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The downside of absence of controlling shareholders: evidence from management trading abnormal return 控股股东缺席的不利因素:来自管理层交易异常回报的证据
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/21697213.2021.1980956
Honghui Zhang, Haojun Xiong, Linyi Zhang
ABSTRACT More and more Chinese-listed companies report the loss of controlling shareholders in recent years. This seems to be a boon to the Chinese capital market, which is plagued by tunnelling from controlling shareholders. Employing the absence of controlling shareholders as a novel event, this study analyzes its influence on management rent-seeking behaviour, as measured by management trading abnormal return. The results show that absence of controlling shareholders will lead to higher abnormal returns for management on share transactions. A channel analysis shows that information asymmetry and equity incentives are two moderators in the association between absence of controlling shareholders and management trading abnormal return. The results also show that the effect is less pronounced for companies with a high equity concentration and a high level of analysts following, and for companies facing a highly developed financial environment. Thus, although the type-II agency problem disappears when companies lose controlling shareholders, the type-I agency problem could be worse.
摘要近年来,越来越多的中国上市公司报告控股股东流失。这似乎对中国资本市场是一个福音,因为中国资本市场一直受到控股股东挖矿的困扰。本研究将控股股东缺席作为一个新事件,通过管理层交易异常收益来衡量其对管理层寻租行为的影响。研究结果表明,控股股东的缺席将导致管理层在股票交易中获得更高的异常收益。渠道分析表明,信息不对称和股权激励是控股股东缺席与管理层交易异常收益之间关系的两个调节因子。研究结果还表明,对于股权集中度高、分析师关注度高的公司,以及面临高度发达金融环境的公司,这种影响不那么明显。因此,尽管当公司失去控股股东时,第二类代理问题就会消失,但第一类代理问题可能会更糟。
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引用次数: 1
Has damage from goodwill impairment grown in China? Analysis and response 中国商誉减值的损失是否有所增加?分析与回应
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/21697213.2021.1992936
Yan Wang, Tao Li, Deli Wang, Kun Liu
ABSTRACT From the perspective of high-quality acquirers (with generated goodwill), this study analyses the conflicting issues in the formation, recognition and subsequent measurement of goodwill and finds that good enterprises are not willing to make a timely provision for goodwill impairment, and the reaction of investors implies a low value relevance of goodwill impairment disclosure. Further, trends in the market-to-book ratio indicate that the market has absorbed goodwill impairment information before its disclosure. This paper finds that listed companies may abuse goodwill and goodwill impairment standards by delaying the recognition and disclosure of goodwill impairment, which could lead to a sharp decline in the companies’ future performance. Overall, this study tends to provide some useful suggestions about how to disclose and refine goodwill impairment information under the current goodwill framework and offer suggestions to improve impairment testing, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) transactions, off-balance sheet information disclosure and corporate governance.
摘要本研究从优质收购方(已产生商誉)的角度,分析了商誉形成、确认和后续计量中的冲突问题,发现优质企业不愿意及时计提商誉减值准备,投资者的反应意味着商誉减值披露的价值相关性较低。此外,市场账面比率的趋势表明,在商誉减值信息披露之前,市场已经吸收了该信息。本文发现,上市公司可能会滥用商誉和商誉减值标准,延迟确认和披露商誉减值,从而导致公司未来业绩大幅下降。总体而言,本研究倾向于为如何在当前商誉框架下披露和完善商誉减值信息提供一些有用的建议,并为改进减值测试、并购交易、表外信息披露和公司治理提供建议。
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引用次数: 4
Does ‘Internet+Sales’ business model help managers improve earnings forecast quality? – Based on the data of e-commerce platforms “互联网+销售”商业模式能否帮助管理者提高盈利预测质量?-基于电商平台数据
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/21697213.2021.1992937
Bo Peng, Chen He
ABSTRACT Based on the data of firms opening stores on e-commerce platforms and DID regression model, we investigate the impacts of ‘Internet+Sales’ on management forecasts. In the view of accounting information transmission efficiency, ‘Internet+Sales’ can upgrade firms’ information technology and enhance managers’ ability to obtain earnings information, which help improve the timeliness of forecasts. However, in the view of sales uncertainty, ‘Internet+Sales’ will impact firms’ traditional sales activity and raise the difficulty for managers to estimate future earnings performance, which causes a decrease in the accuracy of forecasts. Moreover, we also find a decrease in customer concentration in these firms, and a better performance in forecast accuracy in the e-commerce platforms with less sales uncertainty policy, indicating that uncertainty can affect forecast accuracy. This paper provides specific evidence on how ‘Internet+’ affects management disclosure, and can help stakeholders have a better understanding of ‘Internet+Sales’ business model.
