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The Comparative Politics of Immigration. Policy Choices in Germany, Canada, Switzerland, and the United States By Antje Ellermann . Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics Series. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2021. 435 pp., $39.99 Paper. 移民的比较政治学。《德国、加拿大、瑞士和美国的政策选择》作者:安特杰·埃勒曼。剑桥比较政治学研究系列。纽约:剑桥大学出版社,2021。435页,39.99美元。
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2022.3
J. Money
prioritized by Black and Latino Americans. These groups are not equally engaged in giving testimony across all issue priorities, though, with Black advocacy groups devoting most of their participation in committee hearings to civil rights issues, while Latino advocacy groups focus on immigration, education, and economic policy. Minta argues, however, that this specialization does not constitute a representational deficit. Instead, civil rights organizations are supplemented in their advocacy by Black and Latino members of Congress, often testifying themselves on a much broader range of issues impacting Black and Latino Americans. A repeated caveat throughout the book is the negative impact that political polarization has on legislative advocacy opportunities. The corresponding trends of increasing polarization and increasing incorporation of Black and Latino advocacy organizations into the Democratic Party agenda raises real questions about the future effectiveness of these groups if their access is contingent upon single-party control. The book gives some brief thoughts on these developments and the future of civil rights advocacy in the age of hashtags and Internet activism but is generally noncommittal on predicting what their effects will be. This leaves a tantalizing assortment of loose ends for future researchers to explore, to carry the thesis into the present and beyond. This surprising thin volume accomplishes a great deal and should be read not just by scholars with an interest in racial and ethnic politics or interest groups but by anyone seeking a better understanding of legislative advocacy and civil rights history. Minta offers a creative exploration of the nonlinear path that effective legislative advocacy can take, with an impressive richness of historical detail. His book moves beyond the common wisdom and makes an innovative contribution to our understanding of how successful organizations can change and adapt to achieve their goals.
黑人和拉丁裔美国人优先考虑。然而,这些团体并不是平等地参与所有优先事项的证词,黑人倡导团体在委员会听证会上的大部分参与都是关于民权问题的,而拉丁裔倡导团体则专注于移民、教育和经济政策。然而,明塔认为,这种专业化并不构成代表性缺陷。相反,民权组织的倡导得到了国会黑人和拉丁裔议员的补充,他们经常就影响黑人和拉丁裔美国人的更广泛的问题作证。贯穿全书的反复告诫是政治两极分化对立法倡导机会的负面影响。相应的两极分化趋势日益加剧,黑人和拉丁裔倡导组织越来越多地纳入民主党的议程,如果这些组织的进入取决于一党控制,那么这些组织未来的有效性就会受到真正的质疑。这本书对这些发展以及在标签和互联网激进主义时代的民权倡导的未来做了一些简要的思考,但总体上没有明确预测它们将会产生什么影响。这就给未来的研究人员留下了一个诱人的空白,让他们去探索,把论文带到现在和以后。这本令人惊讶的薄卷成就了很多,不仅对种族和民族政治或利益集团感兴趣的学者应该阅读,而且任何寻求更好地理解立法倡导和民权历史的人都应该阅读。明塔对有效的立法倡导可以采取的非线性路径进行了创造性的探索,并提供了令人印象深刻的丰富的历史细节。他的书超越了普遍的智慧,对我们理解成功的组织如何改变和适应以实现其目标做出了创新的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
The Civil Rights Lobby: The Leadership Conference on Civil Rights and the Second Reconstruction By Shamira Gelbman . Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2021. 203 pp., $29.95 Cloth. 《民权游说团:民权领导会议与第二次重建》作者:沙米拉·格尔布曼。费城:天普大学出版社,2021。203页,29.95美元。
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.43
K. Ramanathan
The story of the legal and policy transformations of the “ Second Reconstruction ” often focuses on dramatic events in legislatures, courts, and protests. In The Civil Rights Lobby , Shamira Gelbman shifts our attention to an understudied group of actors: the lobbyists who connected advocacy organizations to policymakers in Washington. The book examines the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights (LCCR), the most prominent civil rights-focused interest group coalition in national politics, from its early status as a “ permanent ad hoc committee ” in the 1950s to its central coordinating role in the lobbying campaign for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Gelbman traces these developments through a close analysis of the LCCR ’ s archives, supplemented by records of member organizations and leaders and interviews with two participants in the coalition ’ s 1960s lobbying campaigns. The book ’ s core argument is that interest group coalitions ’ organizational structures and procedures affect its coordination capacity , defined as “ the facility with which they can identify coalition positions and mobilize the resources of their member organizations for concerted action in pursuit of shared objectives ” (14). Building on a literature that views interest group coalitions as having the potential to send robust policy signals to policymakers, Gelbman argues that this potential is contingent on their capacity to coordinate the interests, goals, and resources of diverse member organizations.
