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Melanin and Curls: Evaluation of Black Women Candidates — CORRIGENDUM 黑色素和卷发:黑人女性候选人的评价-勘误表
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.42
Danielle Casarez Lemi, Nadia Elizabeth Brown
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引用次数: 0
Race and non-electoral political participation in Brazil, South Africa, and the United States 巴西、南非和美国的种族和非选举政治参与
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.29
Fabrício M. Fialho
Abstract This paper examines the context-dependent role of race as a predictor of non-electoral political participation. Prior country-level studies have documented group-level differences in a variety of forms of participation in South Africa and the United States, but have found few to no differences in Brazil. Why are members of one group more engaged in certain political activities than members of other groups only in specific contexts? Why do members of socioeconomically deprived groups, such as non-Whites, participate more than better-off groups in acts that require group mobilization in South Africa and the United States but not in Brazil? Results from the World Values Survey and the International Social Survey Programme show that Blacks and Coloureds in South Africa and Blacks in the United States participate more than Whites in activities that demand prior organization and mobilization, whereas group differences are negligible in Brazil. I argue that (1) race as a driver of political mobilization is conditional on the existence of politicized racial identities; (2) members of groups that share a strong collective identity participate in direct political action more than predicted by their socioeconomic background; (3) politicization of identities is the product of racial projects that deploy the state apparatus to enforce group boundaries for the implementation of segregationist policies as well as the reactions against them; and (4) by enforcing group boundaries, those systems unintentionally create the conditions for the formation of politicized group identities. In the absence of such requisites, political mobilization along racial lines would be weak or nonexistent.
摘要本文考察了种族作为非选举政治参与的预测因素的情境依赖作用。先前的国家级研究记录了南非和美国在各种形式的参与方面的群体水平差异,但在巴西发现很少甚至没有差异。为什么只有在特定的背景下,一个群体的成员比其他群体的成员更多地参与某些政治活动?为什么在南非和美国需要集体动员的行动中,社会经济上被剥夺的群体,如非白人,比富裕群体参与得更多,而在巴西则不然?世界价值观调查和国际社会调查项目的结果表明,南非的黑人和有色人种以及美国的黑人比白人更多地参与需要事先组织和动员的活动,而在巴西,群体差异可以忽略不计。我认为:(1)种族作为政治动员的驱动因素,其条件是政治化的种族身份的存在;(2)具有强烈集体认同的群体成员参与直接政治行动的程度高于其社会经济背景的预测;(3)身份政治化是种族项目的产物,这些项目部署国家机器来加强群体边界,以实施种族隔离政策以及对这些政策的反应;(4)通过强化群体边界,这些系统无意中为政治化群体身份的形成创造了条件。如果没有这些必要条件,沿着种族界线的政治动员就会很弱,甚至根本不存在。
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引用次数: 2
The Autonomy-Representation Dilemma: Indigenous Groups and Distributive Benefits in the Americas 自治-代表困境:美洲原住民群体与分配利益
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.25
C. Carter
Abstract Autonomy carries the promise of resolving longstanding distributive inequalities between indigenous and non-indigenous groups. Yet, contemporary autonomy arrangements have often been associated instead with a reduction in native communities' access to needed public goods and services. I situate these negative effects within a broader autonomy-representation dilemma: autonomy provides indigenous groups with more responsive coethnic leaders, but these leaders frequently face difficulties in collecting and deploying revenue. These capacity constraints often arise from the way national governments have recognized autonomy. As such, pursuing coethnic representation within the state might—under certain conditions—be more likely to provide indigenous groups with needed goods and services. Drawing on natural experimental evidence and an original survey of indigenous community presidents from Peru, I first demonstrate that achieving coethnic political representation within the state can expand indigenous groups' access to the public good they most need: water. I then illustrate how capacity constraints that arise from autonomy have prevented native groups in Bolivia's autonomous municipalities from achieving similar distributive gains. Ultimately, the findings provide insights for understanding the sources of—and potential institutional remedies for—indigenous groups' unequal access to local public goods in the Americas and beyond.