基于电子商务平台开店企业数据和DID回归模型,研究了“互联网+销售”对管理预测的影响。从会计信息传递效率来看,“互联网+销售”可以提升企业的信息技术水平,增强管理者获取盈余信息的能力,有助于提高预测的及时性。然而,从销售的不确定性来看,“互联网+销售”将影响企业的传统销售活动,并增加管理者对未来收益绩效的估计难度,从而导致预测的准确性下降。此外,我们还发现这些公司的客户集中度有所下降,而在销售不确定性政策较少的电子商务平台上,预测准确性表现更好,这表明不确定性会影响预测准确性。本文为“互联网+”如何影响管理信息披露提供了具体证据,有助于利益相关者更好地理解“互联网+销售”商业模式。
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引用次数: 1
Does air pollution affect executive pay? 空气污染会影响高管薪酬吗?
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/21697213.2021.1992938
Liguang Zhang, L. Peng, Kan He
ABSTRACT Senior talents are the source and driving force of sustained economic growth, so attracting and retaining senior talents is crucial to local economic development. From the perspective of senior talents – executives, using a sample of publicly traded A-share listed companies during 2005–2018 in China, we examine the impact of air pollution on executive compensation. We find that air pollution level is significantly and positively correlated with executive compensation. This effect is more prominent for firms have less bargaining power, firms where executives have more bargaining power and executives are younger. Further studies show that air pollution inhibits the accumulation of local executive talent. Finally, adjusting executive compensation according to air pollution levels can improve future firm performance. All in all, from the perspective of listed firms’ decision makers, this paper enriches and expands the literature about economic outcomes of air pollution and further reveals the micro mechanism of air pollution negatively influencing macro economic development, providing the empirical evidence for local government policy making of talent introduction, improving the environmental governance capacity and finally promoting high quality economic development.
高级人才是经济持续增长的源泉和动力,吸引和留住高级人才对地方经济发展至关重要。从高级人才——高管的角度出发,以2005-2018年中国a股上市公司为样本,研究了空气污染对高管薪酬的影响。研究发现,空气污染水平与高管薪酬显著正相关。这种效应在议价能力较弱的公司、高管议价能力较强的公司和高管较年轻的公司中更为突出。进一步的研究表明,空气污染抑制了地方管理人才的积累。最后,根据空气污染程度调整高管薪酬可以改善公司未来的绩效。总而言之,本文从上市公司决策者的视角,丰富和拓展了大气污染经济后果的相关文献,进一步揭示了大气污染负向影响宏观经济发展的微观机制,为地方政府制定人才引进政策、提高环境治理能力、促进经济高质量发展提供了实证依据。
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引用次数: 2
Can analysts see through goodwill bubbles? The impact of goodwill on analysts’ forecasts 分析师能看穿商誉泡沫吗?商誉对分析师预测的影响
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/21697213.2021.1980955
Shuang Xue, Pei-ji Xu
ABSTRACT In recent years, the amount of goodwill has been increased dramatically and become one of the difficult problems in academic and accounting practice. This paper focuses on the impact of goodwill on analysts’ forecasts. It is found that goodwill can increase the optimism and decrease the accuracy of analysts’ forecasts because of its low quality. Goodwill recognised initially in bull market or from the M&A without founder-chairman or founder-CEO contains more bubbles and tends to be lower quality. The more the bubbles, the larger the optimism or the errors of analysts’ forecasts. In order to exclude the alternative explanations, we also, respectively, take cross-sectional tests to control the number of analysts, the number of star analysts, and whether there is M&A in year t, and then further examine the dynamic changes between goodwill and analysts’ forecasts.