“第二次重建”的法律和政策转变的故事往往集中在立法机关、法院和抗议活动中的戏剧性事件上。在《民权游说团》一书中,沙米拉·格尔布曼将我们的注意力转移到了一个尚未得到充分研究的演员群体:将倡导组织与华盛顿的政策制定者联系起来的游说者。这本书考察了民权领导会议(LCCR),这一国家政治中最著名的以民权为重点的利益集团联盟,从20世纪50年代早期作为“常设特设委员会”的地位,到1964年民权法案游说运动中的核心协调作用。格尔曼通过对LCCR档案的仔细分析,辅以成员组织和领导人的记录,以及对该联盟20世纪60年代游说活动的两位参与者的采访,追溯了这些发展。该书的核心论点是,利益集团联盟的组织结构和程序影响其协调能力,将其定义为“他们能够确定联盟立场并动员其成员组织的资源以实现共同目标的协调行动的设施”(14)。在将利益集团联盟视为有可能向决策者发出强有力的政策信号的文献基础上,Gelbman认为这种潜力取决于它们协调不同成员组织的利益、目标和资源的能力。
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引用次数: 2
Introduction to the special issue on indigenous politics 土著政治专题导言
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2022.10
R. Witmer, K. Carlson, Laura E. Evans
At its core, Indigenous politics reflects the adaptability and resilience of Native governments, people, and nations, and the failure of powerful states to assimilate Indigenous people into broader society. In the United States and around the world, democratic and non-democratic regimes of settler-colonial states were predicated on the assimilation of Native people and the disappearance of Indigenous governments through political, legal or extralegal means. Yet contrary to predictions, and indeed expectations among many non-Indigenous leaders that Native people would cease to exist or simply meld into mainstream society, Native peoples have not just survived, but thrived in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The articles in this special issue show how Indigenous peoples and political leaders around the world are engaged in politics and policymaking, and negotiating power, at the local, regional, national, and international levels. For scholars of Indigenous politics, the research presented in this special issue is further confirmation of the quality and scope of the work already underway. For those less familiar with Indigenous research, this special issue provides a first look at the depth and breadth of an often underexamined area of political research. It also serves as an invitation to include Indigenous politics in all areas of political science. The study of Indigenous politics is the study of power and survivance. Indigenous peoples have long faced powerful political actors who would benefit from their eradication, either from their very presence in society or as actors in the political process. Yet there is far more to Indigenous peoples and Indigenous politics than bare survival. Indigenous politics is creative and unsettling, embodying the power of resistance. It is in line with Gerald Vizenor’s definition of Native survivance where he sees “native presence and actuality over absence, nihility and victimry” (2008, 1). The fusion of survival and resistance generates politics that are dynamic, not merely historic or reactive. Native survivance includes active defiance of “absence, deracination, and oblivion” (2008, 85). Survivance also entails a healthy “mockery of dogged academics” and other outsiders who let their expectations get in the way of actual observation (2008, 2). To borrow from Philip Deloria’s phrasing, Native peoples are in unexpected places, doing unexpected politics. As a result, non-Indigenous
土著政治的核心反映了土著政府、人民和民族的适应能力和恢复能力,以及强国未能将土著人民融入更广泛的社会。在美国和世界各地,移民-殖民国家的民主和非民主政权都是以土著人民的同化和土著政府通过政治、法律或法外手段的消失为基础的。然而,与许多非土著领导人的预测相反,实际上也与他们的期望相反,即土著人民将不复存在或简单地融入主流社会,土著人民不仅生存了下来,而且在20世纪和21世纪蓬勃发展。本期特刊的文章展示了世界各地的土著人民和政治领导人如何在地方、区域、国家和国际各级参与政治和决策,以及谈判权力。对于研究土著政治的学者来说,本期特刊中提出的研究进一步证实了已经在进行的工作的质量和范围。对于那些不太熟悉土著研究的人来说,这期特刊提供了一个经常被忽视的政治研究领域的深度和广度的第一眼。它还邀请将土著政治纳入政治科学的所有领域。对土著政治的研究就是对权力和生存的研究。土著人民长期以来一直面临强大的政治行为者,这些行为者将从消灭土著人民中受益,或者从土著人民在社会中的存在或作为政治进程中的行为者中受益。然而,土著人民和土著政治的意义远不止生存。土著政治是创造性的和令人不安的,体现了抵抗的力量。这与杰拉尔德·维泽诺(Gerald Vizenor)对本土生存的定义是一致的,他认为“本土的存在和现实高于缺席、虚无和受害者”(2008,1)。生存和抵抗的融合产生了动态的政治,而不仅仅是历史性的或被动的。本土生存包括对“缺席、分离和遗忘”的积极反抗(2008,85)。生存还需要一种健康的“对顽固的学者的嘲弄”,以及其他让他们的期望妨碍了实际观察的局外人(2008,2)。借用菲利普·德洛里亚(Philip Deloria)的话来说,土著人民处于意想不到的地方,从事意想不到的政治活动。因此,非土著
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引用次数: 1
Toward a decolonial quantitative political science: Indigenous self-identification in the 2019 Native Hawaiian Survey 走向非殖民定量政治学:2019年夏威夷原住民调查中的土著自我认同
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.39
Ngoc T. Phan, K. Lee
Abstract Indigenous scholars have much to teach political scientists about recognizing and addressing the ways in which power, politics, and colonialism irrevocably shape the data-generating process. In this article, we present a methodological framework for a decolonial quantitative political science, outlining how it was operationalized in the design and execution of the 2019 Native Hawaiian Survey. We demonstrate the utility of this methodological framework through a descriptive analysis of Native Hawaiian respondents' self-identification. Aligned with the theoretical insights of kanaka (Native Hawaiian) scholars, we provide empirical support for the intertwined political relationship between Native Hawaiian identity and national identity––a finding that demands further empirical study among all Indigenous populations. This article offers two main contributions. First, it provides a methodological framework to guide quantitative political science research on Indigenous populations. Second, it adds empirically to the growing literature on Indigenous self-identification.