自治有望解决土著和非土著群体之间长期存在的分配不平等。然而,当代自治安排往往与土著社区获得所需公共产品和服务的机会减少有关。我将这些负面影响置于一个更广泛的自治-代表困境中:自治为土著群体提供了更积极响应的同种族领导人,但这些领导人在征收和分配收入方面经常面临困难。这些能力限制往往源于国家政府承认自主权的方式。因此,在某些条件下,追求州内的同种族代表权可能更有可能为土著群体提供所需的商品和服务。利用自然实验证据和对秘鲁土著社区主席的原始调查,我首先证明了在国家内实现种族政治代表权可以扩大土著群体获得他们最需要的公共产品的机会:水。然后,我说明了自治产生的能力限制如何阻碍玻利维亚自治市的土著群体实现类似的分配收益。最终,这些发现为理解美洲及其他地区土著群体不平等获得当地公共产品的来源和潜在的制度补救措施提供了见解。
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引用次数: 2
Race and the Bully Pulpit: The U.S. Presidency and the Quest of Equality in America 种族与讲坛:美国总统和对美国平等的追求
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.27
Rodney E. Hero, Alvin B. Tillery
In calling for articles for this special issue we sought to feature the institution of the US presidency and its implications for racial and ethnic politics in the United States. It was our sense that the race, ethnicity, and politics (REP) literature would benefit from such an emphasis by increasing and complementing the modest amount of extant research on the presidency within the subfield. At the time, bringing in racial dimensions would enrich the presidency research. While presidency scholars have often used case studies about issues racial and ethnic politics to develop theories about the functioning of the institution (see, for example, Graham, 1990; Milkis et al., 2013; Tichenor, 2016), presidential studies writ large has been slow to adopt core theoretical perspectives from the REP subfield. Similarly, the insights from the rich tradition of research on the US presidency propagated by pioneering scholars of color—like Barnett (1983), Walters (1988), and Walton (1985) has been largely unrecognized and underappreciated. Since behaviorism emerged as the dominant approach to the study of racial and ethnic politics in the 1970s. The election of Barrack Hussain Obama as the 44th president in 2008 generated a resurgent interest in the presidency and the role that the institution plays in racial and ethnic politics with the REP subfield (Tesler and Sears 2010; Sanchez et al., 2012; Smith, 2013; Price, 2016; Tillery, 2019). Our goal with this volume is to support this burgeoning movement. To that end, we have sought to prompt, promote, and to provide critical assessment of the extent and the ways in which “presidential-related” activities—including presidents, presidential administrations, policies, as well as election processes— acknowledge, engage, frame, or conceptualize ideas, and emphasize (or ignore) social factors, public policies, as structured by factors relevant to race and racial equality (or inequality) in US politics. Our goal is to spur the growth of presidential research in the REP subfield to rival the rich traditions that the field maintains in Congressional studies (Minta, 2011; Wallace, 2014; Tate 2018) and State and Local politics (Browning et al., 1986; Grimshaw, 1995; Hero 1998). The six articles that comprise this special issue have risen to the challenge of our call. They fall roughly into three very common trajectories of research on the US
在为本期特刊征集文章时,我们试图以美国总统制度及其对美国种族和民族政治的影响为特色。我们的感觉是,种族、民族和政治(REP)文献将受益于这样的强调,通过增加和补充该子领域内现有的少量关于总统的研究。当时,引入种族因素会丰富总统研究。虽然总统学者经常使用有关种族和民族政治问题的案例研究来发展有关该机构运作的理论(例如,参见Graham, 1990;Milkis et al., 2013;Tichenor, 2016),总统研究在采用REP子领域的核心理论观点方面进展缓慢。同样,由巴内特(Barnett, 1983)、沃尔特斯(Walters, 1988)和沃尔顿(Walton, 1985)等有色人种先驱学者传播的关于美国总统的丰富研究传统的见解,在很大程度上没有得到认可和重视。自从行为主义在20世纪70年代成为研究种族和民族政治的主要方法以来。2008年巴拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马当选为第44任总统,重新激起了人们对总统职位以及该机构在REP子领域的种族和民族政治中所起作用的兴趣(特斯勒和西尔斯2010;Sanchez et al., 2012;史密斯,2013;价格,2016;Tillery, 2019)。我们这本书的目标是支持这一蓬勃发展的运动。为此,我们试图提示、促进并提供对“总统相关”活动(包括总统、总统行政部门、政策以及选举过程)承认、参与、框架或概念化思想的程度和方式的批判性评估,并强调(或忽视)社会因素、公共政策,这些因素是由美国政治中与种族和种族平等(或不平等)相关的因素构成的。我们的目标是促进总统研究在REP子领域的发展,以与该领域在国会研究中保持的丰富传统相抗衡(Minta, 2011;华莱士,2014;Tate 2018)以及州和地方政治(Browning et al., 1986;格,1995;英雄1998)。本期特刊的六篇文章响应了我们的号召。它们大致可以分为三种非常常见的美国研究轨迹
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引用次数: 0
REP volume 6 issue 3 Cover and Front matter REP第6卷第3期封面和封面问题
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.26
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引用次数: 0
Unequal values: equality and race in state of the union addresses, 1960–2018 不平等的价值观:国情咨文中的平等与种族,1960-2018
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.21
Rodney E. Hero, Morris Levy
Abstract We analyze the prevalence and framing of references to equality and inequality in presidential state of the union addresses (SOTUs) delivered between 1960 and 2018. Despite rising income inequality and increased attention among political elites to structural inequalities of race and gender in recent years, we find very few direct or indirect references to inequality as a social problem and surprisingly few references even to the ostensibly consensual and primary values of equal opportunity and political equality. References to racial inequality have been few and far between since the height of the civil rights era. By contrast, another primary value in the American political tradition—economic individualism are a major focus in these SOTUs. We trace the scant presence of equality talk in these speeches to the ambiguous scope of egalitarian goals and principles and their close tie-in with race in America. We rely on automated text analysis and systematic hand-coding of these speeches to identify broad thematic emphases as well as on close reading to interpret the patterns that these techniques reveal.