摘要近年来,商誉金额急剧增加,已成为学术界和会计实务中的难题之一。本文主要研究商誉对分析师预测的影响。研究发现,商誉由于其质量较低,会增加分析师预测的乐观度,降低预测的准确性。最初在牛市中或在没有创始人董事长或创始人首席执行官的并购中确认的商誉包含更多的泡沫,质量往往较低。泡沫越多,分析师预测的乐观情绪或误差就越大。为了排除其他解释,我们还分别进行了横断面测试,以控制分析师的数量、明星分析师的数量以及t年是否存在并购,然后进一步检验商誉与分析师预测之间的动态变化。
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引用次数: 1
Credit availability, signalling and auditor choice 信贷可用性、信号和审计师选择
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/21697213.2021.1927770
Hongjian Wang, Song Chen
ABSTRACT Taken the cancellation of the upper limit of loan interest rates as a quasinatural experiment and based on the signal theory of auditor demand, this paper investigates how the improvement of credit availability affects the choice of auditors. Results show that, compared with low-risk enterprises, high-risk enterprises tend to choose high-quality audits because of the increased loan availability after the liberalisation of the loan interest rate ceiling, and this tendency is more pronounced in the corporations with higher financing constraints. The above results are still valid after a series of robustness tests. Further analysis reveals that high-risk companies choosing high-quality auditors do obtain more long-term loans after the loan interest rate ceiling was lifted. This study identifies the causal relationship between credit availability and auditor choice, and also provides empirical evidence for the signal function of high-quality auditors in China’s credit market.
摘要本文以取消贷款利率上限为准自然实验,基于审计师需求的信号理论,研究了信贷可用性的提高对审计师选择的影响。结果表明,与低风险企业相比,高风险企业倾向于选择高质量的审计,因为在放宽贷款利率上限后,贷款可用性增加,而这种趋势在融资约束较高的企业中更为明显。经过一系列稳健性测试,上述结果仍然有效。进一步的分析表明,在贷款利率上限取消后,选择高质量审计师的高风险公司确实获得了更多的长期贷款。本研究确定了信贷可用性与审计师选择之间的因果关系,也为中国信贷市场中高素质审计师的信号功能提供了实证证据。
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引用次数: 1
Best paper award announcement 最佳论文奖公告
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/21697213.2021.1997370
Yilin Luo Fudan, Jianqiao Hong Fudan, Chenkai Ni Fudan, Guo‐chen Wang, Yilin Luo, Jianqiao Hong, Chenkai Ni
We are pleased to announce that the annual best paper award for 2020 goes to Can individual investors identify economic links? Evidence from initial quarterly earnings announcements within industries, by Yilin Luo (Fudan University), Jianqiao Hong (Fudan University), Chenkai Ni (Fudan University) and Guochen Wang (Agricultural Bank of China). The paper was published in China Journal of Accounting Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2020, pp. 121–153. In this paper, the authors examine whether individual investors in China have the ability to acquire and process the information of industry peers. They exploit the initial earnings announcement within each industry-quarter during 2015-2017 and use the frequency of investors’ daily discussions on the Xue Qiu platform to capture their information acquisition activities, and find that non-announcing firms’ investors exhibit a significant increase in their discussion frequency around the initial earnings announcement within an industry. These increased discussions facilitate the information transfer from the announcing firm to its non-announcing peers, manifested by the latter’s reactions in share prices and trading volume to the former’s unexpected earnings. In the cross-section, investors’ acquisition and processing of peer information are more pronounced when non-announcing firms exhibit a worse information environment or a stronger economic link with the announcing firm. Collectively, individual investors in China exhibit some rationality in acquiring and utilizing information of economically linked firms.
我们很高兴地宣布,2020年年度最佳论文奖将颁发给“个人投资者能否识别经济联系?”罗一林(复旦大学)、洪建桥(复旦大学)、倪晨凯(复旦大学)和王国臣(中国农业银行)从行业内最初的季度收益公告中获得证据。论文发表在《中国会计研究》2020年第8卷第1期,第121-153页。在本文中,作者考察了中国的个人投资者是否具有获取和处理行业同行信息的能力。他们利用2015-2017年每个行业季度的首次盈余公告,并利用投资者在雪球平台上的日常讨论频率来捕捉他们的信息获取活动,发现非公告公司的投资者在行业内首次盈余公告的讨论频率显着增加。这些增加的讨论促进了信息从宣布公司向非宣布公司的同行传递,表现为后者对前者意外收益的股价和交易量的反应。在横截面上,当非公告企业的信息环境较差或与公告企业的经济联系较强时,投资者对同行信息的获取和处理更为明显。总体而言,中国个人投资者在获取和利用经济关联企业信息方面表现出一定的合理性。
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引用次数: 0
Discretionary stock halt and analyst forecast 自由裁量股票停牌和分析师预测
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/21697213.2021.1977892
Xuehang Yu, Junxiong Fang
ABSTRACT The increasing number of discretionary stock halts, has attracted the attention of regulatory authorities and scholars. They have also become a significant obstacle to the internationalization of China's capital market. This article systematically examines the impact of discretionary halts on the information environment from the perspective of analysts. The study finds that discretionary halts lead to a decrease in the number of analysts following, a decline in analysts' forecast accuracy, and an increase in analysts' forecast dispersion. Further research finds that reducing the amount and the decline of the quality of information disclosure are two crucial channels for discretionary stock halts deteriorating the information environment. Cross-sectional tests show that the impact of discretionary stock halts is more pronounced in samples with lower investor protection and higher agency costs. Above results indicate that the discretionary halt deteriorates the company's information environment, which provides important policy implications for China's capital market reform.
