目的:本研究的目的是确定品牌创新对消费者希望、顾客满意、再购买意愿的影响,以及品牌形象在这些影响中的调节作用。设计/方法/方法:本研究为定量研究。在研究中,采用定量方法收集数据并进行分析。在准备问题时使用的表达是从文献中的量表中获得的。研究中使用的品牌是参与者在预测试中提到最多的品牌。在线收集问卷,共发放有效问卷390份。本研究通过分析揭示了品牌形象对消费者希望、品牌创新和再购买意愿的调节作用,并对文献进行了贡献。同时,由于对阿塞拜疆消费者的品牌形象、消费者希望、品牌创新和再购买意愿的研究并不多,因此认为本研究将为这一主题的研究提供一些启示。研究结果:本研究提出并验证了7个假设。研究结果发现,品牌创新性影响消费者希望,消费者希望影响顾客满意和再购买意愿,顾客满意影响再购买意愿。实践启示:基于品牌形象对品牌创新性、消费者希望、顾客满意度和再购买意愿的调节效应的文献所准备的条件,有助于本研究的其他重要贡献的分析结果得到支持。原创性/价值:关于品牌形象对品牌创新性、消费者希望、顾客满意度和再购买意愿的调节作用的文献研究并不多。本研究的分析结果显示,品牌形象对这些变量具有调节作用。因此,在不同的国家进行了许多研究,但在阿塞拜疆没有对消费者进行任何关于这一主题的研究。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
International Journal of Economics and Business Administration
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