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IEEE Visualization, 2003. VIS 2003.最新文献

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Feature-space analysis of unstructured meshes 非结构化网格的特征空间分析
Pub Date : 2003-10-22 DOI: 10.1109/VISUAL.2003.1250371
Ariel Shamir
Unstructured meshes are often used in simulations and imaging applications. They provide advanced flexibility in modeling abilities but are more difficult to manipulate and analyze than regular data. This work provides a novel approach for the analysis of unstructured meshes using feature-space clustering and feature-detection. Analyzing and revealing underlying structures in data involve operators on both spatial and functional domains. Slicing concentrates more on the spatial domain, while iso-surfacing or volume rendering concentrate more on the functional domain. Nevertheless, many times it is the combination of the two domains which provides real insight on the structure of the data. In this work, a combined feature-space is defined on top of unstructured meshes in order to search for structure in the data. A point in feature-space includes the spatial coordinates of the point in the mesh domain and all chosen attributes defined on the mesh. A distance measures between points in feature-space is defined enabling the utilization of clustering using the mean shift procedure (previously used for images) on unstructured meshes. Feature space analysis is shown to be useful for feature-extraction, for data exploration and partitioning.
非结构化网格通常用于模拟和成像应用。它们在建模能力方面提供了高级的灵活性,但比常规数据更难操作和分析。这项工作为使用特征空间聚类和特征检测分析非结构化网格提供了一种新的方法。分析和揭示数据中的底层结构涉及空间和功能域的操作符。切片更侧重于空间域,而等表面或体绘制更侧重于功能域。然而,很多时候是这两个领域的结合提供了对数据结构的真正洞察。在这项工作中,在非结构化网格上定义了一个组合特征空间,以便在数据中搜索结构。特征空间中的点包括该点在网格域中的空间坐标和在网格上定义的所有选择属性。定义了特征空间中点之间的距离度量,从而可以在非结构化网格上使用mean shift过程(以前用于图像)进行聚类。特征空间分析对特征提取、数据探索和划分非常有用。
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引用次数: 20
Interactive 3D visualization of rigid body systems 刚体系统的交互式三维可视化
Pub Date : 2003-10-22 DOI: 10.1109/VISUAL.2003.1250417
Z. Konyha, K. Matkovič, H. Hauser
Simulation of rigid body dynamics has been a field of active research for quite some time. However, the presentation of simulation results has received far less attention so far. We present an interactive and intuitive 3D visualization framework for rigid body simulation data. We introduce various glyphs representing vector attributes such as force and velocity as well as angular attributes including angular velocity and torque. We have integrated our visualization method into an application developed at one of the leading companies in automotive engine design and simulation. We apply our principles to visualization of chain and belt driven timing drives in engines.
长期以来,刚体动力学仿真一直是一个活跃的研究领域。然而,迄今为止,仿真结果的呈现受到的关注远远不够。我们提出了一个交互式、直观的刚体仿真数据三维可视化框架。我们引入了各种表示矢量属性(如力和速度)以及角属性(如角速度和扭矩)的符号。我们已经将我们的可视化方法集成到一家领先的汽车发动机设计和仿真公司开发的应用程序中。我们将我们的原理应用于链条和皮带驱动的发动机正时驱动的可视化。
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引用次数: 10
Hybrid segmentation and exploration of the human lungs 人体肺部的混合分割和探索
Pub Date : 2003-10-22 DOI: 10.1109/VISUAL.2003.1250370
D. Bartz, D. Mayer, J. Fischer, S. Ley, Á. Río, Steffi Thust, C. Heussel, H. Kauczor, W. Straßer
Segmentation of the tracheo-bronchial tree of the lungs is notoriously difficult. This is due to the fact that the small size of some of the anatomical structures is subject to partial volume effects. Furthermore, the limited intensity contrast between the participating materials (air, blood, and tissue) increases the segmentation of difficulties. In this paper, we propose a hybrid segmentation method which is based on a pipeline of three segmentation stages to extract the lower airways down to the seventh generation of the bronchi. User interaction is limited to the specification of a seed point inside the easily detectable trachea at the upper end of the lower airways. Similarly, the complementary vascular tree of the lungs can be segmented. Furthermore, we modified our virtual endoscopy system to visualize the vascular and airway system of the lungs along with other features, such as lung tumors.