摘要:我们分析了1960年至2018年总统国情咨文中提及平等和不平等的流行程度和框架。尽管近年来收入不平等日益加剧,政治精英对种族和性别结构性不平等的关注也越来越多,但我们发现很少有人直接或间接地将不平等视为一个社会问题,令人惊讶的是,甚至很少有人提到机会平等和政治平等等表面上达成共识的基本价值观。自从民权运动的鼎盛时期以来,提到种族不平等的文章就少之又少。相比之下,美国政治传统的另一个基本价值——经济个人主义是这些sotu的主要关注点。我们认为,这些演讲中很少谈及平等,是因为平等主义的目标和原则范围模糊,以及它们与美国种族的密切联系。我们依靠自动文本分析和系统的手工编码这些演讲来识别广泛的主题重点,并通过仔细阅读来解释这些技术揭示的模式。
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引用次数: 2
Moral Majorities Across the Americas: Brazil, the United States, and the Creation of the Religious Right By Benjamin A. Cowan. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2021. 304 pp. $29.95 (paper), $95.00 (hardcover). 《美洲各地的道德多数派:巴西、美国和宗教权利的创立》,作者:本杰明·a·考恩。教堂山,北卡罗来纳州:北卡罗来纳大学出版社,2021年。304页,29.95美元(平装),95.00美元(精装)。
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-15 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.28
Paul A. Djupe
of Race can be read as a history of ideas companion to political and cultural histories of Anglo-Americanism like Kathleen Burk’s Old World, New World (2008). One of the blind spots of Bell’s Anglotopian subjects was that they saw Anglo-American racial amity as immanent, rather than as an identity that needed to be fostered and rejuvenated over time. Except for Wells, the thinking of few of the figures Bell writes about evolved much, and they seemingly learned little from the failures of earlier Anglo-American union visions. Perhaps, this is evidence that racial utopias are by their nature ahistorical, proverbial “castles in the sky” that remain evanescent, but whose pursuit causes real harm to those groups excluded from the providential community. It would be interesting for other scholars to extend Bell’s scholarship to look at how capital and class shaped visions of Anglo-American union—to what extent was this an elite, and furthermore a conservative, project, and to what extent was it a racial vision that manifested itself in different ways and forms in different parts of the late-Victorian global English-speaking society. One of the great merits of this book is how it suggests many fruitful further lines of inquiry on the nature of white supremacy and Anglo-Saxonism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
《种族的历史》可以被解读为一部思想史,与英美主义的政治和文化史相结合,比如凯瑟琳·伯克的《旧世界,新世界》(2008)。贝尔的盎格鲁托邦研究对象的盲点之一是,他们把盎格鲁-美国的种族友好视为内在的,而不是一种需要随着时间的推移而培养和恢复的身份。除了威尔斯,贝尔所写的人物中几乎没有人的思想发生了很大的变化,而且他们似乎没有从早期英美联合愿景的失败中学到什么。也许,这证明种族乌托邦本质上是历史性的,谚语中的“空中楼阁”是转瞬即逝的,但对它的追求对那些被排除在天意共同体之外的群体造成了真正的伤害。对于其他学者来说,将贝尔的研究扩展到资本和阶级如何塑造英美联合的愿景,这将是一件有趣的事情——在多大程度上,这是一个精英,甚至是保守的项目,在多大程度上,这是一种种族愿景,在维多利亚晚期全球英语社会的不同地区以不同的方式和形式表现出来。这本书最大的优点之一是,它对19世纪末和20世纪初白人至上主义和盎格鲁-撒克逊主义的本质提出了许多卓有成效的进一步探究。
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引用次数: 1
Discrimination and resentment: examining American attitudes about Native Americans 歧视与怨恨:审视美国人对印第安人的态度
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.23
Raymond Foxworth, Carew Boulding
