The article introduces the concept of ecorelational aesthetics, understood as a realm of artistic production and practice that creates a space for meaningful encounters between the human and the nonhuman, which can facilitate rethinking disability and its place in the world. Ecorelational aesthetics helps dismantle anthropocentric and ableist ways of thinking, and reconceptualizes disability as a crucial form of cultural and biological diversity rather than an aberration or deviation from nature. Analyzing Sunaura Taylor’s paintings, Claire Cunningham’s performances Beyond the Breakwater and We Run Like Rivers (with Julia Watts Belser), the concept behind Hanna Cormick’s performance The Mermaid , and the choreodocumentary Gatunki chronione ( Protected Species , dir. Rafał Urbacki and Anu Czerwiński), the article examines key aspects of this aesthetics which accentuates the essential vulnerability of all human and nonhuman beings and promotes an ethics of (inter)dependence and care. The article also uses this as an opportunity to reflect critically upon Rosemarie GarlandThomson’s notion of conserving disability as a valuable resource, i.e. an alternative way of being in the world that facilitates our cultural, epistemic, and ethical growth.
{"title":"Ecorelational Aesthetics Embracing Animality and Conserving Disability","authors":"Katarzyna Ojrzyńska","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2023.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2023.36","url":null,"abstract":"The article introduces the concept of ecorelational aesthetics, understood as a realm of artistic production and practice that creates a space for meaningful encounters between the human and the nonhuman, which can facilitate rethinking disability and its place in the world. Ecorelational aesthetics helps dismantle anthropocentric and ableist ways of thinking, and reconceptualizes disability as a crucial form of cultural and biological diversity rather than an aberration or deviation from nature. Analyzing Sunaura Taylor’s paintings, Claire Cunningham’s performances Beyond the Breakwater and We Run Like Rivers (with Julia Watts Belser), the concept behind Hanna Cormick’s performance The Mermaid , and the choreodocumentary Gatunki chronione ( Protected Species , dir. Rafał Urbacki and Anu Czerwiński), the article examines key aspects of this aesthetics which accentuates the essential vulnerability of all human and nonhuman beings and promotes an ethics of (inter)dependence and care. The article also uses this as an opportunity to reflect critically upon Rosemarie GarlandThomson’s notion of conserving disability as a valuable resource, i.e. an alternative way of being in the world that facilitates our cultural, epistemic, and ethical growth.","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"74 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135215814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rethinking the Species Divide","authors":"Liz Shek-Noble, Chelsea Temple Jones","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2023.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2023.31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135161583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines neoliberal and anthropocentric discourses of disability inclusion in the context of animal rescue. The first part offers a close reading of two US-based documentaries— Guardians of Recoleta (Kuhre) and God’s Little People (Berkley)—both of which perpetuate ableist and anthropocentric assumptions about transnational adoption as a “cure” or solution for animals with illnesses and disabilities. Drawing upon ethnographic participant observation at a cat sanctuary in Syros, Greece, the second part discusses narratives of feline skin cancer survivors that center around animal agency, pleasure, and desire. By caring for cats in a way that accounts for their capacity to experience pleasure as well as pain, volunteers at Syros Cats articulate a decolonial approach to the question of interspecies relationality, one based not on neoliberal models of ownership and property rights, but rather on a recognition of street cats as subjects of multispecies habitats.
{"title":"Decolonizing Interspecies Relationality","authors":"Rachel Lewis","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2023.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2023.35","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines neoliberal and anthropocentric discourses of disability inclusion in the context of animal rescue. The first part offers a close reading of two US-based documentaries— Guardians of Recoleta (Kuhre) and God’s Little People (Berkley)—both of which perpetuate ableist and anthropocentric assumptions about transnational adoption as a “cure” or solution for animals with illnesses and disabilities. Drawing upon ethnographic participant observation at a cat sanctuary in Syros, Greece, the second part discusses narratives of feline skin cancer survivors that center around animal agency, pleasure, and desire. By caring for cats in a way that accounts for their capacity to experience pleasure as well as pain, volunteers at Syros Cats articulate a decolonial approach to the question of interspecies relationality, one based not on neoliberal models of ownership and property rights, but rather on a recognition of street cats as subjects of multispecies habitats.","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"79 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cripping the Ordinary: Veena Das’s Life and Words in “Unprecedented Times”","authors":"Alexandra Weiss","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2023.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2023.38","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"11 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Larissa Lai’s (2002) visionary novel, Salt Fish Girl , is teeming with sensations beneath and beyond capitalist control. An atemporal narrative follows Miranda, a near-future young woman conceived by a durian and afflicted by a “memory disease” that produces distinctive body odor and flashbacks to episodes of colonial violence that the powerful would prefer to forget. While subjected to treatment for this “disease,” Miranda falls in love with Evie, erstwhile sweatshop laborer with carp DNA and body odor to match. In a story of anti-state, anti-capitalist rebellion, Miranda and Evie defect from straight, sane, and abled sterility. Aided by human/carp comrades called The Sonias, they realize spaces Elsewhere and Otherwise at the edges of the collective imagination. Using a queercrip conceptual framework, the article attends to the alienated, nonhuman body as a site of erotic play through Leah Lakshmi Piepzna-Samarasinha and Ellery Russian’s (2010) concept of the “crip lust of recognition,” arguing that it is within that space of affirmation and lust that criptopias beyond the “rational” might be found(ed). Finally, Salt Fish Girl is read alongside recent works of speculative activist-scholarship to theorize queercrip, multispecies resistance and imagination toward criptopian possibilities.