肺的气管-支气管树的分割是出了名的困难。这是由于一些解剖结构的小尺寸受到部分体积效应的影响。此外,参与材料(空气、血液和组织)之间有限的强度对比增加了分割的难度。在本文中,我们提出了一种混合分割方法,该方法基于三个分割阶段的管道提取下气道直至第七代支气管。用户交互被限制在下呼吸道上端易于检测的气管内的种子点的规格。同样,肺的互补血管树也可以被分割。此外,我们改进了我们的虚拟内窥镜系统,使肺的血管和气道系统以及其他特征(如肺肿瘤)可视化。
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引用次数: 64
Mental registration of 2D and 3D visualizations (an empirical study) 二维和三维可视化的心理注册(实证研究)
Pub Date : 2003-10-22 DOI: 10.1109/VISUAL.2003.1250396
Melanie Tory
2D and 3D views are used together in many visualization domains, such as medical imaging, flow visualization, oceanographic visualization, and computer aided design (CAD). Combining these views into one display can be done by: (1) orientation icon (i.e., separate windows), (2) in-place methods (e.g., clip and cutting planes), and (3) a new method called ExoVis. How 2D and 3D views are displayed affects ease of mental registration (understanding the spatial relationship between views), an important factor influencing user performance. This paper compares the above methods in terms of their ability to support mental registration. Empirical results show that mental registration is significantly easier with in-place displays than with ExoVis, and significantly easier with ExoVis than with orientation icons. Different mental transformation strategies can explain this result. The results suggest that ExoVis may be a better alternative to orientation icons when in-place displays are not appropriate (e.g., when in-place methods hide data or cut the 3D view into several pieces).
2D和3D视图在许多可视化领域中一起使用,例如医学成像、流可视化、海洋学可视化和计算机辅助设计(CAD)。将这些视图组合成一个显示可以通过:(1)方向图标(即单独的窗口),(2)就地方法(例如,剪辑和切割平面),以及(3)称为ExoVis的新方法来完成。2D和3D视图的显示方式影响心理注册的难易程度(理解视图之间的空间关系),这是影响用户性能的一个重要因素。本文从支持心理注册的能力方面对上述方法进行了比较。实证结果表明,使用原位显示比使用ExoVis更容易进行心理注册,使用ExoVis比使用方向图标更容易进行心理注册。不同的心理转换策略可以解释这一结果。结果表明,当原位显示不合适时(例如,当原位方法隐藏数据或将3D视图切割成几块时),ExoVis可能是方向图标的更好替代方案。
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引用次数: 62
Counting cases in marching cubes: toward a generic algorithm for producing substitopes 在行进立方体中计数情况:一种产生代换的通用算法
Pub Date : 2003-10-22 DOI: 10.1109/VISUAL.2003.1250354
D. Banks, S. Linton
We describe how to count the cases that arise in a family of visualization techniques, including marching cubes, sweeping simplices, contour meshing, interval volumes, and separating surfaces. Counting the cases is the first step toward developing a generic visualization algorithm to produce substitopes (geometric substitution of polytopes). We demonstrate the method using a software system ("GAP") for computational group theory. The case-counts are organized into a table that provides taxonomy of members of the family; numbers in the table are derived from actual lists of cases, which are computed by our methods. The calculation confirms previously reported case-counts for large dimensions that are too large to check by hand, and predicts the number of cases that will arise in algorithms that have not yet been invented.