关于认识和解决权力、政治和殖民主义不可逆转地塑造数据生成过程的方式,土著学者有很多东西可以教给政治科学家。在本文中,我们提出了一个非殖民定量政治学的方法框架,概述了它是如何在2019年夏威夷原住民调查的设计和执行中实施的。我们通过对夏威夷原住民受访者自我认同的描述性分析来证明这种方法框架的实用性。与卡纳卡(夏威夷原住民)学者的理论见解一致,我们为夏威夷原住民身份与国家身份之间错综复杂的政治关系提供了实证支持——这一发现需要在所有土著人口中进行进一步的实证研究。本文提供了两个主要贡献。首先,它提供了一个方法框架来指导对土著人口的定量政治学研究。其次,它为日益增长的关于土著自我认同的文献提供了经验。
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引用次数: 4
REP volume 7 issue 1 Cover and Front matter REP第7卷第1期封面和封面问题
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2022.6
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引用次数: 0
Beyond descriptive representation: American Indian opposition to federal legislation 除了描述之外:美国印第安人对联邦立法的反对
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.38
K. Carlson
Abstract This study explores how American Indians use interest group strategies to block federal legislation. Unlike other disadvantaged groups, who have influenced public policymaking through descriptive representation, American Indians have turned to interest group strategies to protect their interests in Congress. Using original data collected from American Indian testimony at congressional hearings on 266 bills during five Congresses, this study tests interest group hypotheses about how and when active opposition affects bill enactment. It finds that American Indians can block federal legislation harmful to their interests when they unify against a bill and that members of Congress frequently respond to American Indian opposition by amending bills to alleviate American Indian concerns.
摘要本研究探讨美国印第安人如何利用利益集团策略阻挠联邦立法。与其他通过描述性代表影响公共政策制定的弱势群体不同,美洲印第安人转向利益集团策略来保护他们在国会中的利益。本研究使用从美国印第安人在五届国会的266项法案的国会听证会上收集的原始数据,测试了利益集团关于积极反对如何以及何时影响法案制定的假设。它发现,当美国印第安人团结起来反对一项法案时,他们可以阻止损害他们利益的联邦立法,国会议员经常通过修改法案来回应美国印第安人的反对,以减轻美国印第安人的担忧。
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引用次数: 3
Battling the Hydra: the disparate impact of voter ID requirements in North Dakota 与九头蛇作战:北达科他州选民身份证要求的不同影响
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2022.1
M. Barreto, Gabriel R. Sanchez, Hannah L. Walker
Abstract Minority voters have experienced a renewed effort to curtail their access to the ballot box in recent years. Although a host of research has examined the impact of election changes on Black and Latino voters, scholars have dedicated much less attention to the rights of Native Americans, even as they face challenges to voting in states where they comprise a significant portion of the population. Many of these states are likewise increasingly important to national elections. Such laws may impact Native Americans when they intersect with the political geography of living on a reservation, and voting rights advocates have challenged them in places like Montana, Nevada and North Dakota. This paper empirically evaluates how such laws might uniquely impact Native American voters. We draw on North Dakota's voter identification law as a case study, but our analysis has wider implications, since residency is the primary means by which election administration uniquely impacts this group. Drawing on two rich survey datasets collected in 2015 and 2017, we offer descriptive evidence of the barriers individuals may encounter while trying to obtain an ID under North Dakota's law, and find that Native Americans are statistically less likely to have access to an ID than are whites. This gap is largely due to the requirement that an ID has a physical address and attendant difficulties in obtaining such an ID, given the remote nature of reservations. We bring needed attention to the impact of carefully crafted electoral rules on this often-overlooked group.