摘要:越来越多的自主停牌行为引起了监管部门和学者的关注。它们也成为中国资本市场国际化的重大障碍。本文从分析的角度系统地考察了自由裁量停止对信息环境的影响。研究发现,自由裁量停止导致分析师跟随数量减少,分析师预测准确性下降,分析师预测离散度增加。进一步研究发现,信息披露数量的减少和信息披露质量的下降是自由裁量股停止恶化信息环境的两个重要渠道。横断面检验表明,在投资者保护较低和代理成本较高的样本中,自由裁量停牌的影响更为明显。上述结果表明,自由裁量暂停令公司信息环境恶化,这为中国资本市场改革提供了重要的政策启示。
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引用次数: 1
Strategic deviance and auditor selection 战略偏差与审计师选择
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/21697213.2021.1927769
Xueyan Dong, Yijing Cui, Jingyu Gao
ABSTRACT Using data of Chinese A-share non-financial listed companies spanning years 2003–2018, we examine whether a firm’s business strategy that deviates from industry conventions influences corporate governance mechanisms, particularly the probability of choosing high-quality external auditors. We document a significantly positive correlation between a firm’s strategic deviance and high-quality auditor engagement. The exacerbation of agency conflict is an important driver for firms with strategic deviance to hire high-quality auditors. Moreover, we find evidence that hiring Big 4 auditors can curb earnings management and capital occupation of major shareholders in firms with a deviant strategy. We conclude that strategically deviant firms hire high-quality auditors due to agency conflicts.
本文利用2003-2018年中国a股非金融类上市公司的数据,考察了企业偏离行业惯例的经营战略是否会影响公司治理机制,尤其是选择高质量外部审计师的概率。我们发现,公司的战略偏差与高质量的审计师参与之间存在显著的正相关关系。代理冲突的加剧是战略偏差企业聘请高质量审计师的重要驱动因素。此外,我们发现有证据表明,聘请四大会计师事务所可以抑制公司的盈余管理和大股东的资本占用。我们的结论是,由于代理冲突,战略偏差的公司雇佣了高质量的审计师。
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引用次数: 2
Killing two birds with one stone? Auditor choice in merger & acquisitions and subsequent auditor assurance quality 一石二鸟?并购中的审计师选择与后续审计保证质量
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/21697213.2021.1977893
Yang Han, Xi Wu, Shangkun Liang
ABSTRACT Listed companies commonly appoint their incumbent annual auditors to audit a target company during a merger and acquisition (M&A). However, some companies choose an alternative auditor to perform the M&A audit. To understand the consequences of this apparently unconventional auditor choice, we argue that the acquiring company introduces competition between the M&A auditor and the annual auditor, which makes the M&A auditor incentivised to compete for the annual audit engagement, whereas the annual auditor is motivated to protect her business from rivalry. This game facilitates corporate management to gain favourable treatment from auditors both in the annual audit and in the performance commitment attestation for post-M&A periods. Using data from Chinese M&A market from 2008 to 2017, we find evidence consistent with our hypotheses. Our findings suggest that an audit client is capable of compromising external auditors’ monitoring by employing multiple auditors on various assurance services.
摘要上市公司在并购过程中,通常会任命其在职年度审计师对目标公司进行审计。然而,一些公司选择替代审计师来执行并购审计。为了理解这种明显非常规的审计师选择的后果,我们认为收购公司在并购审计师和年度审计师之间引入了竞争,这使得并购审计师有动力竞争年度审计业务,而年度审计师则有动力保护自己的业务免受竞争。这一游戏有利于企业管理层在年度审计和并购后的绩效承诺认证中获得审计师的优惠待遇。利用2008 - 2017年中国并购市场的数据,我们发现了与我们的假设一致的证据。我们的研究结果表明,审计客户能够通过在各种保证服务上雇用多名审计师来损害外部审计师的监督。
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引用次数: 1
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China Journal of Accounting Studies
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