我们描述了如何计算一系列可视化技术中出现的情况,包括移动立方体、扫描简单体、轮廓网格、间隔体积和分离表面。计算这些情况是开发一种通用可视化算法来产生替代(多面体的几何替换)的第一步。我们使用计算群理论的软件系统(“GAP”)来演示该方法。病例计数被组织成一个表,提供家庭成员的分类;表中的数字来源于实际的案例列表,这些案例是用我们的方法计算出来的。该计算证实了先前报告的大维度病例数,这些大维度的病例数太大而无法手工检查,并预测了尚未发明的算法中将出现的病例数量。
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引用次数: 40
Real-time refinement and simplification of adaptive triangular meshes 自适应三角网格的实时细化和简化
Pub Date : 2003-10-22 DOI: 10.1109/VISUAL.2003.1250367
V. Volkov, Ling Li
In this paper we present a generic method for incremental mesh adaptation based on hierarchy of semi-regular meshes. Our method supports any refinement rule mapping vertices onto vertices such as 1-to-4 split or /spl radic/3-subdivision. Resulting adaptive mesh has subdivision connectivity and hence good aspect ratio of triangles. Hierarchic representation of the mesh allows incremental local refinement and simplification operations exploiting frame-to-frame coherence. We also present an out-of-core storage layout scheme designed for semi-regular meshes of arbitrary subdivision connectivity. It provides high cache coherency in the data retrieval and relies on the interleaved storage of resolution levels and maintaining good geometrical proximity within each level. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated with applications in physically-based cloth simulation, real-time terrain visualization and procedural modeling.
本文提出了一种基于半规则网格层次结构的增量网格自适应通用方法。我们的方法支持任何将顶点映射到顶点的细化规则,例如1到4分割或/spl径向/3细分。由此产生的自适应网格具有细分连通性,因此具有良好的三角形宽高比。网格的层次表示允许利用帧到帧的一致性进行增量的局部细化和简化操作。我们还提出了一种针对任意细分连接的半规则网格设计的核外存储布局方案。它在数据检索中提供了高的缓存一致性,并依赖于分辨率级别的交错存储和在每个级别内保持良好的几何接近性。在基于物理的布料仿真、实时地形可视化和程序建模等方面的应用证明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 19
Out-of-core isosurface extraction of time-varying fields over irregular grids 不规则网格上时变场的岩心外等值面提取
Pub Date : 2003-10-22 DOI: 10.1109/VISUAL.2003.1250375
Yi-Jen Chiang
In this paper, we propose a novel out-of-core isosurface extraction technique for large time-varying fields over irregular grids. We employ our meta-cell technique to explore the spatial coherence of the data, and our time tree algorithm to consider the temporal coherence as well. Our one-time preprocessing phase first partitions the dataset into meta-cells that cluster spatially neighboring cells together and are stored in disk. We then build a time tree to index the meta-cells for fast isosurface extraction. The time tree takes advantage of the temporal coherence among the scalar values at different time steps, and uses BBIO trees as secondary structures, which are stored in disk and support I/O-optimal interval searches. The time tree algorithm employs a novel meta-interval collapsing scheme and the buffer technique, to take care of the temporal coherence in an I/O-efficient way. We further make the time tree cache-oblivious, so that searching on it automatically performs optimal number of block transfers between any two consecutive levels of memory hierarchy (such as between cache and main memory and between main memory and disk) simultaneously. At run-time, we perform optimal cache-oblivious searches in the time tree, together with I/O-optimal searches in the BBIO trees, to read the active meta-cells from disk and generate the queried isosurface efficiently. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our new technique. In particular, compared with the query-optimal main-memory algorithm by Cignoni et al. (1997) (extended for time-varying fields) when there is not enough main memory, our technique can speed up the isosurface queries from more than 18 hours to less than 4 minutes.