近年来,少数民族选民经历了一场限制他们进入投票箱的新努力。尽管有大量研究考察了选举变化对黑人和拉丁裔选民的影响,但学者们对美洲原住民权利的关注要少得多,即使他们在占人口很大一部分的州面临着投票的挑战。这些州中的许多州对全国选举也同样越来越重要。当这些法律与居住在保留地的政治地理相交叉时,可能会影响到美洲原住民,而投票权倡导者已经在蒙大拿州、内华达州和北达科他州等地对这些法律提出了挑战。本文从经验上评估了这些法律可能对美洲原住民选民产生的独特影响。我们以北达科他州的选民身份法作为案例研究,但我们的分析具有更广泛的含义,因为居住是选举管理对这一群体产生独特影响的主要手段。根据2015年和2017年收集的两个丰富的调查数据集,我们提供了个人在试图获得北达科他州法律规定的身份证时可能遇到的障碍的描述性证据,并发现在统计上,印第安人比白人更不可能获得身份证。这种差距很大程度上是由于要求ID具有物理地址,并且由于预订的远程性质,在获得此类ID方面存在困难。我们对精心制定的选举规则对这一经常被忽视的群体的影响给予必要的注意。
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引用次数: 2
The Economic Other: Inequality in the American Political Imagination By Meghan Condon and Amber Wichowsky. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2020. 240 pp., $30.00 Paperback 《经济他者:美国政治想象中的不平等》,作者:梅根·康登和安布尔·威考斯基。芝加哥:芝加哥大学出版社,2020。240页,平装本30美元
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.37
John Kuk
Why, despite the fact that income inequality has increased over the last 40 years, do Americans not support the US government ’ s efforts to reduce income disparities between the rich and poor? In The Economic Other , Megan Condon and Amber Wichowsky examine how cross-class comparison influences status perception and political attitudes, as well as why Americans do not engage in the type of cross-class comparison that could increase support for redistribution. As Democrats have long debated how to tax the rich and whether to increase social spending on the poor and the middle class to advance President Biden ’ s agenda, the book offers insights into understanding public opinion about these issues. are
尽管收入不平等在过去40年里有所加剧,但为什么美国人不支持美国政府缩小贫富差距的努力?在《经济他者》一书中,Megan Condon和Amber Wichowsky研究了跨阶级比较如何影响地位感知和政治态度,以及为什么美国人不参与可能增加对再分配支持的跨阶级比较。民主党长期以来一直在讨论如何向富人征税,以及是否增加对穷人和中产阶级的社会支出,以推进拜登总统的议程,这本书提供了理解公众对这些问题的看法的见解。是
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引用次数: 1
Diversity's Child: People of Color and the Politics of Identity By Efren Perez. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2021. 232 pages. $30 paperback. 《多样性的孩子:有色人种与身份政治》作者:埃夫伦·佩雷斯芝加哥,伊利诺伊州:芝加哥大学出版社,2021。232页。平装30美元。
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.34
Nicole Yadon
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引用次数: 24
Race, Gender, and Political Representation: Toward a More Intersectional Approach By Beth Reingold, Kerry L. Haynie, and Kirsten Widner. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2021. 232p. $39.95 cloth 种族,性别和政治代表:走向更交叉的方法贝丝·雷戈尔德,克里·l·海尼和克尔斯滕·威德纳。纽约:牛津大学出版社,2021。232便士。布39.95美元
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.1017/rep.2021.31
Evelyn M. Simien
topic (Sands, 2017). Overall, The Economic Other provides a new social-psychological and innovative understanding of Americans’ subdued reaction to inequality. It employs rigorous survey experiments as well as an in-depth review of the literature, open-ended responses, and media coverage of the wealthy. In fact, the detailed, qualitative analysis of how Americans describe their imagined relationship with the economic other in Chapters 4 and 5 is one of the most fascinating parts to read. In America, economic inequality has always been inextricably linked to racial inequality. The book will motivate race, ethnicity, and politics scholars to better understand the intersection of class, race, and gender.
主题(Sands, 2017)。总的来说,《经济他者》对美国人对不平等的压抑反应提供了一种新的社会心理学和创新的理解。它采用了严格的调查实验、深入的文献回顾、开放式的回答和媒体对富人的报道。事实上,第4章和第5章对美国人如何描述他们想象中的经济关系进行了详细的定性分析,这是本书最吸引人的部分之一。在美国,经济不平等一直与种族不平等密不可分。这本书将激励种族、民族和政治学者更好地理解阶级、种族和性别的交集。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Race, Ethnicity and Politics
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