拉里萨·赖(Larissa Lai, 2002)的幻想小说《咸鱼女孩》(Salt Fish Girl)充满了资本主义控制之下和之外的感觉。米兰达(Miranda)是一名近未来的年轻女子，由榴莲孕育而生，患有“记忆疾病”，会产生独特的体味，并会闪回那些权力者宁愿忘记的殖民暴力事件。在接受这种“疾病”的治疗期间，米兰达爱上了伊维，伊维曾经是血汗工厂的工人，身上有鲤鱼的DNA和体味。在一个反国家、反资本主义反叛的故事中，米兰达和伊维从正直、理智和有能力的不育中脱离出来。在被称为“索尼亚斯”的人类/鲤鱼同伴的帮助下，他们在集体想象的边缘意识到了“别处”和“其他地方”的空间。本文采用酷儿色情概念框架，通过Leah Lakshmi Piepzna-Samarasinha和Ellery Russian(2010)的“承认的酷儿色情欲望”概念，将异化的非人类身体作为色情游戏的场所，认为在肯定和欲望的空间中，可能会发现超越“理性”的加密乌托邦(见文)。最后，《咸鱼女孩》与最近的投机活动学者的作品一起阅读，这些作品将酷儿癖、多物种抵抗和对加密世界可能性的想象理论化。
{"title":"Embodying Otherwise","authors":"Sarah Cavar","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2023.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2023.37","url":null,"abstract":"Larissa Lai’s (2002) visionary novel, Salt Fish Girl , is teeming with sensations beneath and beyond capitalist control. An atemporal narrative follows Miranda, a near-future young woman conceived by a durian and afflicted by a “memory disease” that produces distinctive body odor and flashbacks to episodes of colonial violence that the powerful would prefer to forget. While subjected to treatment for this “disease,” Miranda falls in love with Evie, erstwhile sweatshop laborer with carp DNA and body odor to match. In a story of anti-state, anti-capitalist rebellion, Miranda and Evie defect from straight, sane, and abled sterility. Aided by human/carp comrades called The Sonias, they realize spaces Elsewhere and Otherwise at the edges of the collective imagination. Using a queercrip conceptual framework, the article attends to the alienated, nonhuman body as a site of erotic play through Leah Lakshmi Piepzna-Samarasinha and Ellery Russian’s (2010) concept of the “crip lust of recognition,” arguing that it is within that space of affirmation and lust that criptopias beyond the “rational” might be found(ed). Finally, Salt Fish Girl is read alongside recent works of speculative activist-scholarship to theorize queercrip, multispecies resistance and imagination toward criptopian possibilities.","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"10 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"About the Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2023.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2023.40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"36 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135161590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article argues that eugenics was motivated, in part, by human exceptionalism. It first explores the ways in which eugenics understood nonwhite race, disability, and animality as forces capable of exerting a drag on the forward thrust of eugenic progress. Next, it traces the incoherent discourse about animality within eugenics, demonstrating that while eugenic breeding—eugenic methods—relied on human animality, the fundamental goal of eugenics was to improve human beings by distancing us from that animality. The final part of the article explores the imbrication of animality, race, and disability in Aldous Huxley’s 1948 novel Ape and Essence , arguing that the novel is a dysgenic vision that substantiates the eugenic call to increase the evolutionary distance between human beings and other animals, to cement human domination—conceived of as white human domination—of the planet.