本文提出了一种新的不规则网格上大时变场的岩心外等值面提取技术。我们使用元单元技术来探索数据的空间相干性,并使用时间树算法来考虑数据的时间相干性。我们的一次性预处理阶段首先将数据集划分为元单元,元单元将空间上相邻的单元聚集在一起并存储在磁盘中。然后,我们构建了一个时间树来索引元细胞,以便快速提取等值面。该时间树利用了标量值在不同时间步长的时间相干性,并将BBIO树作为二级结构存储在磁盘中,支持I/ o最优间隔搜索。时间树算法采用了一种新颖的元区间压缩方案和缓冲技术,以高效的I/ o方式处理时间相干性。我们进一步使时间树与缓存无关,因此在它上的搜索会自动在任意两个连续的内存层次(例如缓存和主存之间以及主存和磁盘之间)之间同时执行最优数量的块传输。在运行时,我们在时间树中执行最优缓存无关搜索,并在BBIO树中执行I/ o最优搜索,以从磁盘读取活动元单元并有效地生成查询的等值面。实验证明了我们新技术的有效性。特别是,与Cignoni et al.(1997)的查询最优主内存算法(扩展到时变字段)相比,当主内存不足时,我们的技术可以将等面查询从超过18小时加快到不到4分钟。
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引用次数: 28
MC/sup */: star functions for marching cubes MC/sup */:用于移动立方体的星形函数
Pub Date : 2003-10-22 DOI: 10.1109/VISUAL.2003.1250355
G. Nielson
We describe a modification of the widely used marching cubes method that leads to the useful property that the resulting isosurfaces are locally single valued functions. This implies that conventional interpolation and approximation methods can be used to locally represent the surface. These representations can be used for computing approximations for local surface properties. We utilize this possibility in order to develop algorithms for locally approximating Gaussian and mean curvature, methods for constrained smoothing of isosurface, and techniques for the parameterization of isosurfaces.
我们描述了对广泛使用的行进立方体方法的一种修改,它导致了所得等值面是局部单值函数的有用性质。这意味着可以使用传统的插值和近似方法来局部表示曲面。这些表示可用于计算局部表面性质的近似值。我们利用这种可能性来开发局部逼近高斯曲率和平均曲率的算法,等值面的约束平滑方法以及等值面的参数化技术。
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引用次数: 12
Heart-muscle fiber reconstruction from diffusion tensor MRI 弥散张量MRI心肌纤维重建
Pub Date : 2003-10-22 DOI: 10.1109/VISUAL.2003.1250425
L. Zhukov, A. Barr
In this paper we use advanced tensor visualization techniques to study 3D diffusion tensor MRI data of a heart. We use scalar and tensor glyph visualization methods to investigate the data and apply a moving least squares (MLS) fiber tracing method to recover and visualize the helical structure and the orientation of the heart muscle fibers.
本文采用先进的张量可视化技术对心脏的三维弥散张量MRI数据进行了研究。我们使用标量和张量字形可视化方法对数据进行研究,并应用移动最小二乘(MLS)纤维追踪方法对心肌纤维的螺旋结构和方向进行恢复和可视化。
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引用次数: 116
Visually accurate multi-field weather visualization 视觉上精确的多场天气可视化
Pub Date : 2003-10-22 DOI: 10.1109/VISUAL.2003.1250383
Kirk Riley, D. Ebert, C. Hansen, J. Levit
Weather visualization is a difficult problem because it comprises volumetric multi-field data and traditional surface-based approaches obscure details of the complex three-dimensional structure of cloud dynamics. Therefore, visually accurate volumetric multi-field visualization of storm scale and cloud scale data is needed to effectively and efficiently communicate vital information to weather forecasters, improving storm forecasting, atmospheric dynamics models, and weather spotter training. We have developed a new approach to multi-field visualization that uses field specific, physically-based opacity, transmission, and lighting calculations per-field for the accurate visualization of storm and cloud scale weather data. Our approach extends traditional transfer function approaches to multi-field data and to volumetric illumination and scattering.
天气可视化是一个难题,因为它包括体积多场数据,而传统的基于表面的方法模糊了云动力学复杂的三维结构的细节。因此,需要对风暴尺度和云尺度数据进行视觉上精确的体积多场可视化,以便有效和高效地向天气预报员传达重要信息,改进风暴预报、大气动力学模型和气象观测员培训。我们已经开发了一种新的多场可视化方法,该方法使用特定于现场的、基于物理的不透明度、透射率和照明计算,以实现风暴和云尺度天气数据的精确可视化。我们的方法将传统的传递函数方法扩展到多场数据和体积照明和散射。
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引用次数: 62
期刊
IEEE Visualization, 2003. VIS 2003.
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