Abstract What shapes Americans' attitudes toward and about Native Americans? Public opinion research acknowledges that race and ethnicity are a factor in shaping US public opinion. Native Americans have been almost entirely excluded from this research. But we do know that, despite being a relatively small population, the general public holds stereotypes and false narratives about Native Americans that have been perpetuated by popular culture, education curriculum, and national myths. In this paper, we use new and original data collected under the Reclaiming Native Truth project to examine the factors that shape attitudes toward Native Americans. More specifically, we examine individual and contextual factors that shape views of discrimination against Native Americans and resentment toward Native Americans. We find that political ideology (liberal versus conservative) and the reliance on Native American stereotypes are factors most consistently associated with resentment and attitudes about Native American discrimination, although direct personal experiences and factual knowledge also matter. Our findings contribute to conversations about attitudes toward racial and ethnic minority groups and emerging scholarship on the role of political attitudes in settler-colonial societies.
是什么塑造了美国人对印第安人的态度?民意调查承认,种族和民族是影响美国民意的一个因素。美洲原住民几乎完全被排除在这项研究之外。但我们确实知道,尽管人口相对较少,但大众对美国原住民的刻板印象和错误叙述一直被流行文化、教育课程和民族神话所延续。在本文中,我们使用在“回收原住民真相”项目下收集的新数据和原始数据来研究塑造对美国原住民态度的因素。更具体地说,我们研究了个人和环境因素,这些因素形成了对美洲原住民的歧视和对美洲原住民的怨恨。我们发现,政治意识形态(自由主义与保守主义)和对印第安人刻板印象的依赖是与对印第安人歧视的怨恨和态度最一致的因素,尽管直接的个人经历和事实知识也很重要。我们的研究结果有助于讨论对种族和少数民族群体的态度,以及关于移民-殖民社会中政治态度作用的新兴学术研究。
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引用次数: 6
Cruelty as Citizenship: How Migrant Suffering Sustains White Democracy By Cristina Beltrán. Forerunners: Ideas First. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2020. 128 pp., $10 Paper. 作为公民的残忍:移民的苦难如何维持白人民主作者:Cristina Beltrán。先驱者:想法第一。明尼阿波利斯:明尼苏达大学出版社,2020。128页,10美元。
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.19
Ronald Schmidt
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引用次数: 3
Immigrant Incorporation in East Asian Democracies By Erin Aeran Chung. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020. xvii, 261 pp. $34.99 Paperback/$28.00 Ebook. 《东亚民主国家的移民融合》作者:Erin Aeran Chung。纽约:剑桥大学出版社,2020。第17卷,261页。平装本34.99美元/电子书28.00美元。
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-26 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.20
D. Milly
maintain white supremacy. This is a superb book that should be read carefully by all students of American politics, international migration, and democratic citizenship. My only criticism is that I think the book would have benefitted from a more fully developed explication of the settler colonial foundations of U.S. racial politics. That is, like Olson’s seminal work on white democracy, this book rests on the notion that the U.S. is a settler colonial country but doesn’t fully articulate the meaning of this assertion in a polity that has virtually erased the memory of its own foundations. Many readers, I suspect, would have benefitted from a fuller treatment.
维持白人至上。这是一本极好的书,所有研究美国政治、国际移民和民主公民权的学生都应该仔细阅读。我唯一的批评是,我认为这本书如果能更全面地解释美国种族政治的移民殖民基础,就会受益。也就是说,就像奥尔森关于白人民主的开创性著作一样,这本书基于美国是一个移民殖民国家的概念,但并没有完全阐明这一主张的意义,因为美国的政体实际上已经抹去了对其自身基础的记忆。我怀疑,许多读者会从更全面的论述中受益。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Race, Ethnicity and Politics
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