{"title":"Mind the Gap","authors":"Maren Linett","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2023.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2023.33","url":null,"abstract":"The article argues that eugenics was motivated, in part, by human exceptionalism. It first explores the ways in which eugenics understood nonwhite race, disability, and animality as forces capable of exerting a drag on the forward thrust of eugenic progress. Next, it traces the incoherent discourse about animality within eugenics, demonstrating that while eugenic breeding—eugenic methods—relied on human animality, the fundamental goal of eugenics was to improve human beings by distancing us from that animality. The final part of the article explores the imbrication of animality, race, and disability in Aldous Huxley’s 1948 novel Ape and Essence , arguing that the novel is a dysgenic vision that substantiates the eugenic call to increase the evolutionary distance between human beings and other animals, to cement human domination—conceived of as white human domination—of the planet.","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"75 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135215812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index to Volume 17","authors":"","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2023.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2023.41","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"10 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Between 1800 and 1807, Napoleonic reforms to obstetrics exposed more physicians to “monstrous births” (congenital anomalies). These reforms followed post-Revolutionary France’s need to re-define the “individual” and the Enlightenment’s attempts to naturalize the “monstrous.” Drawing on foundational eighteenth-century natural historical and medical texts, the article argues that the French Revolution was a major turning point in the conceptualization of dis/ability. To illustrate this, the illuminated volume Les Ecarts de la Nature (1775) by Nicolas-François and Geneviève Regnault and its 1808 edition revised by the physician Jacques-Louis Moreau de la Sarthe are analyzed through contemporary disability studies. The late eighteenth-century’s eventual eradication of monstrosities from the natural realm would lead to certain human bodies becoming normalized and others pathologized. This pathologization involved systematically categorizing human beings into forced binaries. Yet, by attempting to order that which does not fit into a binary, Les Ecarts attests that the dichotomy between “normal” and “abnormal” is a false narrative.
1800年至1807年间，拿破仑对产科的改革使更多的医生面临“畸形出生”(先天性异常)。大革命后的法国需要重新定义“个人”，启蒙运动试图将“怪物”归化，这些改革紧随其后。根据基本的十八世纪自然历史和医学文本，文章认为，法国大革命是残疾/能力概念化的一个主要转折点。为了说明这一点，我们通过当代残疾研究分析了nicolas - franois和genevi Regnault的照明卷Les Ecarts de la Nature(1775)及其1808年由医生Jacques-Louis Moreau de la Sarthe修订的版本。18世纪晚期，自然界的怪物被彻底消灭，导致某些人的身体变得正常，而另一些人则被病态化。这种病态化包括系统地将人类分类为强制的二元。然而，通过试图将那些不适合二元的东西排序，Les Ecarts证明了“正常”和“不正常”之间的二分法是一种错误的叙述。
{"title":"Deviating from Monstrosity","authors":"Zoe Copeman","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2023.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2023.32","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1800 and 1807, Napoleonic reforms to obstetrics exposed more physicians to “monstrous births” (congenital anomalies). These reforms followed post-Revolutionary France’s need to re-define the “individual” and the Enlightenment’s attempts to naturalize the “monstrous.” Drawing on foundational eighteenth-century natural historical and medical texts, the article argues that the French Revolution was a major turning point in the conceptualization of dis/ability. To illustrate this, the illuminated volume Les Ecarts de la Nature (1775) by Nicolas-François and Geneviève Regnault and its 1808 edition revised by the physician Jacques-Louis Moreau de la Sarthe are analyzed through contemporary disability studies. The late eighteenth-century’s eventual eradication of monstrosities from the natural realm would lead to certain human bodies becoming normalized and others pathologized. This pathologization involved systematically categorizing human beings into forced binaries. Yet, by attempting to order that which does not fit into a binary, Les Ecarts attests that the dichotomy between “normal” and “abnormal” is a false narrative.","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"1 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Within environmental discourses, more-than-human beings with corporeal differences are often represented and exhibited as unnatural, abnormal, monstrous, freakish, bizarre, and deformed—as freaknature—and ultimately used as evidence of the harms of human-caused environmental contamination. The article examines the construction of freaknature alongside histories of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century American freak show to consider how these contemporary portrayals of the more-than-human not only reinvigorate the ableist tropes that were central to the freak show, but also reinforce logics of gender essentialism, transphobia, white supremacy, Orientalism, and racial purity. Both freak shows and freaknature operate/d as a scientific apparatus constructing and exhibiting some human and more-than-human beings as unnatural while shoring up other corporeal formations as normal/natural. Together, these crip figures on display call into question the binaries at the foundation of Western science.
{"title":"From Freak Shows to Freaknature","authors":"Jenne Schmidt","doi":"10.3828/jlcds.2023.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2023.34","url":null,"abstract":"Within environmental discourses, more-than-human beings with corporeal differences are often represented and exhibited as unnatural, abnormal, monstrous, freakish, bizarre, and deformed—as freaknature—and ultimately used as evidence of the harms of human-caused environmental contamination. The article examines the construction of freaknature alongside histories of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century American freak show to consider how these contemporary portrayals of the more-than-human not only reinvigorate the ableist tropes that were central to the freak show, but also reinforce logics of gender essentialism, transphobia, white supremacy, Orientalism, and racial purity. Both freak shows and freaknature operate/d as a scientific apparatus constructing and exhibiting some human and more-than-human beings as unnatural while shoring up other corporeal formations as normal/natural. Together, these crip figures on display call into question the binaries at the foundation of Western science.","PeriodicalId":37229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies","volume":"10 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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